scholarly journals Early Field Growth of Loblolly Pine Rooted Cuttings and Seedlings

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Frampton ◽  
Bailian Li ◽  
Barry Goldfarb
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Rooted Cutting ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Improvement Programs

Abstract Early growth and fusiform rust resistance of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) rooted cuttings and seedlings from the same nine full-sib families established on two sites (Nassau Co., FL and Monroe Co., AL) were compared. Although site effects on growth were large, height, diameter and volume growth of the rooted cuttings and seedlings did not differ through the first six growing seasons in the field (with the exception of first year height growth at the Florida site). Fusiform rust (caused by Cronartium quercuum [Berk.] Miyabe ex Shirai f. sp. fusiforme [Cumm.] Burds. et Snow) incidence at age 6 yr was significantly lower in the rooted cuttings than the seedlings at both the Florida site (15.6 versus 22.3 %, respectively) and the Alabama site (46. 0 versus 51.0%, respectively). In addition, correlations of full-sib family performance between (1) rooted cuttings and seedlings and (2) rooted cuttings and seedling progeny test data were positive, statistically significant and moderate to high for both growth traits and fusiform rust incidence. Thus, families or individual trees selected from seedling genetic tests in existing tree improvement programs should also perform well as rooted cuttings. These results and those from similar studies indicate that field performance of loblolly pine rooted cuttings derived from seedling hedges should not be a concern. Large-scale propagation using rooted cuttings will deliver predicted gains from the selection and deployment of elite full-sib families and clones. In addition, the use of rooted cutting planting stock may offer a further reduction in fusiform rust incidence. South. J. Appl. For. 24(2):98-105.

scholarly journals Predicted genetic gains and testing efficiency from two loblolly pine clonal trials

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 1754-1766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fikret Isik ◽  
Barry Goldfarb ◽  
Anthony LeBude ◽  
Bailian Li ◽  
Steve McKeand
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Clonal Forestry ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Genetic Gains ◽  
Rust Infection ◽  
Volume Yield ◽  
Sib Families

Clonal field trials were established at two sites using rooted cuttings from 450 clones of eight full-sib families of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Height, survival, fusiform rust infection (caused by Cronartium quercuum (Berk) Miyabe ex Shirai f.sp. fusiforme), bole straightness, and diameter were measured after four growing seasons. There were significant differences among full-sib families and among clones within families for all traits studied. Moderately high within-family repeatabilities of clone means (0.50 to 0.75) for growth traits and a very high within-family repeatability of clone means (0.94) for fusiform rust infection were estimated. When the best eight clones were selected regardless of family structure, the volume yield was 52% greater than that of the unimproved seedlings at two sites. Selection of the best two clones from each of four families produced only slightly lower estimated genetic gains than the above scenario. The probability of fusiform rust infection ranged from 0.08 to 0.93 among clones at the South Carolina site. Predicted genetic gain for rust resistance was relatively insensitive to selection intensity, as there were numerous clones with high apparent resistance. The number of ramets per clone necessary to reliably characterize performance on one site was estimated to be between four and six. These results contribute to estimates of the gains available from clonal forestry and will help guide clonal testing and selection programs. Implementation of clonal forestry and cost issues are discussed.

Breeding for improved growth and juvenile corewood stiffness in slash pine

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1886-1893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobo Li ◽  
Dudley A. Huber ◽  
Gregory L. Powell ◽  
Timothy L. White ◽  
Gary F. Peter
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Improvement Programs

The importance of integrating measures of juvenile corewood mechanical properties, modulus of elasticity in particular, with growth and disease resistance in tree improvement programs has increased. We investigated the utility of in-tree velocity stiffness measurements to estimate the genetic control of corewood stiffness and to select for trees with superior growth and stiffness in a progeny trial of 139 families of slash pine, Pinus elliottii Engelm. grown on six sites. Narrow-sense heritability estimates across all six sites for in-tree acoustic velocity stiffness at 8 years (0.42) were higher than observed for height (0.36) and diameter at breast height (DBH) (0.28) at 5 years. The overall type B genetic correlation across sites for velocity stiffness was 0.68, comparable to those found for DBH and volume growth, indicating that family rankings were moderately repeatable across all sites for these traits. No significant genetic correlations were observed between velocity stiffness, DBH, and volume growth. In contrast, a significant, but small, favorable genetic correlation was found between height and velocity stiffness. Twenty percent of the families had positive breeding values for both velocity stiffness and growth. The low cost, high heritability and nearly independent segregation of the genes involved with in-tree velocity stiffness and growth traits indicate that acoustic methods can be integrated into tree improvement programs to breed for improved corewood stiffness along with growth in slash pine.

Sewage Sludge Increases Early Growth and Decreases Fusiform Rust Infection of Nursery-Run and Rust-Resistant Loblolly Pine

1989 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas M. Stone ◽  
Harry R. Powers
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
First Year ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Rust Infection

Abstract An intensively prepared site in a high-rust hazard area was fertilized with municipal sewage sludge to provide 300 or 600 lb/ac total nitrogen before planting nursery-run and fusiform rust-resistant seedlings. Rust-resistant seedlings had significantly greater first-year survival andsignificantly lower rust infection at age 6. The sludge treatments increased 6-year diameter and volume growth and decreased rust infection significantly; there were no differences between the two sludge levels. Sludge fertilization significantly increased average height, diameter, and stemvolume of the largest 300 trees/ac and has begun to stimulate crown class differentiation. The greater growth of the larger trees did not alter the proportion infected by rust. Results indicate that even in areas of high-rust hazard, intensive site preparation and sludge fertilization canincrease early growth and accelerate stand development of loblolly pine if rust-resistant stock is planted. South J. Appl. For. 13(2):68-71.

Indirect selection and clonal propagation of loblolly pine seedlings enhance resistance to fusiform rust

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Foster ◽  
R. L. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Clonal Propagation ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Artificial Inoculation ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Rooted Cutting ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Susceptible Control ◽  
High Degree

A population of loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) seedlings without fusiform rust (Cronartiumquercuum (Berk.) Miyabe ex Shirai f.sp. fusiforme) galls was developed by controlled-cross matings of parent trees with known rust resistance, and subsequent screening of the seedling offspring through artificial inoculation. The seedlings without rust galls then entered a vegetative propagation system using rooted cuttings. A second round of rust testing by artificial inoculation, using a random sample of 20 clones from the program, revealed a high degree of rust resistance (4% galled) compared with that of seedlings from either a resistant control seedlot (50% galled) or a susceptible control seedlot (81% galled). This apparently high degree of rust resistance may be due to genetic effects, rooted cutting morphology, or both.

Foliar Nitrogen Content at Lifting Correlates with Early Growth of Loblolly Pine Seedlings from 20 Nurseries

1988 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry S. Larsen ◽  
David B. South ◽  
James N. Boyer
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Growth Potential ◽  
Foliar Nitrogen ◽  
Pine Seedlings

Abstract Height growth of outplanted loblolly pine seedlings was monitored over a 3-year period. Growth of seedlings from 20 nurseries was correlated with initial seedling characteristics from paired samples. Height growth during the first 6 months after planting was negatively correlated with the initial seedling height and shoot/root ratio and was positively correlated with root growth potential (RGP) and root weight. However, these variables were not significantly correlated with later growth. Foliar nitrogen content (mg of foliar nitrogen per seedling) was positively correlated with both initial and subsequent field growth. Foliar nitrogen content was the only variable that was significantly correlated with diameter growth and volume growth during the third year after planting. This variable accounted for 36% of the variation among sample means for 3-year height growth. These data support a previous report that field performance of loblolly pine seedlings during the first 3 years in the field can be influenced by the foliar nitrogen content at lifting. South. J. Appl. For. 12(3):181-185.

Growth of loblolly pine rooted cuttings compared with seedlings

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Foster ◽  
C. C. Lambeth ◽  
M. S. Greenwood
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Confounding Factor ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Rooted Cutting ◽  
Growth Cycles ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Family ◽  
Number Of Branches

Growth and morphology of loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) rooted cuttings were compared with that for seedlings after several years in the field in two experiments. Experiment 1 included rooted cuttings from 1- and 5-year-old ortets and seedlings from the same five families and experiment 2 compared rooted cuttings from 4-year-old ortets with seedlings from the same 15 families. Significant age-related effects on the growth of the rooted cuttings, even with as little as 4 years difference in ortet age, were observed. Height, DBH, and number of growth cycles, but not number of branches per unit of height or per growth cycle, differed significantly between the two cutting sources. Size and condition of the rooted cuttings and seedlings at the time of planting influenced their growth for several years afterward and could be a confounding factor in comparisons among propagule types. In experiment 1 cuttings outgrew seedlings, while in experiment 2 the reverse occurred. Considering both experiments, growth in the early years seems to be related more to condition of the propagule rather than asexual or sexual origin when unconfounded with age. The family rank correlations between propagation types for the same trait were always positive but were significant for only part of the traits, while the correlations among traits for the same propagation type were generally, but not always, lower for rooted cuttings than seedlings. This effect was pronounced in the first few years after field planting and was likely the result of plant quality (variability induced by the rooting and conditioning system) rather than propagation type; nonetheless, there is cause for concern when using early field data from rooted cutting trials to rank family performance.

scholarly journals Eight-Year Field Performance of Pine Seedlings after Mycorrhizae Were Triadimefon-Inhibited in the Nursery

1996 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-44
Author(s):  
W. A. Carey ◽  
W. D. Kelley
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Mycorrhizal Development

Abstract Loblolly pine seedlings were not sprayed with a fungicide or were sprayed with triadimefon (Bayleton®) at 6 oz ai/ac or with twice or four times that rate to differentially suppress mycorrhizal development. Seedlings were planted at three sites and evaluated in the eighth year after outplanting. Fusiform rust incidence and tree heights and diameters differed significantly between nursery sources and among outplanting sites, but not between triadimefon treatments. Survival did not differ between sites, nursery sources or triadimefon treatments. South. J. Appl. For. 20(1):42-44.

scholarly journals Genetic Parameters of Somatic Clones of Coastal Douglas-fir at 5½-Years across Washington and Oregon, USA

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 269-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Dean
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Western Washington ◽  
Clonal Heritability ◽  
Test Correlation

AbstractFive genetic tests involving 70 somatic clones of coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii) were planted March-April 1999 in Weyerhaeuser plantations across western Washington and Oregon states, USA. Four of the tests are in Longview and Twin Harbors regions of Washington, and one test is in Springfield, Oregon. Each test is based on single-tree plots with 12 randomized complete-blocks. The 70 coastal Douglas-fir clones were propagated by somatic embryogenesis from two full-sib families that had the same female parent. Results are reported for survival, height, diameter at breast-height (DBH) and volume growth at 5½-years. These tests provide evidence of acceptable growth and survival of somatic trees of coastal Douglas-fir across a range of site conditions. Height had a clonal heritability of 0.25 ± 0.01, DBH 0.21 ± 0.01 and volume 0.20 ± 0.01. The growth traits were all strongly genetically associated with clonal correlations of 0.92 to 0.99. Clonal performance for growth proved quite stable across tests with an overall between-test correlation of 0.84 ± 0.04. There was little variance due to clone x test interactions.

scholarly journals 343 Effects of Jiffy Forestry Peat Pellets on Rooting and Subsequent Field Performance of Stem Cuttings of Loblolly Pine

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 451B-451
Author(s):  
Anthony V. LeBude ◽  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
Barry Goldfarb
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
First Year ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Pellet Size ◽  
Control Field ◽  
Control Root ◽  
Sib Families

Experiments conducted in January (hardwood cuttings) and June (softwood cuttings) 1998 compared rooting and root dry weight (DW) of stem cuttings of three full-sib families of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) rooted in Jiffy forestry peat pellets and Ray Leach Super Cells. Ray Leach Super Cells (vol.= 162 cm3) served as the control and contained a medium of 2 peat: 3 perlite (v/v). Pellet sizes used were 25-65, 30-65, 36-65, 36-75, 42-65, 42-80, and 50-95 (dry diam.-expanded height in mm). Cuttings were taken from hedged stock plants and rooted for 12 weeks under mist in a humidity-controlled greenhouse. Following evaluation for rooting in the June experiment, ≈500 rooted cuttings in pellets and Ray Leach Super Cells were field-planted in eastern Georgia in December 1998 to study the effect of pellet size and cutting development on first-year field growth. Rooting percentages in January for hardwood cuttings rooted in pellet sizes 42-80 (36%) and 50-95 (57%) were less than the control (83%). Root DW for each pellet size was less than the control. Rooting percentage in June for softwood cuttings rooted in pellet size 36-65 (77%) was greater than the control (64%) whereas rooting percentages for cuttings rooted in pellet sizes 42-80 (50%) and 50-95 (52%) were less than the control. Root DWs for cuttings in pellet sizes 25-65, 30-65, 36-65, and 42-65 were less than the control. Field performance data will be presented.

scholarly journals Nursery Rooting and Growth of Loblolly Pine Cuttings: Effects of Rooting Solution and Full-Sib Family

1999 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. John Frampton ◽  
Barry Goldfarb ◽  
Scott E. Surles ◽  
Clements C. Lambeth
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Grading Standards ◽  
Compound Concentration

Abstract This research examined the effects of various rooting solutions and full-sib families on the rooting ability and subsequent growth and morphology of dormant loblolly pine stem cuttings set directly into open nursery beds. Two recommended concentrations of a commercial rooting compound (Woods Rooting Compound®), 9 and 17% (10:1 and 5:1 dilutions, respectively), and a water control in combination with four boron and four thiamine concentrations were tested. The 9% concentration contained 924 ppm indole-3-butyric acid (IBA ) + 594 ppm α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) while the 17% concentration contained 1751 ppm IBA + 1122 ppm NAA. Family, rooting compound concentration, and their interaction were significant, while boron and thiamine main effects were not significant for percent rooted nor other traits assessed. Overall, 75% of cuttings treated with the water control rooted while cuttings receiving the 9 and 17% rooting compound concentrations rooted at 64 and 55%, respectively. However, the root systems of cuttings receiving the rooting compound treatments were more symmetrical, more vertically oriented and had greater dry weights than cuttings receiving the water control treatment. In addition, basal stem caliper and shoot dry weight, as well as the root:shoot ratio, were greater for cuttings receiving the rooting compound treatments. The trade-offs between rooting percent and root system morphology were addressed by investigating treatment differences in final crop yields as a percent of cuttings set. When seedling caliper standards were used as the grading criteria, no rooted cuttings were culled. Under this scenario, the water control treatment yielded the highest percent of acceptable (combined Grades 1 and 2) rooted cuttings (75%) since it also yielded the highest rooting percent. The range in yield of acceptable rooted cuttings for the five full-sib families receiving the water control treatment was 58 to 84%. When additional root system standards were imposed upon the caliper grades, the 9% rooting compound concentration yielded the highest percent of acceptable rooted cuttings (53%). The range in acceptable yields of the five full-sib families receiving the 9% rooting compound treatment when the additional root system grading standards were imposed, was 35 to 79%. A better understanding of the trade-offs between rooting percent and root system morphology as well as the effect of root system morphology on long-term growth of cuttings is needed. However, the rooted cuttings produced in this study by directly setting cuttings into open nursery beds exceeded commonly used seedling grading standards. While production costs were not addressed in this study, and significant additional development is needed, these results provide encouragement that an economical system of rooting loblolly pine cuttings in open nursery beds may be feasible. South. J. Appl. For. 23(2):108-115.

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