scholarly journals SU90. The Relationship Between Changes in Cortical Thickness and Cognitive Empathy in Individuals With Schizophrenia

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S193-S193
Author(s):  
Julie Petersen ◽  
Derin Cobia
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Cognitive Empathy ◽  
The Relationship

The Mediating Effect of Language on the Development of Cognitive and Affective Theory of Mind

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicity J Bigelow ◽  
Gillian M Clark ◽  
Jarrad Lum ◽  
Peter Gregory Enticott
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Cognitive Empathy ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Language Abilities ◽  
Language Assessments ◽  
Empathic Ability ◽  
The Relationship

Theory of mind (ToM) development is critical to effective social functioning and appears to depend on complementary language abilities. The current study explored the mediating influence of language on the development of cognitive and affective ToM. 151 children aged between 5-12 years completed ToM (cognitive and affective) and language assessments, and parents provided ratings of their child’s empathic ability. Results showed that language mediated the relationship between age and both cognitive and affective ToM, but not parent-reported cognitive empathy. Examination of younger and older subgroups revealed that language mediated cognitive and affective ToM differently across developmental periods. Findings highlight the dynamic role that language plays in the development of both cognitive and affective ToM throughout early and middle childhood.

S228. Measuring the Relationship Between Specific Phosphorylation of DISC1 and Cortical Thickness in Psychotic Disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 83 (9) ◽  
pp. S436-S437
Author(s):  
Sue Kulason ◽  
David Schretlen ◽  
Akira Sawa ◽  
Tilak Ratnanather ◽  
Koko Ishizuka
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
The Relationship

Beta-Amyloid Moderates the Relationship Between Cortical Thickness and Attentional Control in Middle- and Older-Aged Adults

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole S. McKay ◽  
Aylin Dincer ◽  
Vidushri Mehrotra ◽  
Andrew J. Aschenbrenner ◽  
David Balota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Beta Amyloid ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Engagement in Lifestyle Activities is Associated with Increased Alzheimer’s Disease-Associated Cortical Thickness and Cognitive Performance in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seongryu Bae ◽  
Sangyoon Lee ◽  
Kenji Harada ◽  
Keitaro Makino ◽  
Ippei Chiba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Direct Path ◽  
Cognitive Activities ◽  
Lifestyle Activities ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to examine the association between lifestyle activities, including physical, cognitive, and social activities, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) signature cortical thickness, as well as to examine the mediating role of AD signature cortical thickness in lifestyle activities and cognitive function in community-dwelling healthy older adults. Participants were 1026 older adults who met the study inclusion criteria. The physical, cognitive, and social activities of daily life were assessed using a self-reporting questionnaire. AD signature cortical thickness was determined using FreeSurfer software. Cognitive function was evaluated using the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology-Functional Assessment Tool. Path analysis (based on structural equation modeling (SEM)) of cognitive activities indicated that the direct path from cognitive activities to cognitive function was significant (p < 0.001), as was the direct path from AD signature cortical thickness to cognitive function (p < 0.001). Physical (p < 0.05) or social activities (p < 0.05) had a direct effect on cognitive function. However, AD signature cortical thickness did not mediate the relationship between physical or social activities and cognitive function. Our findings suggest that higher levels of cognitive activities later in life have a significant and positive direct effect on cognitive function. Additionally, AD signature cortical thickness significantly mediates the relationship between cognitive activities and cognitive function.

scholarly journals The relationship between neuropsychological tests of visuospatial function and lobar cortical thickness

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 518-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davor N. Zink ◽  
Justin B. Miller ◽  
Jessica Z. K. Caldwell ◽  
Christopher Bird ◽  
Sarah J. Banks
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Visuospatial Function ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals GP.01 The relationship between carotid stenosis, cerebral cortex thickness and cognitive function in community dwelling older individuals

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (s2) ◽  
pp. S8-S8
Author(s):  
S Alhusaini ◽  
S Karama ◽  
JM Star ◽  
ME Bastin ◽  
JM Wardlaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Carotid Stenosis ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Carotid atherosclerosis is a significant risk factor for stroke and has been associated with cognitive decline and dementia. Methods: We assessed 554 community-dwelling subjects from the Lothian Birth Cohort of 1936 (LBC1936) who underwent brain MRI and carotid Doppler ultrasound studies at age 73 years. The relationship between carotid stenosis and cerebral cortical thickness was examined cross-sectionally, controlling for gender, extensive vascular risk factors (VRFs), and IQ at age 11 (IQ-11). The association between carotid stenosis and a composite measure of fluid intelligence was also investigated. Results: A widespread negative association was identified between carotid stenosis and cerebral cortical thickness at age 73 years, independent of the side of carotid stenosis, other carotid measures, VRFs, or IQ-11. This association increased in an almost dose-response relationship from mild to severe degrees of carotid stenosis. A negative association was also noted between carotid stenosis and fluid intelligence, which appeared partly mediated by carotid stenosis-related thinning of the cerebral cortex. Conclusions: Carotid stenosis is associated with thinner cerebral cortex and lower fluid cognitive abilities at age 73. The findings suggest that carotid stenosis represents a marker of vascular processes that accelerate cortical aging with a negative impact on cognition, independent of measurable VRFs.

Empathic Differences in Men Who Witnessed Animal Abuse

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Beth Daly ◽  
L.L. Morton
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Cognitive Empathy ◽  
Nonhuman Animal ◽  
Affective Empathy ◽  
Animal Abuse ◽  
Emotional Empathy ◽  
Cognitive Perspective ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This study draws on diverse research results from investigating the relationship between experiences with nonhuman animal abuse and empathy. We examined whether 108 men with a history of animal abuse showed differences between cognitive (perspective-taking) and affective (emotional) empathy. The effects related to three levels (never, once, multiple times) of witnessing the killing of animals and witnessing the torture of animals. Individuals who witnessed abuse were higher in cognitive empathy than affective empathy. This supports previous findings for a “dissociation hypothesis,” which suggests exposure to animal abuse may mediate between emotional and cognitive empathy. Therefore, it may be beneficial for an individual to have the ability to detach cognitive from emotional empathy—particularly those in careers related to animal welfare and veterinary care. An absence of emotional empathy may also lead to a callous or dismissive attitude to people in need. We sought an appropriate balance of the two.

scholarly journals Cortical Correlates of Impulsive Aggressive Behavior in Pediatric Bipolar Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessio Simonetti ◽  
Sherin Kurian ◽  
Johanna Saxena ◽  
Christopher D. Verrico ◽  
Antonio Restaino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Pediatric Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan ◽  
Frontoparietal Network ◽  
Impulsive Aggression ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Impulsive aggression represents a frequent characteristic of pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD). Cortical alterations associated with impulsive aggression and its multiple facets have not been investigated yet in youth with bipolar disorder.Aim: To investigate the relationship between cortical thickness and facets of impulsive aggression in youth with PBD.Materials and Methods: Twenty-three youth with PBD and 23 healthy controls (HC) were administered the aggression questionnaire (AQ) and underwent 3T magnetic resonance imaging scan. Cortical thickness was assessed with FreeSurfer. Canonical correlation analyses were used to investigate the relationship between AQ total and subscale scores and cortical thickness in youth with PBD.Results: Youth with PBD had increased scores in the subscales of AQ-anger and AQ-hostility and cortical thinning in in areas belonging to the affective network (AN), frontoparietal network (FPN) and cingulo-opercular network (CON), i.e., right rostral anterior cingulate, right caudal anterior cingulate, right lateral orbitofrontal, right medial orbitofrontal, left and right inferior parietal, left posterior cingulate, left and right supramarginal left lingual cortices. Greater thickness in these networks positively correlated with the AQ-hostility subscale and negatively correlated with AQ-anger subscale.Conclusions: The opposite patterns observed between areas belonging to AN, FPN, CON, and the two facets of IA, namely anger and hostility, corroborate clinical findings supporting the different nature of these two constructs.

scholarly journals Cognitive and affective empathy relate differentially to emotion regulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas M Thompson ◽  
Carien M. van Reekum ◽  
Bhismadev Chakrabarti
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Cognitive Empathy ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Affective Empathy ◽  
Interference Effects ◽  
Emotional Interference ◽  
Difficulties In Emotion Regulation ◽  
Component Processes ◽  
The Relationship

The constructs of empathy (i.e. understanding/sharing another’s emotion) and emotion regulation (i.e. the processes by which one manages emotions) have largely been studied in relative isolation of one another. To better understand the interrelationships between their various component processes, this manuscript reports two studies that examined the relationship between empathy and emotion regulation using a combination of self-report and task measures. In study 1 (N=137), trait cognitive and affective empathy were found to share divergent relationships with self-reported emotion dysregulation. Emotion dysregulation was negatively related to cognitive empathy but showed no relationship with affective empathy. In the second study (N=92), the magnitude of emotion interference effects (i.e. the extent to which inhibitory control was impacted by emotional relative to neutral stimuli) in variants of a Go/NoGo and Stroop task were used as proxy measures of implicit emotion regulation abilities. Trait cognitive and affective empathy were found to share different relationships with both task metrics. Higher affective empathy was associated with increased emotional interference in the Emotional Go/NoGo; no such relationship was observed for trait cognitive empathy. In the Emotional Stroop, higher cognitive empathy was associated with reduced emotional interference, but no such relationship was observed for affective empathy. Together, these studies demonstrate that greater cognitive empathy was broadly associated with improved emotion regulation abilities, while greater affective empathy was typically associated with increased difficulties with emotion regulation. This finding points to the need for assessing the different components of empathy in psychopathological conditions marked by difficulties in emotion regulation.

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