A Comparative Study of the Effect of Different Laser Techniques on the Choroidal Thickness

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Islam Naief Abdel Haliem Youssef ◽  
Ayman Abd EL-Moneim El-Said Gaafar ◽  
Abd El-Rahman Gaber Salman ◽  
Reham Fawzy El-Shinawy
Keyword(s):  
Laser Therapy ◽  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
P Value ◽  
Panretinal Photocoagulation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Laser Techniques ◽  
Group B ◽  
Sd Oct

Abstract Background Retinopathy is a common and specific microvascular complication of diabetes. Clinical and experimental findings suggested that choroidal vasculopathy in diabetes may play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) can analyze choroidal structure and histopathological changes in diabetes. Purpose To compare choroidal thickness (CT) before and after panretinal photocoagulation (PRP), modified grid laser (MGP) and combined (panretinal photocoagulation & modified gird laser) using SD-OCT. Design Comparative prospective non-randomized case study, included 30 eyes of 30 patients from both sexes aging from 15 to 60 years. All patients were from Ain-Shams University Hospitals outpatient clinics. Patients were divided into 3 equal groups: Group A Patients with PDR underwent PRP, Group B: Patients with macular edema (ME) underwent MGP, Group C: Patients with PDR&ME underwent combined (PRP & MGP). All cases underwent SD-OCT with CT measurement before and at 1 & 3 Mns after laser therapy with assessment of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Results Mean age of participant was 50.83 ± 5.34 (SD). The mean CT in group A at baseline was 329.00 ± 36.08 μm (SD). This was increased to 336.40 ± 35.64 μm at 1 month then was decreased to 309.10 ± 38.87 μm at 3 Mns after laser therapy. This was showed highly statistically significant difference (P-value = 0.000). In group B the CT at baseline was 328.90 ± 19.69 μm. This was decreased to 313.90 ± 17.83 μm & 288.90 ± 23.10 μm after 1 & 3 months respectively with highly statistically significant difference (P-value = 0.000). While in group C the mean CT at baseline 329.80 ± 21.06 μm. This was decreased to 318.10 ± 19.25 μm, 300.40 ± 17.98 μm at 1 & 3 months after combined laser respectively. This was showed highly statistically significant difference (P-value = 0.000). There was no statistically significant difference between the studied groups regarding preoperative and postoperative (after 1&3 Mns) CT. There was no statistically significant difference observed between the studied groups regarding preoperative BCVA (P-value = 0.437). While P-value showing highly statistically significant difference between the studied groups regarding postoperative BCVA (P-value = 0.000). Conclusion The Choroidal thickness decreased in all 3 studied groups; suggesting that all laser techniques may reduce choroidal vascular permeability or cause atrophy of choroidal vessels over a 12-week period.

Effect of Distributed Versus Massed Practice on Reaction Time in Collegiate Volleyball Players: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiran Negi ◽  
SD Shahanawaz ◽  
Priya Chauhan ◽  
Basudeo Rajbhor
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Distributed Practice ◽  
P Value ◽  
Massed Practice ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Introduction: Reaction Time (RT) is the time taken by an individual to respond to external stimuli. It is one of the most important determinant ability in sports like Volleyball. Shorter RT leads to higher performance and success in Volleyball. Two types of training methods, massed and distributed practice have been used in researches to improve RT and other sports related skills in sports. In massed practice, there is persistent workout with hardly any rest periods even of minimal time period relative to the work interval while in distributed practice; it is interspersed with rest or other skill learning. There are mixed evidences on effectiveness of these practice methods which has led to the present study. Aim: To find the effect of distributed practice and massed practice in terms of RT among collegiate volleyball players. Materials and Methods: The study design was quasi-experimental pilot study that was conducted at the volleyball academy Gurugram, Haryana, India from September 2019 to December 2019. A total of 30 players, aged 18-22 years, from college volleyball team were invited to participate in the study. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups. Group A received massed practice (n=15), and group B received distributed practice (n=15) for 40 minutes, four days a week for four weeks. Players who were practicing daily for one hour were included in this study and they were excluded if they had any condition that limited their participation in the study or if they are suffering from any type of orthopaedic or neurological illness. RT was measured using Ruler Drop Test (RDT) and Red Light Green Light Test (RLGL). Data was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 for statistical analysis. Results: The mean pre and post data of Group A, for RDT was 0.16 and 0.12 seconds, respectively; of Group B, it was 0.16 and 0.13. The mean pre and post data of Group A for RLGL was 0.42 and 0.38 seconds, respectively; Group B data for RLGL pre and post was 0.39 and 0.37 seconds, respectively. Both the groups showed significant improvement in scores of RDT (p-value for Group A=0.01, Group B=0.05) and RLGL (p-value for Group A=0.01, Group B=0.01) measured by the paired sample t-test (p<0.05). But there was no significant difference in between group analysis measured by independent sample t-test (p>0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that both massed and distributed practice was helpful in improving RT of collegiate volleyball players. As there was no significant difference between the two groups, consequently which practice method is superior in improving RT in collegiate volleyball players could not be stated.

Dexamethasone Versus Ondansetron in Preventing Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting In Laparoscopic Surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-226
Author(s):  
Anum Malik ◽  
Arshad Shahani ◽  
Jawad Zahir ◽  
Hassam Zulfiqar ◽  
Tabassum Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Nausea ◽  
Postoperative Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
P Value ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Objective: To compare the efficacy of dexamethasone 8mg versus ondansetron 4mg in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy Methodology: This quasi-experimental study was conducted at the Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Holy Family Hospital from 29th July 2018 to 28th January 2019.  Anesthesia was induced with propofol (2mg/kg IV) and Atracurium (0.5 mg/kg IV) was given to facilitate tracheal intubation. Nalbuphine (0.2mg/kg) was used as analgesic.Patients were randomly divided into two groups. Patients in Group A received 4mg ondansetron at end of surgery and Group B received 8mg dexamethasone at induction. Results: A total of 90 patients were included according to the inclusion criteria of the study. The mean age (years) in the study was 37.11+10.60 years. Frequency and percentage of nausea (up to 24 hours) among both the groups was 28 (62.2) and 28 (62.2) respectively (p-value = 1.0) while the frequency and percentage of vomiting (within 24 hours after extubation) was 28 (62.2) and 27 (60.0) respectively (p-value = 0.829) Conclusion: The study concluded that there was no significant difference dexamethasone and ondansetron in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting.

scholarly journals DERMAL PAPILLAE;

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayesha Baqar
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Dermal Papillae

Introduction: To study and compare the changes in the height of dermal papillae in the skin of different age groups in a segment of Pakistani population. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Period: Five months, from July 2010 to November 2010. Setting: Anatomy Department, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi. Materials & Method: Sixty volunteers of both sexes, after fulfilling the inclusion criteria, participated in this cross sectional study. They all gave written informed consent. They were divided into three equal groups according to their ages, Group A ranged in age from 18 – 29 years, Group B from 30 – 49 years, and Group C > 50 years. Punch biopsies were taken from the sun protected upper arm skin, from all volunteers, after giving local anaesthesia. Samples were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. They were observed under light microscope. Height of dermal papillae was measured at three random sites in each sample and mean was taken.The mean of all three groups was compared with each other and data was analyzed. Results: The mean of each sample was taken and then final mean of each group was calculated. They were then compared with each other. The mean height of dermal papillae of group A was 98.667µm, that of group B was 83.333µm and the mean height of dermal papillae in group C was 47.33µm. There was significant difference between the three groups and ‘p’-value was less than 0.5. Conclusion: At the end of this study, it was concluded that, the height of dermal papillae reduces significantly with age.

scholarly journals A comparative evaluation of analgesic effects of using intravenous paracetamol versus intravenous diclofenac post-operatively in laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients in SMIH, department of surgery, Dehradun

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1716
Author(s):  
Anurag Bijalwan ◽  
Pradeep Singhal ◽  
Syed Altamash
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Analgesic Efficacy ◽  
Early Mobilization ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Background: Post-operative adequate analgesia plays an important role in early mobilization, short hospital stay and patient satisfaction in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The use of opioids for providing postoperative analgesia has been marked by side effects like vomiting, nausea, sedation, respiratory distress, etc. hence, alternate drugs like paracetamol (PCM) and diclofenac are commonly used. In this study, we have compared the analgesic efficacy and any associated side effects of the two commonly used non-opioid NSAIDS namely paracetamol and diclofenac.Methods: We compared 50 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy in ASA I and II. They were randomly divided into two groups, Group A and Group B. Group A was administered intravenous PCM and Group B was administered injection diclofenac sodium. Postoperatively, these patients were assessed for pain, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and presence of any side effects like nausea, vomiting or any respiratory discomfort.Results: The mean DBP, MAP and VAS score was significantly (p-value <0.05) in Group A as compared to Group B patients at 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours postoperatively. There was no statistically significant difference in mean SBP and O2 saturation in both groups. The mean pulse rate was lower in Group A as compared to Group B at 8, 12 and 24 hours.Conclusions: This study concluded that postoperative PCM infusion provided better analgesia for a prolonged period of time with minimal side effects. 

Change in Hemoglobin with Androgen and Low Dose Erythropoietin Versus Erythropoietin Alone in Patients of Anemia of Chronic Kidney Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 3296-3298
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abdul Azim Baig ◽  
Ishtiaq Alam ◽  
Faheem Usman Sulehri ◽  
Irfana Hassan ◽  
Aliya Jafri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
P Value ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Objectives: To determine the mean rise in hemoglobin with androgen and low dose erythropoietin versus erythropoietin alone in patients of anemia of chronic kidney disease. Methodology: A randomized control trial was conducted at a tertiary care hospital between October 2019 to April 2020. Both male and female from age >17years to 70 years with anemia of CKD as per operational definition were included. Patients with a history of blood transfusion in the last three months. Patients already on Erythropoietin therapy or those with uncontrolled hypertension BP >190/105 mm Hg at the time of study were excluded. Relevant data including demographic details, baseline hemoglobin was noted. Patients were randomly assigned to group A or group B by lottery method. Patients in group A were given 100mg of androgen (Nandrolone Decanoate) intramuscularly once weekly plus low dose of erythropoietin (2000 units twice weekly) subcutaneously for 6 months and patients in group B were given standard dose of erythropoietin (4000 units twice weekly) subcutaneously for 6 months. Rise in hemoglobin was recorded as per operational definition. Follow up was ensured by taking telephone contact. Data was recorded on pre-designed proforma. Results: Mean Hb levels after treatment were calculated as 12.48+1.20 in Group-A and 11.12+1.32 in Group-B, p value was calculated as 0.0001 showing a significant difference between the two groups, comparison of mean increase in Hb levels after treatment were calculated as 3.0+0.09 in Group-A and 1.72+0.67 in Group-B, p value was calculated as 0.0001 showing a significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: We concluded that there was significantly greater rise in the mean hemoglobin with androgen plus low dose erythropoietin as compared to erythropoietin alone in treatment of anemia of chronic kidney disease. Nevertheless, further large-scale and multi-center studies will be needed to further explore the long-term efficacy and adverse effects of androgens among patients of anemia of chronic kidney disease. Keywords: Chronic kidney disease, anemia, androgen and low dose erythropoietin versus erythropoietin alone, mean increase

Effectiveness of Laser Therapy and Ultrasound Therapy along with Muscle Energy Technique in subjects with Trapezitis

2021 ◽  
pp. 116-120
Author(s):  
K. Kotteeswaran ◽  
Syed Gaffar ◽  
Krishna. R ◽  
Keerthana Priya. R.
Keyword(s):  
Laser Therapy ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Neck Disability Index ◽  
Ultrasound Therapy ◽  
Muscle Energy Technique ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Muscle Energy ◽  
Group B ◽  
Neck Disability

Aim: To find the effectiveness of laser therapy and ultrasound therapy along with muscle energy technique in treatment of Trapezitis. Materials and Methods: Non-equivalent quasi experimental study design was used in this study. Total of 30 subjects with trapezitis were selected using non probability convenient sampling technique.30 Subjects was divided into two groups by lot system. Group A received laser therapy and Group B received ultrasound therapy and for both the group muscle energy technique was given. The outcome measures are Neck Disability Index (NDI) for measuring Functional Disability. Data collected and tabulated was statistically analyzed. Result: Statistical analysis of post-test, Neck Disability Index (NDI) revealed that there is statistically significant difference seen between Group A and Group B. Conclusion: From the result, it has been concluded that Laser therapy with muscle energy technique (Group A) was more effective than Ultrasound therapy with muscle energy technique (Group B) on improving functional ability in subjects with Trapezitis.

scholarly journals Comparison Between With Kirschner-wires Only And Combined Screw Fixation in Proximal Reverse Chevron osteotomy(PCMO) For Hallux Valgus Deformity

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 2473011417S0002
Author(s):  
Hwa Jun Kang ◽  
Hong-Geun Jung ◽  
Jong-Soo Lee ◽  
Sungwook Kim ◽  
Mao Yuan Sun
Keyword(s):  
Hallux Valgus ◽  
Screw Fixation ◽  
Fixation Method ◽  
Kirschner Wires ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Severe Hallux Valgus

Category: Bunion Introduction/Purpose: Kirschner-wires fixation, sometimes we have encountered pin irritation or pull-out. This is the reason why we consider additional fixation. Moreover, there are few reports according to comparison of fixation method, and Most of them focused on comparison K-wires or screw fixation only. Purpose of study is to compare clinical and radiographic outcome between Kirschner-wires only and combined screw fixation. Methods: The study included two different groups according to fixation methods. One with Kirschner-wires fixation (KW group) included 117 feet(of 98 patients), the other with combined screw fixation (KWS group) 56 feet (of 40 patients) with moderate to severe hallux valgus. Clinically, the preoperative and final follow-up visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores, the preoperative and final follow-up American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) hallux metatarsophalangeal (MTP)-interphalangeal (IP) scores, and patient satisfaction after the surgery were evaluated. Radiographically, the hallux valgus angle (HVA), intermetatarsal angle (IMA), medial sesamoid position (MSP), and first to fifth metatarsal width (1-5MTW) were analyzed before and after surgery. Results: The mean AOFAS score improved preoperative 65.5 to 95.3 at final follow up in group A, while preoperative 56.5 to 88.6 at final follow up. Pain VAS decreased from 5.7 to 0.5 in group A, whereas from 6.2 to 1.6 in group B. The mean HVA all improved from preoperative 38.5 to 9.3 at final follow up in group A and 34.7 to 9.1 in group B. The mean IMA and MSP also improved significantly at final follow up. In comparative analysis, the IMA did not show significant difference between postoperative and final state in group A, while showed significant increase in group B. Conclusion: We achieved favorable clinical and radiographic outcomes with minimal complications in patient with moderate to severe hallux valgus in both groups. However, this study shows no statistically significant difference in IMA during follow-up period and lower recurrence rate. Therefore we need to consider combined fixation method to provide better stability and can expect lower recurrence rate.

scholarly journals Comparison between scalpel incision and electrocautery incision in midline abdominal surgery: a comparative study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1507
Author(s):  
Amit Yadav ◽  
Lakshman Agarwal ◽  
Sumit A. Jain ◽  
Sanjay Kumawat ◽  
Sandeep Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Abdominal Surgery ◽  
Wound Infection ◽  
Skin Incision ◽  
P Value ◽  
Wound Area ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: Fear of poor wound healing have curtailed the use of diathermy for making skin incision. Scalpel produces little damage to surrounding tissue but causing more blood loss. Our aim of study was to compare electrocautery incision with scalpel incision in terms of incision time, blood loss, postoperative pain and wound infection.Methods: Total of 104 patients were included in the study undergoing midline abdominal surgery. Patients were randomized into electrocautery (group A) and scalpel (group B). The incision dimension, incision time and blood loss were noted intraoperatively. Postoperative pain was noted on postoperative day 2 using visual analog scale. Wound complications were recorded on every postoperative day till the patient was discharged.Results: 52 patients in each of the two groups were analyzed. There was significant difference found between group A and group B in terms of mean incision time per unit wound area, 8.16±1.59 s\cm2 and 11.02±1.72 s\cm2 respectively (p value=0.0001). The mean blood loss per unit wound area was found to be significantly lower in group A (0.31±0.04 ml\cm2) as compared to group B (1.21±0.21), p value=0.0001. There was no significant difference noted in terms of postoperative pain and wound infection between both groups.Conclusions: Electrocautery can be considered safe in making skin incision in midline laparotomy compared to scalpel incision with comparable postoperative pain and wound infection with less intraoperative blood loss and less time consuming.

scholarly journals INTRAVENOUS REGIONAL ANESTHESIA (BIERS BLOCK);

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (05) ◽  
pp. 710-714
Author(s):  
Muhammad ASGHER ◽  
ASIM GHAURI ◽  
MUHAMMAD ABDULLAH ◽  
Tariq Abassi
Keyword(s):  
Regional Anaesthesia ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Complete Evaluation ◽  
Intravenous Regional Anesthesia ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Intravenous Regional Anaesthesia

Objective: To compare the analgesic effects of combination of 0.5% Lidocaine plus Ketorolac in intravenous regionalanaesthesia technique with those of Lidocaine (0.5%) alone to prevent post operative pain after intravenous regional anaesthesia (Biersblock). Study design: Randomized Control Trial. Place and duration of study: The study was carried out at Department of Anaesthesiology,Intensive Care and pain management, Combined Military hospital, Rawalpindi from July 2008 to February 2009. Patients and Methods: Thestudy was conducted after complete evaluation of risk / benefit ratio to the patients. On the basis of random number method the patients weredivided into two equal groups (group A and group B). The number of patients in each group was 75. Group A was assigned Lidocaine in a dose of200mg 40ml of 0.5% solution and group B was assigned injection Ketorolac 30mg added to Lidocaine in a dose of 200mg 40ml of 0.5% solution.The patients were kept in post anaesthesia care unit for two hours and pain intensity was measured by visual analogue scale(VAS) on 15,30minutes,1hour, 1.5 and at 2 hours after the cuff deflation. The analgesic efficacy recorded on the basis of visual analog scale of two groups, wascompared using student’s t - test. p value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In group A 33 males and 42 femaleswere enrolled for the study while in group B there were 38 males and 37 females. The mean age of the patients in group A was 34.31 ± 6.03years while in group B was 32.99 ± 6.08 years. Patients were also classified according to ASA classification in which 87 patients were classifiedas ASA – I and 63 patients as ASA – II. Group B which received Ketorolac in addition to Lidocaine for Bier’s block had low visual analogue scoresas compared to group A which received only Lidocaine for Bier’s block. P values obtained after the comparison of the mean VAS of two groupsat 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 1.5 hours and 2 hours were all less than 0.05 (0.002 for 15 minutes, 0.004 for 30 minutes, 0.001 for 1 hour,0.004 for 1.5 hours and 0.001 for 2 hours). Conclusions: Ketorolac improves the postoperative analgesia markedly when used with Lidocainein intravenous regional anaesthesia.

scholarly journals Comparison of Recovery Time of Propofol and Midazolam with Propofol Alone for Sedation in Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1024-1027
Author(s):  
Asma Samreen ◽  
Aamir Waseem ◽  
Muhammad Azam ◽  
Itrat Hussain Kazmi ◽  
Aamir Bashir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
P Value ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Endoscopic Retrograde ◽  
Intravenous Anesthetic ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: Procedural sedation is required for multiple short duration procedures outside of the operating rooms especially in radiology and endoscopy suites. Intravenous anesthetic agent with rapid recovery profile is desirable in such circumstances. This study aims to compare two regimens of intravenous anesthetic agents. Aim: To compare the mean recovery time of propofol and midazolam with propofol alone for sedation in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Settings: Department of Anesthesia, Shalamar Hospital, Lahore. Study Duration: June 2017 to December 2017. Methods: A total of 70 adult patients aged 20-60 years undergoing ERCP under sedation were included. Patients were given a combination of propofol and midazolam in group A while propofol alone was given in group B. After procedure, pts were transferred to recovery room and were followed for assessment of recovery time. Data were analyzed in SPSS vr 21, Independent t-test was applied & p-value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Significant difference was found in mean recovery time amongst both the groups. Mean recovery time in Group A (propofol and midazolam) was 19.29±4.50 minutes while in Group B (propofol alone) was 26.66±3.70 minutes showing statistically significant result with p-value = 0.0001. Conclusion: We conclude that mean recovery time with propofol plus midazolam is shorter as compared to propofol alone for sedation in ERCP. Keywords: Propofol, midazolam, sedation outside operation theatre.

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