scholarly journals Brain activation during the observation of real soccer game situations predicts creative goal scoring

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Rominger ◽  
Karl Koschutnig ◽  
Daniel Memmert ◽  
Ilona Papousek ◽  
Corinna M Perchtold-Stefan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Angular Gyrus ◽  
Creative Task ◽  
Soccer Game

Abstract Creativity is an important source of success in soccer players. In order to be effective in soccer, unpredictable, sudden and at the same time creative (i.e. unique, original and effective) ideas are required in situations with high time pressure. Accordingly, creative task performance in soccer should be primarily driven by rapid and automatic cognitive processes. This study investigated if functional patterns of brain activation during the observation/encoding of real soccer game situations can predict creative soccer task performance. A machine learning approach (multivariate pattern recognition) was applied in a sample of 35 experienced male soccer players. The results revealed that brain activation during the observation of the soccer scenes significantly predicted creative soccer task performance, while brain activation during the subsequent ideation/elaboration period did not. The identified brain network included areas such as the angular gyrus, the supramarginal gyrus, the occipital cortex, parts of the cerebellum and (left) supplementary motor areas, which are important for semantic information processing, memory retrieval, integration of sensory information and motor control. This finding suggests that early and presumably automatized neurocognitive processes, such as (implicit) knowledge about motor movements, and the rapid integration of information from different sources are important for creative task performance in soccer.

Childhood trauma is associated with increased brain responses to emotionally negative as compared with positive faces in patients with psychotic disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 669-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Aas ◽  
K. Kauppi ◽  
C. L. Brandt ◽  
M. Tesli ◽  
T. Kaufmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Negativity Bias ◽  
Angular Gyrus ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ◽  
Brain Responses

BackgroundChildhood trauma increases risk of a range of mental disorders including psychosis. Whereas the mechanisms are unclear, previous evidence has implicated atypical processing of emotions among the core cognitive models, in particular suggesting altered attentional allocation towards negative stimuli and increased negativity bias. Here, we tested the association between childhood trauma and brain activation during emotional face processing in patients diagnosed with psychosis continuum disorders. In particular, we tested if childhood trauma was associated with the differentiation in brain responses between negative and positive face stimuli. We also tested if trauma was associated with emotional ratings of negative and positive faces.MethodWe included 101 patients with a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) schizophrenia spectrum or bipolar spectrum diagnosis. History of childhood trauma was obtained using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Brain activation was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging during presentation of faces with negative or positive emotional expressions. After the scanner session, patients performed emotional ratings of the same faces.ResultsHigher levels of total childhood trauma were associated with stronger differentiation in brain responses to negative compared with positive faces in clusters comprising the right angular gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus and the lateral occipital cortex (Cohen's d = 0.72–0.77). In patients with schizophrenia, childhood trauma was associated with reporting negative faces as more negative, and positive faces as less positive (Cohen's d > 0.8).ConclusionsAlong with the observed negativity bias in the assessment of emotional valence of faces, our data suggest stronger differentiation in brain responses between negative and positive faces with higher levels of trauma.

Neurophysiological and behavioral indices of time pressure effects on visuomotor task performance

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M Slobounov ◽  
K Fukada ◽  
R Simon ◽  
M Rearick ◽  
W Ray
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Pressure Effects ◽  
Behavioral Indices ◽  
Visuomotor Task

scholarly journals Different Brain Network Activations Induced by Modulation and Nonmodulation Laser Acupuncture

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Wei Hsieh ◽  
Jih-Huah Wu ◽  
Chao-Hsien Hsieh ◽  
Qwa-Fun Wang ◽  
Jyh-Horng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Laser Acupuncture ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Left Frontal Lobe ◽  
External Stimulation ◽  
Acupuncture Stimulation

The aim of this study is to compare the distinct cerebral activation with continued wave (CW) and 10 Hz-modulated wave (MW) stimulation during low-level laser acupuncture. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies were performed to investigate the possible mechanism during laser acupuncture stimulation at the left foot's yongquan (K1) acupoint. There are 12 healthy right-handed volunteers for each type of laser stimulation (10-Hz-Modulated wave: 8 males and 4 females; continued wave: 9 males and 3 females). The analysis of multisubjects in this experiment was applied by random-effect (RFX) analysis. In CW groups, significant activations were found within the inferior parietal lobule, the primary somatosensory cortex, and the precuneus of left parietal lobe. Medial and superior frontal gyrus of left frontal lobe were also aroused. In MW groups, significant activations were found within the primary motor cortex and middle temporal gyrus of left hemisphere and bilateral cuneus. Placebo stimulation did not show any activation. Most activation areas were involved in the functions of memory, attention, and self-consciousness. The results showed the cerebral hemodynamic responses of two laser acupuncture stimulation modes and implied that its mechanism was not only based upon afferent sensory information processing, but that it also had the hemodynamic property altered during external stimulation.

Evoked Potential: Use in Screening of Hearing and Vision

1982 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-98
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Light Flash ◽  
Electrical Response ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Small Children ◽  
Refractive Correction ◽  
Potential Use

An evoked potential (EP) is the electrical response of the CNS to an external stimulus. Each EP may be represented as a sequence of waves, the amplitude and length of which reflect the conduction and processing of sensory information through the CNS. Visual, auditory, and somatic EP are used clinically in pediatrics. Visual evoked potentials are the responses recorded from the occipital cortex of the scalp near the primary visual cortex to a stroboscopic light flash. The occipital potential orginates in the retina. This study can be used to assess the functional integrity of the visual system. Visual acuity can be assessed using refractive correction to enhance the amplitude of the recorded response in small children.

scholarly journals Longitudinal changes in brain activation during anticipation of monetary loss in bipolar disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (16) ◽  
pp. 2781-2788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Manelis ◽  
Richelle Stiffler ◽  
Jeanette C. Lockovich ◽  
Jorge R. C. Almeida ◽  
Haris A. Aslam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Emotional Arousal ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Longitudinal Changes ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cue Processing

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with bipolar disorder (BD) show aberrant brain activation patterns during reward and loss anticipation. We examined for the first time longitudinal changes in brain activation during win and loss anticipation to identify trait markers of aberrant anticipatory processing in BD.MethodsThirty-four euthymic and depressed individuals with BD-I and 17 healthy controls (HC) were scanned using functional magnetic resonance imaging twice 6 months apart during a reward task.ResultsHC, but not individuals with BD, showed longitudinal reductions in the right lateral occipital cortex (RLOC) activation during processing of cues predicting possible money loss (p-corrected <0.05). This result was not affected by psychotropic medication, mood state or the changes in depression/mania severity between the two scans in BD. Elevated symptoms of subthreshold hypo/mania at baseline predicted more aberrant longitudinal patterns of RLOC activation explaining 12.5% of variance in individuals with BD.ConclusionsIncreased activation in occipital cortex during negative outcome anticipation may be related to elevated negative emotional arousal during anticipatory cue processing. One interpretation is that, unlike HC, individuals with BD were not able to learn at baseline that monetary losses were smaller than monetary gains and were not able to reduce emotional arousal for negative cues 6 months later. Future research in BD should examine how modulating occipital cortical activation affects learning from experience in individuals with BD.

scholarly journals Algebra dissociates from arithmetic in the brain semantic network

2022 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dazhi Cheng ◽  
Mengyi Li ◽  
Jiaxin Cui ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Naiyi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Semantic Network ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Angular Gyrus ◽  
Single Trial ◽  
Positive Functional ◽  
Brain Behavior ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background Mathematical expressions mainly include arithmetic (such as 8 − (1 + 3)) and algebra (such as a − (b + c)). Previous studies have shown that both algebraic processing and arithmetic involved the bilateral parietal brain regions. Although previous studies have revealed that algebra was dissociated from arithmetic, the neural bases of the dissociation between algebraic processing and arithmetic is still unclear. The present study uses functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to identify the specific brain networks for algebraic and arithmetic processing. Methods Using fMRI, this study scanned 30 undergraduates and directly compared the brain activation during algebra and arithmetic. Brain activations, single-trial (item-wise) interindividual correlation and mean-trial interindividual correlation related to algebra processing were compared with those related to arithmetic. The functional connectivity was analyzed by a seed-based region of interest (ROI)-to-ROI analysis. Results Brain activation analyses showed that algebra elicited greater activation in the angular gyrus and arithmetic elicited greater activation in the bilateral supplementary motor area, left insula, and left inferior parietal lobule. Interindividual single-trial brain-behavior correlation revealed significant brain-behavior correlations in the semantic network, including the middle temporal gyri, inferior frontal gyri, dorsomedial prefrontal cortices, and left angular gyrus, for algebra. For arithmetic, the significant brain-behavior correlations were located in the phonological network, including the precentral gyrus and supplementary motor area, and in the visuospatial network, including the bilateral superior parietal lobules. For algebra, significant positive functional connectivity was observed between the visuospatial network and semantic network, whereas for arithmetic, significant positive functional connectivity was observed only between the visuospatial network and phonological network. Conclusion These findings suggest that algebra relies on the semantic network and conversely, arithmetic relies on the phonological and visuospatial networks.

Dynamics of functional connectivity in multilayer cortical brain network during sensory information processing

2019 ◽  
Vol 228 (11) ◽  
pp. 2381-2389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikita S. Frolov ◽  
Vladimir A. Maksimenko ◽  
Marina V. Khramova ◽  
Alexander N. Pisarchik ◽  
Alexander E. Hramov
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Sensory Information Processing

scholarly journals Patterns of brain activation in foster children and nonmaltreated children during an inhibitory control task

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (4pt1) ◽  
pp. 931-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Bruce ◽  
Philip A. Fisher ◽  
Alice M. Graham ◽  
William E. Moore ◽  
Shannon J. Peake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Foster Children ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Behavioral Performance ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Children In Foster Care ◽  
Lingual Gyrus ◽  
The Right

AbstractChildren in foster care have often encountered a range of adverse experiences, including neglectful and/or abusive care and multiple caregiver transitions. Prior research findings suggest that such experiences negatively affect inhibitory control and the underlying neural circuitry. In the current study, event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging was employed during a go/no go task that assesses inhibitory control to compare the behavioral performance and brain activation of foster children and nonmaltreated children. The sample included two groups of 9- to 12-year-old children: 11 maltreated foster children and 11 nonmaltreated children living with their biological parents. There were no significant group differences on behavioral performance on the task. In contrast, patterns of brain activation differed by group. The nonmaltreated children demonstrated stronger activation than did the foster children across several regions, including the right anterior cingulate cortex, the middle frontal gyrus, and the right lingual gyrus, during correct no go trials, whereas the foster children displayed stronger activation than the nonmaltreated children in the left inferior parietal lobule and the right superior occipital cortex, including the lingual gyrus and cuneus, during incorrect no go trials. These results provide preliminary evidence that the early adversity experienced by foster children impacts the neural substrates of inhibitory control.

Childhood Trauma and Structural and Functional Brain Mechanisms Linked to Psychopathology

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S28-S29
Author(s):  
M. Aas
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Structural Mri ◽  
Negativity Bias ◽  
Angular Gyrus ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ◽  
Cohen’S D ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Cohen's D

BackgroundChildhood trauma increases the risk of a range of mental disorders including psychosis. Whereas the mechanisms are unclear, previous evidence has implicated atypical processing of emotions among the core cognitive models, in particular suggesting altered attentional allocation towards negative stimuli and an increased negativity bias. Here we tested if childhood trauma was associated with differentiation in brain responses to negative and positive stimuli. We also tested if trauma was associated with emotional ratings of negative and positive faces.MethodsWe included 101 patients with a DSM schizophrenia spectrum or bipolar spectrum diagnosis. History of childhood trauma was obtained using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Brain activation was measured with functional MRI during presentation of faces with negative or positive emotional expressions. After the scanner session, patients performed emotional ratings of the same faces. Structural MRI was also measured.ResultsHigher levels of childhood trauma were associated with stronger differentiation in brain responses to negative compared to positive faces in clusters comprising the right angular gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, and the lateral occipital cortex (Cohen's d = 0.72-0.77). In patients with schizophrenia, childhood trauma was associated with reporting negative faces as more negative, and positive faces as less positive (Cohen's d > 0.8).ConclusionsAlong with the observed negativity bias in the assessment of emotional valence of faces, our data suggest stronger differentiation in brain responses between negative and positive faces in patients with childhood trauma.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

A soccer game analysis of two World Cups: playing behavior between elite female and male soccer players

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Althoff ◽  
Janina Kroiher ◽  
Ewald M. Hennig
Keyword(s):  
Soccer Players ◽  
Game Analysis ◽  
Soccer Game
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