scholarly journals Multiple Network Dysconnectivity in Adolescents with Psychotic Experiences: A Longitudinal Population-Based Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1608-1618
Author(s):  
Aisling O’Neill ◽  
Eleanor Carey ◽  
Niamh Dooley ◽  
Colm Healy ◽  
Helen Coughlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Neuroimaging Study ◽  
Multiple Network ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Abnormal functional connectivity (FC, the temporal synchronization of activation across distinct brain regions) of the default mode (DMN), salience (SN), central executive (CEN), and motor (MN) networks is well established in psychosis. However, little is known about FC in individuals, particularly adolescents, reporting subthreshold psychotic experiences (PE) and their trajectory over time. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the FC of these networks in adolescents with PE. In this population-based case-control study, 24 adolescents (mean age = 13.58) meeting the criteria for PE were drawn from a sample of 211 young people recruited and scanned for a neuroimaging study, with a follow-up scan 2 years later (n = 18, mean age = 15.78) and compared to matched controls drawn from the same sample. We compared FC of DMN, SN, CEN, and MN regions between PE and controls using whole-brain FC analyses. At both timepoints, the PE group displayed significant hypoconnectivity compared to controls. At baseline, FC in the PE group was decreased between MN and DMN regions. At follow-up, dysconnectivity in the PE group was more widespread. Over time, controls displayed greater FC changes than the PE group, with FC generally increasing between MN, DMN, and SN regions. Adolescents with PE exhibit hypoconnectivity across several functional networks also found to be hypoconnected in established psychosis. Our findings highlight the potential for studies of adolescents reporting PE to reveal early neural correlates of psychosis and support further investigation of the role of the MN in PE and psychotic disorders.

Abstract 2145: The Long-term Trajectory Of Functional Decline Before And After Stroke: The Northern Manhattan Study

Stroke ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandip Dhamoon ◽  
Yeseon P Moon ◽  
Myunghee C Paik ◽  
Consuelo McLaughlin-Mora ◽  
Ralph L Sacco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Functional Status ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Insurance Status ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Over Time

Background: Previous research in our population showed a steeper long-term decline in functional status after first ischemic stroke among those with Medicaid or no insurance compared to those with Medicare or private insurance. With only post-stroke data, it was unknown whether these findings were caused by the stroke. We sought to compare the long-term trajectory of functional status before and after ischemic stroke. Methods: The Northern Manhattan Study contains a prospective, population-based study of stroke-free individuals >40 years of age, followed for a median of 10 years. The Barthel index (BI) was assessed annually. Generalized estimating equations were used to assess functional decline over time before and after stroke. The 6 months after stroke were ignored, since the course of recovery during this period is well documented, and our interest was the long-term course of functional status. Follow-up was censored at the time of recurrent stroke. Sociodemographic and medical risk factors were included and results were stratified by insurance status. Linearity of the curves was evaluated by plotting residuals against time and with a lowess curve. Results: Among 3298 participants, 261 had an ischemic stroke during follow-up, of which 51 died within 6 months of stroke. Among the remaining 210 participants, mean age at stroke (standard deviation) was 77+9 years, 38% were male, 52% were Hispanic, 37% had diabetes, and 31% had coronary artery disease. There was no difference in functional decline over time before and after stroke (p= 0.51), with a decline of 0.96 BI points per year before stroke (p<.0001) and 1.24 after stroke (p=0.001). However, when stratified by insurance status, among those with Medicaid or no insurance, in a fully adjusted model, there was a difference in slope before and after stroke (p=0.04), with a decline of 0.58 BI points per year before stroke (p=0.02) and 1.94 after stroke (p=0.001). Other predictors of worse functional status were increasing age, female sex, diabetes, and being married. Conclusion: In this large, prospective, population-based study with long-term follow-up, there was a significantly steeper decline in functional status after ischemic stroke compared to before stroke among those with Medicaid or no insurance, after adjusting for confounders. The cause of this differential decline is not known but may be related to poor control of risk factors, silent strokes, or an effect of socioeconomic status.

Psychotic experiences as precursors in schizophrenia? Findings from a population-based sample in Germany (DEGS1-MH)

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S48-S48
Author(s):  
C. Schmidt-Kraepelin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
German Health ◽  
Wide Range

There are only a few studies that have studied the prevalence of psychotic experiences (PEs) in a representative population-based sample and a broad range of age. The association and predictive role of PEs in the context of psychotic and other mental disorders remains a subject of discussion. The Mental Health Module of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults is the first wave of a German health monitoring survey describing:– the distribution and frequency, the severity and the impairments of a wide range of mental disorders;– risk factors as well as patterns of help-seeking and health care utilization;– associations between mental and somatic disorders.A total of 4483 participants participated in the mental health section of the survey. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview, the Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale and the Peter's Delusion Inventory were used to assess PEs by clinically experienced interviewers. We can confirm and extend previous findings for younger age groups that PEs are very frequent psychopathological expressions in the general population across genders and all age groups. PEs rates were elevated among those with other mental disorders, particularly among possible psychotic disorders, PTSD and affective disorders. This points to the relevant role of PEs as a marker for psychopathology and mental disorders. Future prospective studies will have to focus on specific properties of psychotic experiences such as their appraisal or underlying social influences to determine their significance for the prediction of psychotic and other mental disorders.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

Cancer Complications At the Time of Multiple Myeloma Diagnosis and the Impact of Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS) Follow-up: A Population-Based Study

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 3996-3996
Author(s):  
Jacob D Gundrum ◽  
Joan M Neuner ◽  
Ronald S. Go
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Major Complications ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Abstract 3996 Background: We performed a population-based study to determine the rates of major complications related to multiple myeloma, lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, and Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (hence abbreviated as MM) at the time of cancer diagnosis in the US, their trends over time, disparities among demographic subsets, and the impact of preceding follow-up for MGUS. Methods: Data were obtained from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database linked to Medicare claims. We considered patients age >/= 67 years with MM diagnosed from 1994–2007 (N = 28,879). We excluded those who were diagnosed by autopsy or death certificate only, had invasive cancers within 5 years prior to MM diagnosis, lacked date of either diagnosis or death, lacked complete Medicare parts A/B coverage 15 months prior to or 3 months after MM diagnosis date (or to date of death, if death was within 3 months), and receiving dialysis for other conditions (n = 11,450). Major complications including acute kidney injury (AKI), dialysis requirement, cord compression, fracture, and hypercalcemia presenting within 3 months before or after MM diagnosis were obtained from diagnosis and procedure claims. MGUS follow-up was defined as having a diagnosis claim 3–15 months prior to MM diagnosis. Results: Of the 17,429 MM patients included in our study, 50.6% were males and the median age was 77 years. Major complications were present at diagnosis in 31.9% of the patients in the following order of frequency: fracture (16.6%), acute kidney injury (13.5%), hypercalcemia (5.5%), dialysis (5.3%), and cord compression (2.4%). There was a significant increase in most complication rates (unadjusted) over time (P < .001) except for hypercalcemia and cord compression. Females were more likely to have hypercalcemia (6.0% vs 5.1%; P = .005) or fracture (19.4% vs 13.9%; P < .001), but men were more likely to have AKI (14.6% vs 12.3%; P < .001) and to require dialysis (5.8% vs 4.8%; P = .002). Blacks were more likely to have hypercalcemia (7.1%; P < .001), AKI (18.3%; P < .001), cord compression (3.1%; P = .009), or require dialysis (7.8%; P < .001), but were less likely to have fracture (14.6%; P < .001) compared to whites (5.4%, 12.9%, 2.3%, 5.0%, and 17.1%, respectively) or other races (4.6%, 12.5%, 1.0 %, 4.8%, and 16.0%, respectively). Overall, 6% of the patients had MGUS follow-up (n = 1,037) preceding MM diagnosis with an increasing trend from 2.6% in 1994 to 6.9% in 2007 (P < .001). Complication rates were lower in the group with MGUS follow-up compared to those without follow-up: any complication (20.8% vs 32.6%; P < .001), AKI (10.1% vs 13.7%; P < .001), cord compression (1.4% vs 2.4%; P < .001), dialysis (3.4% vs 5.4%; P = .004), fracture (11.0% vs 17.0%; P < .001), and hypercalcemia (2.4% vs 5.7%; P < .001). Conclusions: At the time of MM diagnosis, major cancer-related complications were present in a third of patients with increasing trends from 1994–2007 for fracture, AKI, and requirement for dialysis. Complication rates varied among gender and race. Patients being followed for MGUS had significantly lower complications rates compared to those who were not. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Cannabis, schizophrenia and other non-affective psychoses: 35 years of follow-up of a population-based cohort

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1321-1328 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Manrique-Garcia ◽  
S. Zammit ◽  
C. Dalman ◽  
T. Hemmingsson ◽  
S. Andreasson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Affective Psychoses ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

BackgroundThere is now strong evidence that cannabis use increases the risk of psychoses including schizophrenia, but the relationship between cannabis and different psychotic disorders, as well as the mechanisms, are poorly known. We aimed to assess types of psychotic outcomes after use of cannabis in adolescence and variation in risk over time.MethodA cohort of 50 087 military conscripts with data on cannabis use in late adolescence was followed up during 35 years with regard to in-patient care for psychotic diagnoses.ResultsOdds ratios for psychotic outcomes among frequent cannabis users compared with non-users were 3.7 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.3–5.8] for schizophrenia, 2.2 (95% CI 1.0–4.7) for brief psychosis and 2.0 (95% CI 0.8–4.7) for other non-affective psychoses. Risk of schizophrenia declined over the decades in moderate users but much less so in frequent users. The presence of a brief psychosis did not increase risk of later schizophrenia more in cannabis users compared with non-users.ConclusionsOur results confirm an increased risk of schizophrenia in a long-term perspective, although the risk declined over time in moderate users.

No relation between biomarkers at age 47–49 and aortic diameter after 14–19 years of follow-up – a population-based study

VASA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumia Taimour ◽  
Moncef Zarrouk ◽  
Jan Holst ◽  
Olle Melander ◽  
Gunar Engström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Aortic Diameter ◽  
Aortic Dilatation ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Old Men

Abstract. Background: Biomarkers reflecting diverse pathophysiological pathways may play an important role in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (aortic diameter ≥30 mm, AAA), levels of many biomarkers are elevated and correlated to aortic diameter among 65-year-old men undergoing ultrasound (US) screening for AAA. Probands and methods: To evaluate potential relationships between biomarkers and aortic dilatation after long-term follow-up, levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), proneurotensin (PNT), copeptin (CPT), lipoprotein-associated phospholipase 2 (Lp-PLA2), cystatin C (Cyst C), midregional proatrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP), and midregional proadrenomedullin (MR-proADM) were measured in 117 subjects (114 [97 %] men) aged 47–49 in a prospective population-based cohort study, and related to aortic diameter at US examination of the aorta after 14–19 years of follow-up. Results: Biomarker levels at baseline did not correlate with aortic diameter after 14–19 years of follow up (CRP [r = 0.153], PNT [r = 0.070], CPT [r = –.156], Lp-PLA2 [r = .024], Cyst C [r = –.015], MR-proANP [r = 0.014], MR-proADM [r = –.117]). Adjusting for age and smoking at baseline in a linear regression model did not reveal any significant correlations. Conclusions: Tested biomarker levels at age 47–49 were not associated with aortic diameter at ultrasound examination after 14–19 years of follow-up. If there are relationships between these biomarkers and aortic dilatation, they are not relevant until closer to AAA diagnosis.

scholarly journals Association of Tooth Scaling with Acute Myocardial Infarction and Analysis of the Corresponding Medical Expenditure: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7613
Author(s):  
Yi-Wei Kao ◽  
Ben-Chang Shia ◽  
Huei-Chen Chiang ◽  
Mingchih Chen ◽  
Szu-Yuan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Medical Expenditure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Scaling Group

Accumulating evidence has shown a significant correlation between periodontal diseases and systemic diseases. In this study, we investigated the association between the frequency of tooth scaling and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Here, a group of 7164 participants who underwent tooth scaling was compared with another group of 7164 participants without tooth scaling through propensity score matching to assess AMI risk by Cox’s proportional hazard regression. The results show that the hazard ratio of AMI from the tooth scaling group was 0.543 (0.441, 0.670) and the average expenses of AMI in the follow up period was USD 265.76, while the average expenses of AMI in follow up period for control group was USD 292.47. The tooth scaling group was further divided into two subgroups, namely A and B, to check the influence of tooth scaling frequency on AMI risk. We observed that (1) the incidence rate of AMI in the group without any tooth scaling was 3.5%, which is significantly higher than the incidence of 1.9% in the group with tooth scaling; (2) the tooth scaling group had lower total medical expenditures than those of the other group because of the high medical expenditure associated with AMI; and (3) participants who underwent tooth scaling had a lower AMI risk than those who never underwent tooth scaling had. Therefore, the results of this study demonstrate the importance of preventive medicine.

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