scholarly journals Racial disparities in knowledge, attitudes and practices related to COVID-19 in the USA

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson M Alobuia ◽  
Nathan P Dalva-Baird ◽  
Joseph D Forrester ◽  
Eran Bendavid ◽  
Jay Bhattacharya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Kaiser Family Foundation ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Health Insurance Status ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Abstract Background Recent reports indicate racial disparities in the rates of infection and mortality from the 2019 novel coronavirus (coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]). The aim of this study was to determine whether disparities exist in the levels of knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAPs) related to COVID-19. Methods We analyzed data from 1216 adults in the March 2020 Kaiser Family Foundation ‘Coronavirus Poll’, to determine levels of KAPs across different groups. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis was used to identify predictors of KAPs. Results In contrast to White respondents, Non-White respondents were more likely to have low knowledge (58% versus 30%; P < 0.001) and low attitude scores (52% versus 27%; P < 0.001), but high practice scores (81% versus 59%; P < 0.001). By multivariate regression, White race (odds ratio [OR] 3.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.70–5.50), higher level of education (OR 1.80; 95% CI: 1.46–2.23) and higher income (OR 2.06; 95% CI: 1.58–2.70) were associated with high knowledge of COVID-19. Race, sex, education, income, health insurance status and political views were all associated with KAPs. Conclusions Racial and socioeconomic disparity exists in the levels of KAPs related to COVID-19. More work is needed to identify educational tools that tailor to specific racial and socioeconomic groups.

scholarly journals COVID-19-related knowledge, attitudes and practices: a mixed-mode cross-sectional survey in Liberia

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e049494
Author(s):  
Josiah Brown Wilson ◽  
Andreas Deckert ◽  
Rupal Shah ◽  
Nicholas Kyei ◽  
Lauretta Copeland Dahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Mixed Mode ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Survey Mode ◽  
Sociodemographic Variables ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

ObjectivesTo examine the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of COVID-19 of rural and urban residents in Liberia to inform the development of local social and behaviour change communication strategies.DesignCross-sectional, mixed-mode (online and telephone) survey using non-probability sampling.SettingAll 15 counties in Liberia with a focus on Maryland County.ParticipantsFrom 28 May to 28 June 2020, data were collected from a total of 431 adults aged 18 years and older (telephone 288 (66.8%); online 143 (33.2%)) out of a total of 741 contacts.Main outcome measuresKAP scores. Frequencies and proportions were calculated, followed by univariate and multivariable analyses to examine the association between KAP scores and the sociodemographic variables.ResultsAround 69% of the online survey respondents were younger than 35 years of age, compared with 56% in the telephone interviews. The majority (87%) of online respondents had completed tertiary education, compared with 77% of the telephone respondents. Male participants, on average, achieved higher knowledge (52%) and attitude scores (72%), in contrast to females (49% and 67%, respectively). Radio (71%) was the most cited source for COVID-19 information, followed by social media (63%). After controlling for sociodemographic variables, adaptive regression modelling revealed that survey mode achieved 100% importance for predicting knowledge and practice levels with regard to COVID-19.ConclusionsThe survey population demonstrated moderate COVID-19 knowledge, with significant differences between survey mode and educational level. Correct knowledge of COVID-19 was associated with appropriate practices in Maryland County. Generalisation of survey findings must be drawn carefully owing to the limitations of the sampling methods. Yet, given the differences in knowledge gaps between survey modes, sex, education, occupation and place of residence, it is recommended that information is tailored to different audiences.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitudes and practices and fear of COVID-19 among medical students in Serbia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (06) ◽  
pp. 773-779
Author(s):  
Zorica Terzic-Supic ◽  
Jovana Todorovic ◽  
Milos Bajcetic ◽  
Janko Jankovic ◽  
Milena Santric-Milicevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Sufficient Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Group ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Introduction: The outbreak of the disease caused by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 named COVID-19 has spread throughout the world. The number of registered cases is increasing and almost no country or territory worldwide has been without any COVID-19 patient. The aim of this study was to examine the level of knowledge on the SARS-COv-2 and COVID-19 among medical students and to explore the differences in attitudes, practices and fear of COVID-19 among students with sufficient and students with insufficient knowledge. Methodology: The cross-sectional study among the 1,722 medical students was conducted through an online platform of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade. The instrument used was a questionnaire with sections on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes and practices towards COVID-19 and the Fear of COVID-19 scale. Results: Total of 1576 (91.50%) students were in the sufficient knowledge group. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that there was a significant association between the sufficient knowledge on COVID-19 and female sex (OR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.18-2.45), age (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.02-1.18), considering the preventive measures enforced in Serbia as good (OR = 2.57, 95% CI = 1.18-5.56), wearing the surgical mask outside of the household in the past 14 days (OR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.22-2.87) and score on Fear of COVID-19 scale (OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.91-0.98). Conclusions: Medical students showed good knowledge of COVID-19 and could be a part of the promotion of health education messages as a part of preventive measures.

Perceptions of control and unrealistic optimism in early-phase cancer trials

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn A Jansen ◽  
Daruka Mahadevan ◽  
Paul S Appelbaum ◽  
William M P Klein ◽  
Neil D Weinstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Phase ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Mental Image ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Trial Participation ◽  
Unrealistic Optimism ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Oncology Trial ◽  
Strong Correlate ◽  
The Usa

PurposeRecent research has found unrealistic optimism (UO) among patient-subjects in early-phase oncology trials. Our aim was to investigate the cognitive and motivational factors that evoke this bias in this context. We expected perceptions of control to be a strong correlate of unrealistic optimism.MethodsA study of patient-subjects enrolled in early-phase oncology trials was conducted at two sites in the USA. Respondents completed questionnaires designed to assess unrealistic optimism and several risk attribute variables that have been found to evoke the bias in other contexts.ResultsOne hundred and seventy-one patient-subjects agreed to be interviewed for our study. Significant levels of perceived controllability were found with respect to all nine research-related questions. Perceptions of control were found to predict unrealistic optimism. Two other risk attribute variables, awareness of indicators (p=0.024) and mental image (p=0.022), were correlated with unrealistic optimism. However, in multivariate regression analysis, awareness and mental image dropped out of the model and perceived controllability was the only factor independently associated with unrealistic optimism (p<0.0001).ConclusionPatient-subjects reported that they can, at least partially, control the benefits they receive from participating in an early-phase oncology trial. This sense of control may underlie unrealistic optimism about benefiting personally from trial participation. Effective interventions to counteract unrealistic optimism may need to address the psychological factors that give rise to distorted risk/benefit processing.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Racial Disparities in Children: Protective Mechanisms and Severe Complications Related to MIS-C

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjana Kurup ◽  
Regan Burgess ◽  
Fatou Tine ◽  
Ann Chahroudi ◽  
Dexter L. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Black Communities ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Vaccine Distribution

AbstractA novel coronavirus has resulted in a pandemic with over 176 million confirmed cases and over 3.8 million recorded deaths. In the USA, SARS-CoV-2 infection has a significant burden on minority communities, especially Hispanic and Black communities, which are overrepresented in cases compared to their percentage in the population. SARS-CoV-2 infection can manifest differently in children and adults, with children tending to have less severe disease. A review of current literature was performed to identify the hypothesized protective immune mechanisms in children, and to describe the rare complication of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) that has been documented in children post-SARS-CoV-2 infection. Epidemiologic data and case studies have indicated that children are less susceptible to more severe clinical features of SARS-CoV-2 infection, a finding that may be due to differences in the cytokine response generated by the innate immune system, high amounts of ACE-2 which maintain homeostatic functions by preventing inflammation, and trained immunity acquired from regular vaccinations. Despite these protective mechanisms, children are still susceptible to severe complications, such as MIS-C. The racial disparities seen in MIS-C are extremely apparent, and certain populations are more affected. Most specifically, 33% of MIS-C patients are Hispanic/Latino, and 30% Black. Current studies published on MIS-C do not detail whether certain symptoms are more present in certain racial/ethnic groups. Knowledge of these disparities could assist health care professionals with devising appropriate strategies for post-acute SARS-CoV-2 infection follow-up in children as well as vaccine distribution in specific communities to help slow the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and ultimately reduce the potential for complications such as MIS-C.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward the novel coronavirus among Bangladeshis: Implications for mitigation measures

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. e0238492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alak Paul ◽  
Dwaipayan Sikdar ◽  
Mohammad Mosharraf Hossain ◽  
Md Robed Amin ◽  
Farah Deeba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices
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