Family Background and Earnings Inequality among College Graduates

Social Forces ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 1539-1576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Witteveen ◽  
Paul Attewell
2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 355-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Arias ◽  
Gustavo Yamada ◽  
Luis Tejerina

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Huang ◽  
Jiajia Cao ◽  
Guojing Zhao ◽  
Zehai Long ◽  
Guanshuang Han ◽  
...  

Employability is a vital aspect for human development in career fields. In order to explore the factors affecting the employability of finance and trade graduates in higher vocational colleges, the researchers focused on human development in educational settings and conducted a piece of quantitative research within nine higher vocational colleges. The study uses descriptive statistical analysis to demonstrate the sample structure, using t-test, rank sum test, and chi-square test to assess the variables. It also adopts exploratory factor analysis to identify the classification of both educational practice and employability. Then, a multivariable linear regression model was adopted to examine the relationships between three main factors as well as the employability and career development of finance and trade graduates. The findings imply that the soft skills and basic skills of finance and trade college graduates have immensely improved through educational practice; graduates with high motivation for learning could enhance their soft skills and more internships or club engagement brings stronger professional skills. Based on these results, higher vocational colleges, enterprises, policymakers, teachers, and finance and trade graduates will benefit from the findings related to the reform of educational practice for strengthening graduate employability and human development. The originality of this paper is the conceptual evolution of finance and trade college graduate employability, as well as the empirical analysis on educational practice, student engagement, and family background affecting their human development.


SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824402199869
Author(s):  
Zeng Guohua ◽  
Hu Yuelong ◽  
Wu Wenwen ◽  
Isaac Kofi Mensah

The outflow of college graduates will damage the accumulation of regional human capital and affect regional economic and social development. This article uses the administrative data of the employment monitoring system for college graduates in a province in central China in 2018 and establishes a multivariate logit model based on the Todaro model, opportunity inequality theory, and the relative poverty hypothesis to analyze first employment place preferences and group differences of college graduates. The study found that college graduates tend to peer flow (returning to urban employment at the same level as the city of origin), and family background will promote peer flow. Also, graduates are more willing to work in large and medium cities with higher economic levels, and this employment ratio shows obvious differences in majors, college types, gender, and educational levels. Finally, college graduates from relatively low family status are more likely to experience upward or downward flow.


1985 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 547-555E ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Trotman Reid ◽  
W. La Vome Robinson

Family background and personality characteristics of black professionals who held doctorates were examined for possible commonalities and sex differences. 30 black men and 34 black women from a variety of professional fields participated in this mail survey which included demographic items and personality scales. The majority of the sample had educated mothers who were employed during their childhood. In addition, the professionals held traditional religious affiliations, had small numbers of children, and their spouses typically were college graduates. The professionals were highly motivated and self-oriented individuals who were tolerant of differences in moral and personal values. Women were even less conventional than men. The women were likely to be unmarried and childless; they also had parents with more education. In general, however, with respect to personality measures, few differences existed between the men and women.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Fletcher ◽  
Michael Topping ◽  
Fengyi Zheng ◽  
Qiongshi Lu

A growing literature has sought to tie educational attainment with later-life cognition and Alzheimer's disease outcomes. This paper leverages sibling comparisons in educational attainment as well as genetic predictors (polygenic scores) for cognition, educational attainment, and Alzheimer's disease to estimate effects of educational attainment on cognition in older age in the United Kingdom. We find that the effects of education on cognition are confounded by family background factors (~40%) and by genetics (<10%). After adjustments, we continue to find large effects of education. College graduates have cognition scores that are approximately 0.75 SD higher than those who report no credentials. We also find evidence that educational effects on cognition are smaller for those with high polygenic scores for Alzheimer's disease.


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