scholarly journals 343 Effects of Jiffy Forestry Peat Pellets on Rooting and Subsequent Field Performance of Stem Cuttings of Loblolly Pine

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 451B-451
Author(s):  
Anthony V. LeBude ◽  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
Barry Goldfarb
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
First Year ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Pellet Size ◽  
Control Field ◽  
Control Root ◽  
Sib Families

Experiments conducted in January (hardwood cuttings) and June (softwood cuttings) 1998 compared rooting and root dry weight (DW) of stem cuttings of three full-sib families of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) rooted in Jiffy forestry peat pellets and Ray Leach Super Cells. Ray Leach Super Cells (vol.= 162 cm3) served as the control and contained a medium of 2 peat: 3 perlite (v/v). Pellet sizes used were 25-65, 30-65, 36-65, 36-75, 42-65, 42-80, and 50-95 (dry diam.-expanded height in mm). Cuttings were taken from hedged stock plants and rooted for 12 weeks under mist in a humidity-controlled greenhouse. Following evaluation for rooting in the June experiment, ≈500 rooted cuttings in pellets and Ray Leach Super Cells were field-planted in eastern Georgia in December 1998 to study the effect of pellet size and cutting development on first-year field growth. Rooting percentages in January for hardwood cuttings rooted in pellet sizes 42-80 (36%) and 50-95 (57%) were less than the control (83%). Root DW for each pellet size was less than the control. Rooting percentage in June for softwood cuttings rooted in pellet size 36-65 (77%) was greater than the control (64%) whereas rooting percentages for cuttings rooted in pellet sizes 42-80 (50%) and 50-95 (52%) were less than the control. Root DWs for cuttings in pellet sizes 25-65, 30-65, 36-65, and 42-65 were less than the control. Field performance data will be presented.

scholarly journals Influence of Stock Plant Nitrogen Fertilization on Rooting Stem Cuttings of Loblolly Pine

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 805D-805
Author(s):  
D.B. Rowe ◽  
F.A. Blazich ◽  
F.C. Wise ◽  
S.L. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Stock Plant ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Complete Nutrient Solution

Containerized, 1.5-year-old, hedged stock plants of four full-sib families of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were fertilized daily with a complete nutrient solution containing 9 ppm P, 38 ppm K, and either 0, 5, 10, 20, or 40 ppm N. Softwood cuttings were removed in May and July 1994, and placed under intermittent mist at two locations: Raleigh and Summerville. Overall rooting was significantly greater at Summerville (49%) than in Raleigh (37%). Cuttings taken in May rooted at significantly greater percentages than the July cuttings (57% vs. 29%). Overall rooting (56%) and root area (12 cm2) were greatest at 40 ppm N, whereas root number (two), root dry weight (66 mg), and total root length (108 cm) were maximized at 20 ppm N. Although family was not significant, a family × nitrogen interaction occurred. For both rooting trials, maximum rooting (83%) was noted for May cuttings rooted in Summerville, which were taken from stock plants of one family fertilized with 20 ppm N.

scholarly journals The Association of a Longidorus Species with Stunting and Root Damage of Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L.) Seedlings

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (7) ◽  
pp. 803-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen W. Fraedrich ◽  
Michelle M. Cram
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Seedling Root ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

A Longidorus species was consistently associated with patches of stunted and chlorotic loblolly pine seedlings at a forest-tree nursery in Georgia. Seedlings from affected areas had poorly developed root systems that lacked lateral and feeder roots. Longidorus population densities in composite soil samples from the margins of patches ranged from 9 to 67 nematodes per 100 cm3 of soil. In a growth chamber experiment, seedling root dry weight decreased with respect to the initial Longidorus dose as well as the final Longidorus populations in containers. The dry root weight of seedlings were 0.117, 0.090, 0.066, and 0.065 g in containers initially infested with 0, 50, 100, and 200 Longidorus, respectively. Lateral and fine roots were lacking on seedlings at the highest doses. Populations of Longidorus increased in all containers during the experiment. Damage to loblolly pine seedlings caused by Longidorus is a previously undescribed problem in southern pine nurseries. Proper diagnosis of the problem by nematode testing laboratories may require the use of extraction techniques specific for larger nematodes such as Longidorus.

Boron Deficiency in a Southern Pine Nursery

1982 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Stone ◽  
C. A. Hollis ◽  
E. L. Barnard
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Boron Deficiency ◽  
First Year ◽  
Normal Height ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Boron deficiency in seedling loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) and slash pine (Pinus elliotti Engelm.) in a northern Florida nursery was diagnosed by: (1) characteristic damage to shoot tips and buds, including necrosis of only part of the terminal; and (2) boron concentrations as low as only 1.9 ppm (dry weight) in affected tissues. Soil and soil-management features associated with deficiency include extremely low silt and clay contents, organic matter levels of 1 percent or less, lack of boron addition, and high calcium irrigation water leading to soil reactions above pH 6 by late summer. Consequences of deficiency were not limited to the nursery. Damaged seedlings that survived outplanting developed into bushy plants incapable of normal height growth in the first year or two.

scholarly journals Mist, Vapor Pressure Deficit, and Cutting Water Potential Influence Rooting of Stem Cuttings of Loblolly Pine

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 890D-890
Author(s):  
Anthony V. LeBude* ◽  
Barry Goldfarb ◽  
Frank A. Blazich
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Adventitious Root Formation ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Range Of Values

Producing high quality rooted stem cuttings on a large scale requires precise management of the rooting environment. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the rooting environment on adventitious root formation of stem cuttings of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Hardwood stem cuttings of loblolly pine were collected in Feb. 2002 from hedged stock plants and stored at 4 °C until setting in Apr. 2002. One hundred stem cuttings per plot in each of two replications received 45, 61, 73, 102, 147, or 310 mL·m-2 of mist delivered intermittently by a traveling gantry (boom) system. Mist frequency was similar for all treatments and was related inversely to relative humidity (RH) within the polyethylene covered greenhouse. Rooting tubs in each plot were filled with a substrate of fine silica sand, and substrate water potential was held constant using soil tensiometers that activated a subirrigation system. Cutting water potential was measured destructively on two cuttings per plot beginning at 0500 hr every 3 hh until 2300 hr (seven measurements) 7, 14, 21, or 28 days after setting. During rooting, leaf temperature and RH were recorded in each plot to calculate vapor pressure deficit (VPD). Cutting water potential and VPD were strongly related to mist application. Cutting water potential was also related to VPD. Rooting percentage had a linear and quadratic relationship with mean cutting water potential and VPD averaged between 1000 and 1800 HR. Eighty percent rooting occurred within a range of values for VPD. Data suggest that VPD can be used to manage the water deficit of stem cuttings of loblolly pine to increase rooting percentage. These results may be applicable to other species and to other rooting environments.

scholarly journals Mist Level Influences Vapor Pressure Deficit and Gas Exchange During Rooting of Juvenile Stem Cuttings of Loblolly Pine

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1448-1456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony V. LeBude ◽  
Barry Goldfarb ◽  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
John Frampton ◽  
Farrell C. Wise
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Adventitious Root Formation ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Ambient Conditions

Two experiments were conducted during which juvenile hardwood or softwood stem cuttings of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were rooted under six mist regimes in a polyethylene-covered greenhouse to investigate the effect of mist level on vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and cutting water potential (Ψcut), and to determine the relationships between these variables and rooting percentage. In addition, net photosynthesis at ambient conditions (Aambient) and stomatal conductance (gs) were measured in stem cuttings during adventitious root formation to determine their relationship to rooting percentage. Hardwood stem cuttings rooted ≥80% when mean daily VPD between 1000 and 1800 hr ranged from 0.60 to 0.85 kPa. Although rooting percentage was related to Ψcut, and Aambient was related to Ψcut, rooting percentage of softwood stem cuttings was not related to Aambient of stem cuttings. Using VPD as a control mechanism for mist application during adventitious rooting of stem cuttings of loblolly pine might increase rooting percentages across a variety of rooting environments.

scholarly journals WholeTree Substrate and Fertilizer Rate in Production of Greenhouse-grown Petunia (Petunia ×hybrida Vilm.) and Marigold (Tagetes patula L.)

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 700-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn B. Fain ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam ◽  
Jeff L. Sibley ◽  
Cheryl R. Boyer ◽  
Anthony L. Witcher
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Petunia Hybrida ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Hammer Mill ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Starter Fertilizer ◽  
Industry Standard

A substrate component (WholeTree) made from loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) was evaluated along with starter fertilizer rate in the production of greenhouse-grown petunia (Petunia ×hybrida Vilm. ‘Dreams Purple’) and marigold (Tagetes patula L. ‘Hero Spry’). Loblolly pine from a 12-year-old plantation were harvested at ground level, chipped, and further processed through a hammer mill to pass a 0.64-cm screen. The resulting WholeTree (WT) substrate was used alone or combined with 20% (WTP2) or 50% (WTP5) (by volume) Canadian sphagnum peatmoss and compared with an industry standard peat-lite (PL) mix of 8 peatmoss : 1 vermiculite : 1 perlite (by volume). Substrates were amended with 1.78 kg·m−3 dolomitic lime, 0.59 kg·m−3 gypsum [CaSO4-2(H2O)], 0.44 kg·m−3 Micromax, 1.78 kg·m−3 16N–2.6P–9.9K (3- to 4-month release), and 1.78 kg·m−3 16N–2.6P–10.8K (5- to 6-month release). A 7N–1.3P–8.3K starter fertilizer (SF) was added to each substrate at 0.0, 1.19, 2.37, or 3.56 kg·m−3. Container capacity (CC) was greatest for PL and decreased as the percentage of peatmoss in the substrate decreased with WT having 35% less CC than PL. Conversely, air space (AS) was greatest for the WT and decreased as percentage of peatmoss increased with PL containing 33% less AS than WT. In general, petunia dry weight was greatest for any substrate containing peatmoss with a SF rate of 2.37 kg·m−3 or greater. The exception was that petunia grown in WT at 3.56 kg·m−3 SF had similar dry weight as all other treatments. Marigold dry weight was similar for all substrates where at least 2.37 kg·m−3 SF was used.

scholarly journals Early Field Growth of Loblolly Pine Rooted Cuttings and Seedlings

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Frampton ◽  
Bailian Li ◽  
Barry Goldfarb
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Rooted Cutting ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Improvement Programs

Abstract Early growth and fusiform rust resistance of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) rooted cuttings and seedlings from the same nine full-sib families established on two sites (Nassau Co., FL and Monroe Co., AL) were compared. Although site effects on growth were large, height, diameter and volume growth of the rooted cuttings and seedlings did not differ through the first six growing seasons in the field (with the exception of first year height growth at the Florida site). Fusiform rust (caused by Cronartium quercuum [Berk.] Miyabe ex Shirai f. sp. fusiforme [Cumm.] Burds. et Snow) incidence at age 6 yr was significantly lower in the rooted cuttings than the seedlings at both the Florida site (15.6 versus 22.3 %, respectively) and the Alabama site (46. 0 versus 51.0%, respectively). In addition, correlations of full-sib family performance between (1) rooted cuttings and seedlings and (2) rooted cuttings and seedling progeny test data were positive, statistically significant and moderate to high for both growth traits and fusiform rust incidence. Thus, families or individual trees selected from seedling genetic tests in existing tree improvement programs should also perform well as rooted cuttings. These results and those from similar studies indicate that field performance of loblolly pine rooted cuttings derived from seedling hedges should not be a concern. Large-scale propagation using rooted cuttings will deliver predicted gains from the selection and deployment of elite full-sib families and clones. In addition, the use of rooted cutting planting stock may offer a further reduction in fusiform rust incidence. South. J. Appl. For. 24(2):98-105.

Should Fall Irrigation be Applied at Nurseries Located on Sands?

1988 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-274
Author(s):  
David B. South ◽  
Hans M. Williams ◽  
Alan Webb
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Economic Data ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract In 1985, fall irrigation on an Alpin sand reduced seedling stress and increased production of plantable loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings by 6% (40,000/ac). Applying about 0.5 in. of water/week (for 10 weeks) increased average height by 1 cm, average diameter by 0.4 mm, and average dry weight by 20%. At a cost of $17/ac, the additional irrigations increased crop value by $l,000/ac. Although ceasing fall irrigation has been recommended for nurseries located on sands, biological and economic data are needed to demonstrate that gains from stressing seedlings will offset the potential decrease in production of plantable seedlings. South. J. Appl. For. 12(4):273-274.

Field Performance of Container-Grown Loblolly Pine Seedlings with Specific Ectomycorrhizae on a Reforestation Site In South Carolina

1982 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Ruehle
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Field Validation ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Root Collar

Abstract Container-grown loblolly pine seedlings (Pinus taeda L.) with Pisolithus tinctorius, Thelephora terrestris, or no ectomycorrhizae (control) were outplanted on a South Carolina reforestation site. Two years after planting, seedlings initially colonized with Pisolithus or Thelephora had greater survival, height, and root collar diameter than control seedlings. Growth data were integrated into seedling volume indices (D²H). Seedlings with ectomycorrhizae at planting had nearly a three-fold greater D²H than seedlings initially without ectomycorrhizae. These results provided additional field validation for the hypothesis regarding benefits of ectomycorrhizae on this type of planting stock.

The effect of wrenching on morphology and field performance of Douglas fir and loblolly pine seedlings

1976 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuomi Tanaka ◽  
J. D. Walstad ◽  
J. E. Borrecco
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Second Year

Second-year Douglas fir and 1st-year loblolly pine nursery stock were undercut and wrenched while actively growing in nursery beds. Their morphology and field performance were compared with Douglas fir seedlings that had been undercut only and with loblolly pine seedlings that had been left intact.The treatment produced shorter, thinner-stemmed loblolly pine seedlings with reduced shoot dry weight. Height, diameter, and shoot dry weight of Douglas fir seedlings were virtually unaffected, but root dry weight was increased substantially. Development of fibrous lateral roots was stimulated in both species. As a consequence, shoot–root ratios were considerably improved, and the seedlings were better conditioned to withstand outplanting. On droughty sites, field survival of Douglas fir was increased by 20 percentage points and loblolly pine by 30 percentage points. Wrenching also extended by several weeks the fall and spring planting periods for loblolly pine and the fall planting period for Douglas fir.

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