Long-term exposure to mobile communication radiation: an analysis of time-variability of electric field level in GSM900 downlink channels

2012 ◽  
Vol 154 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Miclaus ◽  
P. Bechet ◽  
M. Gheorghevici
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Field Level ◽  
Downlink Channels

scholarly journals The JPL 1986–3 Extragalactic Reference Frame

1988 ◽  
Vol 133 ◽  
pp. 461-464
Author(s):  
O.J. Sovers ◽  
C.D. Edwards ◽  
C.S. Jacobs ◽  
G.E. Lanyi ◽  
R.N. Treuhaft
Keyword(s):  
Rotation Axis ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Radio Sources ◽  
Dual Frequency ◽  
Deep Space Network ◽  
Space Network ◽  
Celestial Sphere ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Comparable Quality

Intercontinental dual-frequency radio interferometric measurements were carried out during 1978 to 1985 between NASA's Deep Space Network stations in California, Spain, and Australia. Analysis of 6800 pairs of delay and delay rate observations made during 51 sessions produced a catalog of positions of 106 extragalactic radio sources, fairly uniformly distributed over the celestial sphere between −45° and +85° declination. Almost all of the resulting source positions have formal uncertainties between 0.5 and 3 milliarcseconds, with their distributions peaking somewhat below 1 mas. Root-mean-square uncertainties are 2.1 and 2.0 mas for RA and declination, respectively. Evidence is found for a long-term drift of the Earth's rotation axis in inertial space, relative to the 1984 IAU precession and nutation models. Tests for time variability of positions of 32 frequently observed sources place limits at the 1 mas/yr level. Comparisons with independently determined source catalogs of comparable quality show differences of positions of common sources that amount to a few mas, and may indicate the level of systematic errors in VLBI source position measurements.

scholarly journals F-centers mechanism of long-term relaxation in lead zirconate-titanate based piezoelectric ceramics. 2. After-field relaxation

2016 ◽  
Vol 06 (03) ◽  
pp. 1650019 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Ishchuk ◽  
D. V. Kuzenko
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Oxygen Vacancies ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Relaxation Processes ◽  
Logarithmic Function ◽  
External Effects ◽  
Dc Electric Field

The paper presents results of experimental study of the dielectric constant relaxation during aging process in Pb(Zr,Ti)O3based solid solutions (PZT) after action of external DC electric field. The said process is a long-term one and is described by the logarithmic function of time. Reversible and nonreversible relaxation process takes place depending on the field intensity. The relaxation rate depends on the field strength also, and the said dependence has nonlinear and nonmonotonic form, if external field leads to domain disordering. The oxygen vacancies-based model for description of the long-term relaxation processes is suggested. The model takes into account the oxygen vacancies on the sample's surface ends, their conversion into [Formula: see text]- and [Formula: see text]-centers under external effects and subsequent relaxation of these centers into the simple oxygen vacancies after the action termination. [Formula: see text]-centers formation leads to the violation of the original sample's electroneutrality, and generate intrinsic DC electric field into the sample. Relaxation of [Formula: see text]-centers is accompanied by the reduction of the electric field, induced by them, and relaxation of the dielectric constant, as consequent effect.

Crystalline Electric Field Level Scheme of the Non‐Centrosymmetric CePtSi3

2018 ◽  
Vol 536 ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
Daichi Ueta ◽  
Tomohiro Kobuke ◽  
Masahiro Yoshida ◽  
Hideki Yoshizawa ◽  
Yoichi Ikeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Level Scheme ◽  
Crystalline Electric Field ◽  
Field Level

scholarly journals Assessment of short/long term electric field strength measurements for a pilot district

Open Physics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Cetin Kurnaz ◽  
Dogan Yildiz ◽  
Serap Karagol
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Field Strength ◽  
Cellular Systems ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Day By Day

Abstract The level of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) exposure increases day by day as natural consequences of technological developments. In recent years, the increasing use of cellular systems has made it necessary to measure and evaluate EMR originating from base stations. In this study, broadband and band selective electric field strength (E) measurements were taken at four different times in order to evaluate the change of short term E in Atakum district of Samsun, Turkey. The measurements were collected from 46 different locations using a SRM 3006 and a PMM 8053 EMR meter in a band from 100 kHz to 3 GHz, and the maximum E (Emax) and the average E (Eavg) were recorded. The highest values have been noticed in these measurements at 9.45 V/m and 17.53 V/m for Eavg and Emax respectively. Apart from these measurements, 24 hour long term E measurements were taken at a location where the highest value was observed and analyzed, to observe the change of Es during a day. At the end of the study, a tentative mathematical model that helps in computing the total E of the medium with 95% accuracy, was obtained.

Cable effective length model error-based bridge performance warning method under thermal action

2021 ◽  
pp. 136943322110480
Author(s):  
Yan Wang ◽  
Dong-Hui Yang ◽  
Yu-Zheng Zhou ◽  
Ting-Hua Yi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Action ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Effective Length ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Long Span ◽  
The North ◽  
Static Responses ◽  
Bridge Performance ◽  
The Relationship

The cables of long-span cable-stayed bridges are subjected to substantial tension during long-term service and are more susceptible to corrosion and fatigue failure than concrete structures. Most existing structural health monitoring (SHM) systems do not have monitoring equipment to directly measure cable length, and long-term monitoring of the change in cables is less involved. The displacement response of a bridge is induced by the combination of dynamic effects (wind and highways) and quasi-static effects (temperature). In this paper, the dynamic responses were eliminated by averaging the displacement data for 10 min, and the relationship between temperature and displacement was studied. Based on the monitoring data, the distribution of the thermal field for the bridge was studied and the time variability of the tower displacement was investigated. The correlation was analyzed to study the relationship between the temperature and the tower displacements, the north tower–south tower distance and the tower–girder distances. A strong linear relationship between the temperature and quasi-static responses of the displacements was observed. The thermal expansion coefficient of the effective length of cables was proposed as a quantitative index for long-term cable monitoring. The error in the cable effective length is proposed as the warning index for performance warning research. The results show that the proposed performance warning method can monitor cables and perform warnings when the cable is damaged.

Energy-Efficient Design of LTE Systems

2019 ◽  
pp. 84-96
Author(s):  
Saurabh Dixit ◽  
Himanshu Katiyar ◽  
Arun Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Cellular Network ◽  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Data Usage ◽  
Backward Compatibility ◽  
Energy Efficient Design

There has been a paradigm shift in the field of mobile communication, with an overwhelming increase in data usage. As more and more users are migrating to smartphones, the amount of data being transmitted has increased. However, huge amounts of data and signal propagation are bound to be detrimental to the ecological balance. Long-term evolution (LTE), due to its flexibility and backward compatibility, has emerged as the network of choice for 4G and beyond. In this chapter, the significance of core technologies for LTE network is highlighted, along with the inherent advantage of reducing the energy consumption of cellular network. An energy-efficient design of LTE is proposed that blends the technologies proposed by 3GPP such as adaptive OFDMA with that of MU-MIMO.

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