Growth of loblolly pine rooted cuttings compared with seedlings

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Foster ◽  
C. C. Lambeth ◽  
M. S. Greenwood
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Confounding Factor ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Rooted Cutting ◽  
Growth Cycles ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Family ◽  
Number Of Branches

Growth and morphology of loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) rooted cuttings were compared with that for seedlings after several years in the field in two experiments. Experiment 1 included rooted cuttings from 1- and 5-year-old ortets and seedlings from the same five families and experiment 2 compared rooted cuttings from 4-year-old ortets with seedlings from the same 15 families. Significant age-related effects on the growth of the rooted cuttings, even with as little as 4 years difference in ortet age, were observed. Height, DBH, and number of growth cycles, but not number of branches per unit of height or per growth cycle, differed significantly between the two cutting sources. Size and condition of the rooted cuttings and seedlings at the time of planting influenced their growth for several years afterward and could be a confounding factor in comparisons among propagule types. In experiment 1 cuttings outgrew seedlings, while in experiment 2 the reverse occurred. Considering both experiments, growth in the early years seems to be related more to condition of the propagule rather than asexual or sexual origin when unconfounded with age. The family rank correlations between propagation types for the same trait were always positive but were significant for only part of the traits, while the correlations among traits for the same propagation type were generally, but not always, lower for rooted cuttings than seedlings. This effect was pronounced in the first few years after field planting and was likely the result of plant quality (variability induced by the rooting and conditioning system) rather than propagation type; nonetheless, there is cause for concern when using early field data from rooted cutting trials to rank family performance.

scholarly journals Early Field Growth of Loblolly Pine Rooted Cuttings and Seedlings

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Frampton ◽  
Bailian Li ◽  
Barry Goldfarb
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Rooted Cutting ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Improvement Programs

Abstract Early growth and fusiform rust resistance of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) rooted cuttings and seedlings from the same nine full-sib families established on two sites (Nassau Co., FL and Monroe Co., AL) were compared. Although site effects on growth were large, height, diameter and volume growth of the rooted cuttings and seedlings did not differ through the first six growing seasons in the field (with the exception of first year height growth at the Florida site). Fusiform rust (caused by Cronartium quercuum [Berk.] Miyabe ex Shirai f. sp. fusiforme [Cumm.] Burds. et Snow) incidence at age 6 yr was significantly lower in the rooted cuttings than the seedlings at both the Florida site (15.6 versus 22.3 %, respectively) and the Alabama site (46. 0 versus 51.0%, respectively). In addition, correlations of full-sib family performance between (1) rooted cuttings and seedlings and (2) rooted cuttings and seedling progeny test data were positive, statistically significant and moderate to high for both growth traits and fusiform rust incidence. Thus, families or individual trees selected from seedling genetic tests in existing tree improvement programs should also perform well as rooted cuttings. These results and those from similar studies indicate that field performance of loblolly pine rooted cuttings derived from seedling hedges should not be a concern. Large-scale propagation using rooted cuttings will deliver predicted gains from the selection and deployment of elite full-sib families and clones. In addition, the use of rooted cutting planting stock may offer a further reduction in fusiform rust incidence. South. J. Appl. For. 24(2):98-105.

scholarly journals Effects of Nursery Characteristics on Field Survival and Growth of Loblolly Pine Rooted Cuttings

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Frampton ◽  
Fikret Isik ◽  
Barry Goldfarb
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Planting Stock ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Rooted Cutting ◽  
Multiple Leaders

Abstract Morphological characteristics of rooted cuttings and seedlings of four open-pollinated loblolly pine families cultured at the G.H.W. Weyerhaeuser Nursery near Washington, North Carolina were assessed after lifting. Cuttings were visually assigned to nine grading classes and six putative cull classes. The nine grading classes represented a factorial of three root collar diameter classes (small [4–6 mm], medium [6–8 mm] and large [8–10 mm]) and three root quality classes (poor, fair, and good). Putative cull classes included runts, poor foliage coverage, jumbos, “dog-legged” (one horizontal root at a right angle to the stem), multiple leaders, and excessive sweep.After assessment, the rooted cuttings and seedlings were established in a randomized block design on a coastal site in southern Beaufort County, North Carolina. Five years after establishment in the field, survival, height, diameter, presence or absence of fusiform rust incidence, number of leaders, and sweep were assessed. Analyses of variance were conducted to detect differences among the putative cull classes. Nursery rooting cutting morphological traits were regressed on fifth year field traits. Iterative logistic regression was performed between the nursery traits (continuous variables) and survival (binary variable).Overall, fifth year survival of the rooted cuttings was higher than that of the seedlings (77 versus 42%, respectively), and their stem volume was not significantly different from seedlings (0.259 versus 0.285 m3). For the four open-pollinated families studied, these results indicate that no culling standards are needed for rooted cutting planting stock to perform at least as well as seedling planting stock. However, eliminating cuttings with poor foliage coverage (less than 2.5 cm) and culling or pruning rooted cuttings with multiple leaders is recommended to reduce the number of forked trees in the field. South. J. Appl. For. 26(4):207–213.

scholarly journals Effects of Root Morphology on Nursery and First-Year Field Growth of Rooted Cuttings of Loblolly Pine

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Goldfarb ◽  
Scott E. Surles ◽  
Mack Thetford ◽  
Frank A. Blazich
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Rooted Cutting

Abstract Stem cuttings of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were rooted in a greenhouse and then scored for the number of roots per rooted cutting, the number of vertically oriented roots per rooted cutting, and symmetry of the arrangement of adventitious roots on the lower stem. Rooted cuttings were transplanted to a nursery bed, grown for 7 months, lifted and rescored, transplanted to a field location, and then measured after 1 yr in the field. Shoot height after the rooting period was correlated weakly with the number of roots per rooted cutting, but not with the number of vertical roots or root system symmetry. Nursery culture slightly reduced the number of roots per cutting and root system symmetry. Root orientation changed dramatically as roots elongated, with 94% of all roots scored as vertical after nursery growth. Shoot height after the period of nursery growth was still correlated weakly with root number, but not with the number of vertical roots. Rooted cuttings with symmetrical root systems were slightly taller than cuttings with asymmetrical root systems after growth in the nursery. After 1 yr in the field, shoot height was no longer correlated with root number. On average, cuttings with symmetrical root systems were only 2 mm taller than cuttings with asymmetrical root systems. These early growth data suggest it is not beneficial to impose culling criteria for cuttings rooted in a greenhouse and transplanted to a nursery based on the root system architecture at the time of rooting. However, growth and stability of rooted cuttings over a longer time period must be assessed. South. J. Appl. For. 22(4): 231-234.

Information Practices of Baby Boomers as Caregivers

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khuan Seow ◽  
Nadia Caidi
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Baby Boomers ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Maladie D’Alzheimer ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Family ◽  
Growing Age

Canada has an aging population with the fastest growing age groups (80 and 45-64 years old) vulnerable to age-related diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. Caregiving responsibilities often fall to the family members of the afflicted without much attention and consideration being placed on the information needs of these caregivers. We call for a better understanding of these caregivers' information needs and uses by social policy makers as well as information providers.La population du Canada a tendance à vieillir considérablement, avec la hausse la plus rapide dans les groupes d’âge (80 et 45 à 64 ans). Les personnes âges sont très vulnérables à toute sorte de maladies, telles que la maladie d’Alzheimer. La responsabilité revient souvent aux membres de la famille qui doivent prendre soin des personnes atteintes de cette maladie. Or, nous ne connaissons que peu de chose sur les besoins en information des personnes qui prennent soin de ces malades de l’Alzheimer : qui sont-ils ? Quelles sont leurs sources... 

Bishop Hryhorii Khomyshyn: Family Environment and Early Years of Life

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (45) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Rusnak
Keyword(s):  
Family Environment ◽  
Early Years ◽  
The Family ◽  
Positive Effect

In the article is highlighted the influence of family environment on the formation of personality of Hryhorii Khomyshyn. Are systematized and analyzed previous research on the issue. Are disclosed milestones of early biography of future Bishop. Are characterized his first steps in studying. Is marked a positive effect of relatives surroundings. On the base of metric books and family legends is traced genealogy of Beatific. It is noted on the proximity of worldview of H. Khomyshyn and the family of Simovych. Keywords: Hryhorii Khomyshyn, Beatific, martyr, Bishop, family environment, early biography

Unfulfilled Promise: Palestinian Family Reunification and the Right of Return

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-39
Author(s):  
Nabila El-Ahmed ◽  
Nadia Abu-Zahra
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Family Reunification ◽  
The State ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Successor State ◽  
Palestinian Refugees ◽  
Right Of Return ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Right

This article argues that Israel substituted the Palestinian refugees' internationally recognized right of return with a family reunification program during its maneuvering over admission at the United Nations following the creation of the state in May 1948. Israel was granted UN membership in 1949 on the understanding that it would have to comply with legal international requirements to ensure the return of a substantial number of the 750,000 Palestinians dispossessed in the process of establishing the Zionist state, as well as citizenship there as a successor state. However, once the coveted UN membership had been obtained, and armistice agreements signed with neighboring countries, Israel parlayed this commitment into the much vaguer family reunification program, which it proceeded to apply with Kafkaesque absurdity over the next fifty years. As a result, Palestinians made refugees first in 1948, and later in 1967, continue to be deprived of their legally recognized right to return to their homes and their homeland, and the family reunification program remains the unfulfilled promise of the early years of Israeli statehood.

scholarly journals KEBERHASILAN PERTUMBUHAN STEK PUCUK MINDI BESAR (Melia dubia Cavanilles) TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN MEDIA DAN ZAT PENGATUR TUMBUH Successfully Growth of Shoot Cutting Mindi Besar (Melia dubia Cavanilles) on Media and Growth Regulator

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-140
Author(s):  
Liza Nurul Hayati ◽  
Nurheni Wijayanto ◽  
Yulianti .
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Rooted Cutting ◽  
Evergreen Forests ◽  
Containment Model ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Melia Dubia ◽  
Secondary Roots

Mindi besar (Melia dubia Cavanilles) is one of fast growing tree species from family Meliaceae which growing in tropical evergreen forests. The aim of this study was to determine the best combination of medium and growth regulator for vegetative propagation of mindi besar trees. The completely randomized factorial design was used two factors; medium (M) there were two types of media; zeolite (M1) and soil + rice husk (2:1 v/v) medium (M2), the growth regulator (H) had three levels; control (H0), pure coconut water (H1), and Auksin sintetis (H3). The study was conducted at two locations, first at green house with rooting room KOFFCO System and second at seedbed with rooting room containment model (MS). The research at greenhouse using rooting room KOFFCO System showed that interaction of media with growth regulator had a very significant effect on the percentage of fresh cuttings and rooted cuttings and had a significant effect on the number of primary roots. The averages of percentage of fresh cuttings and rooting were 83.3% and 66.7% for M1H2 and 76% and 60% for M2H0. The M2H1 reached 2.9 number of primary roots. At the MS model, the medium factor had significantly different only the number of secondary roots (18.11). The growth regulator factors had significantly different on the percentage of rooted cutting (3.33%), root lenght (10.5 cm) and root dry weight (0.18 g).Key words: containment model, KOFFCO system, Rootone-F, zeolite.

Family and Early Years

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Michael Llewellyn-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Family Life ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Victor Hugo ◽  
Mountain Village ◽  
The Family

This chapter describes Venizelos's family life and connections, and his early upbringing. His mother Styliani was illiterate, from Therisso, a mountain village in western Crete involved in Cretan uprisings against the Ottomans. His father Kyriakos was a Greek nationalist tested by quarrels with Ottoman authorities and successive exiles in Greece, during which he acquired Greek nationality. They had four daughters, one disabled boy, and Eleftherios (Lefteris) Venizelos. the only healthy boy of the family. The 1866 uprising, in which the destruction of Arkadi monastery aroused sympathy in liberal quarters of Western Europe (Victor Hugo), forced the family to leave for the Greek islands, Kythera then Syros. This was Venizelos's first exile in a lifetime of travel. His education began on Syros and continued in Chania, where his father established a glass and china shop. He carried his impressions of the Cretan landscape and soundscape with him throughout his life: a 'yearning for Crete'.

Bahamian Labor Migration to Florida in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries

1988 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-103
Author(s):  
Howard Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Labor Migration ◽  
Early Years ◽  
West Indians ◽  
The Bahamas ◽  
Agricultural Export ◽  
Period 1880 ◽  
The Family ◽  
Permanent Migration ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Outward Migration

In the period 1880–1920 wage-labor migration of Bahamians, unlike that of other British West Indians, was primarily to the nearby State of Florida. This article examines the economic structure of the Bahamas which, with the decline of major agricultural export staples, promoted this outward migration particularly to Miami in the early years of the twentieth century. It discusses the implications of oscillating and permanent migration for the sending area. This discussion involves a consideration of the effects of labor migration on the family and out-island agriculture and the impact of remittances on economic development in the Bahamas.

Family Environment in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity, Oppositional Defiant and Conduct Disorders

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Rey ◽  
Garry Walter ◽  
Jon M. Plapp ◽  
Elise Denshire
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Oppositional Defiant Disorder ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Conduct Disorders ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
The Family

Objective: This study aims to ascertain whether there were differences in family environment among patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. Method: The records of 233 patients, selected for high or low scores on a scale that taps ADHD symptoms, were reviewed by three clinicians who made DSM-IV diagnoses and rated the family environment with the Global Family Environment Scale (GFES). Self-report data obtained from the parent and child versions of the Child Behaviour Checklist were also used. The quality of the family environment was then compared between the various diagnostic groups. Results: A poorer family environment was associated with conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder and predicted a worse outcome (e.g. admission to a non-psychiatric institution, drug and alcohol abuse). Quality of the family environment did not vary according to ADHD diagnosis or gender. Conclusions: There seems to be no association between the quality of the family environment and a diagnosis of ADHD among referred adolescents. However, there is an association with conduct disorder. Interventions that improve family environment in the early years of life may prevent the development of conduct problems.

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