scholarly journals Genetic Parameters of Somatic Clones of Coastal Douglas-fir at 5½-Years across Washington and Oregon, USA

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 269-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Dean
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Western Washington ◽  
Clonal Heritability ◽  
Test Correlation

AbstractFive genetic tests involving 70 somatic clones of coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii) were planted March-April 1999 in Weyerhaeuser plantations across western Washington and Oregon states, USA. Four of the tests are in Longview and Twin Harbors regions of Washington, and one test is in Springfield, Oregon. Each test is based on single-tree plots with 12 randomized complete-blocks. The 70 coastal Douglas-fir clones were propagated by somatic embryogenesis from two full-sib families that had the same female parent. Results are reported for survival, height, diameter at breast-height (DBH) and volume growth at 5½-years. These tests provide evidence of acceptable growth and survival of somatic trees of coastal Douglas-fir across a range of site conditions. Height had a clonal heritability of 0.25 ± 0.01, DBH 0.21 ± 0.01 and volume 0.20 ± 0.01. The growth traits were all strongly genetically associated with clonal correlations of 0.92 to 0.99. Clonal performance for growth proved quite stable across tests with an overall between-test correlation of 0.84 ± 0.04. There was little variance due to clone x test interactions.

scholarly journals Performance and Genetic Parameters of Somatic and Zygotic Progenies of Coastal Douglas-fir at 71/2-Years across Washington and Oregon, USA

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 212-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Dean ◽  
D. E. Welty ◽  
G. E. Herold
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Western Washington ◽  
Clonal Heritability

Abstract Five genetic tests involving 37 somatic clones of coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii) were planted March 2000 in Weyerhaeuser plantations across western Washington and Oregon States, USA. Four of the tests are in Longview, Twin Harbors and Vail regions of Washington, and one test is in Springfield, Oregon. Each test is based on single-tree plots with 12 randomized complete-blocks. The 37 coastal Douglas-fir clones were propagated by somatic embryogenesis from four full-sib families. Zygotic seedlings from two of these full-sib families were planted across all five tests to allow comparison between somatic and zygotic trees of the same pedigree. Results are reported for survival, stem height, diameter at breast-height (DBH), volume and stem sinuosity at 71/2- years. On average the total population of 37 somatic clones had less stem sinuosity, but grew more slowly than zygotic trees across the five tests studied. However, the best 20% of somatic clones for growth produced 25% greater stem volume at 71/2-years than the zygotic fullsib families. Height had a clonal heritability of 0.61 ± 0.09, DBH 0.64 ± 0.06, volume 0.58 ± 0.08 and stem sinuosity 0.26 ± 0.06. The clonal genetic correlation between height and DBH at 71/2-years was 0.98 ± 0.01, while stem sinuosity was adversely genetically correlated with growth. Clonal performance for growth and stem sinuosity was stable across tests with overall between-test correlations of 0.96 to 0.98. This clonal stability resulted in little variance due to clone x test interactions.

scholarly journals Genetic Parameters of Somatic Clones of Coastal Douglas-fir for Growth, Stem and Wood Traits at 6½ or 7½-Years in Washington and Oregon, USA

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine A. Dean
Keyword(s):  
Growth Traits ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
Wood Traits ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Western Washington ◽  
Clonal Heritability ◽  
A Minor

AbstractFive genetic tests involving 70 somatic clones of coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii) were planted March-April 1999 in Weyerhaeuser plantations across western Washington and Oregon states, USA. Four of the tests are in the Longview and Twin Harbors regions of Washington, and one test is in Springfield, Oregon. Each test is designed as single-tree plots with 12 randomized complete-blocks. The 70 coastal Douglas-fir clones were propagated by somatic embryogenesis (SE) from two full-sib families created by crossings among three parents. Results are reported for height, diameter at breast-height (DBH) and stem volume measured at 71/2-years; and stem sinuosity, stress wave velocity (SWV) and pilodyn at 61/2-years. Withinfamily clonal heritabilities (or repeatabilities) were estimated as the ratio of the variance between-clones within- families to the overall phenotypic variance. Variance between families was not included in the numerator of the heritability equation because the 70 SE clones are from only two full-sib families. Height had a within-family clonal heritability of 0.31 ± 0.04, DBH 0.27 ± 0.04, volume 0.24 ± 0.04, stem sinuosity 0.13 ± 0.02, SWV 0.45 ± 0.04 and pilodyn 0.31 ± 0.04. The three growth traits were all closely genetically associated with clonal correlations among them of 0.86 to 0.98. Clonal performance for growth proved quite stable across tests with an overall betweentest clonal correlation of 0.80 ± 0.04 for stem volume, meaning that clone x test interactions only accounted for a minor part of the total variance. The between-test correlation was 0.79 ± 0.06 for sinuosity, 0.96 ± 0.01 SWV and 0.86 ± 0.03 for pilodyn.

scholarly journals Early Field Growth of Loblolly Pine Rooted Cuttings and Seedlings

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Frampton ◽  
Bailian Li ◽  
Barry Goldfarb
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Rooted Cutting ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Improvement Programs

Abstract Early growth and fusiform rust resistance of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) rooted cuttings and seedlings from the same nine full-sib families established on two sites (Nassau Co., FL and Monroe Co., AL) were compared. Although site effects on growth were large, height, diameter and volume growth of the rooted cuttings and seedlings did not differ through the first six growing seasons in the field (with the exception of first year height growth at the Florida site). Fusiform rust (caused by Cronartium quercuum [Berk.] Miyabe ex Shirai f. sp. fusiforme [Cumm.] Burds. et Snow) incidence at age 6 yr was significantly lower in the rooted cuttings than the seedlings at both the Florida site (15.6 versus 22.3 %, respectively) and the Alabama site (46. 0 versus 51.0%, respectively). In addition, correlations of full-sib family performance between (1) rooted cuttings and seedlings and (2) rooted cuttings and seedling progeny test data were positive, statistically significant and moderate to high for both growth traits and fusiform rust incidence. Thus, families or individual trees selected from seedling genetic tests in existing tree improvement programs should also perform well as rooted cuttings. These results and those from similar studies indicate that field performance of loblolly pine rooted cuttings derived from seedling hedges should not be a concern. Large-scale propagation using rooted cuttings will deliver predicted gains from the selection and deployment of elite full-sib families and clones. In addition, the use of rooted cutting planting stock may offer a further reduction in fusiform rust incidence. South. J. Appl. For. 24(2):98-105.

Development and growth of even-aged stands of Douglas-fir and grand fir

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce C. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Site Class ◽  
Development Patterns ◽  
Western Washington ◽  
Eastern Washington

Stand development patterns and growth rates of even-aged mixed stands of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamensiesii Mirb. Franco) and grand fir (Abiesgrandis Dougl. Lindl.) were investigated by stand reconstruction in eastern Washington. Although Douglas-fir dominated the stands early, grand fir of the same age eventually overtook the tallest Douglas-firs. Dominant trees of both species were found to have highly variable taper form (based on basal area to height ratios), although a linear relationship existed in other crown classes. Stem volume growth rates were determined by reconstructing past diameters and heights and were found comparable to site class IV Douglas-fir in western Washington. Intensive management, especially planting and thinning, could improve upon the observed mean annual increments of 800 board feet per acre at 80 years of age.

scholarly journals Early Selection for Improving Volume Growth in Coastal Douglas-fir Breeding Programs

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 186-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Z. Ye ◽  
K. J. S. Jayawickrama
Keyword(s):  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Growth Increment ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Early Selection ◽  
Family Selection ◽  
Total Growth ◽  
Age Trends

AbstractMeasurements on growth traits up to 41 years of age from 68 progeny sites in eight first-generation breeding zones of coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [MIRB.] FRANCO var. menziesii) in the US Pacific Northwest were used to investigate age trends of genetic parameters and to determine optimum age of selection. Heritabilities and age-age genetic correlations were estimated using univariate or bivariate mixed model analyses. Heritability estimates tended to increase with age for both total growth and growth increment traits. The estimates showed different age trends among breeding zones, but the differences were generally small. Age-age genetic correlations for total growth traits fitted Lambeth’s model surprisingly well, despite the data being collected from multiple breeding zones. Using rotation-age (i.e., 50yr) volume as the selection criterion, the greatest correlated gains per year were achieved by making family selection at juvenile ages (i.e., 9 for height, 13 for diameter, and 11 for volume). Similar results were obtained for within-family selection except that the optimum ages of selection were 2~4 years later than that from family selection, i.e., 11 for height, 15 for diameter and volume. Early selection on total height was always more efficient and had earlier optimum ages than on other growth traits. The optimum ages of early family selection on total growth were 4~11 years earlier than on the corresponding growth increment traits. It was also evident that the optimum ages of selection occurred later for slow-growth trials than for fast-growing trials.

Genetic variation and productivity of Populustrichocarpa and its hybrids. V. The influence of ramet position on 3-year growth variables

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 849-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Dunlap ◽  
P.E. Heilman ◽  
R.F. Stettler
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
First Year ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Western Washington ◽  
Positional Effects ◽  
Crown Closure ◽  
River Valleys ◽  
The Impact

A 3-year study was conducted on the effects of different stem positions (from which cuttings were taken on a stool-bed ortet) on sprouting characteristics and stem growth of Populustrichocarpa Torr. & Gray. In 1986 ramets were collected from five stem positions, evenly distributed from the base to the tip, on three stool-bed ortets of each of 30 clones representing three river valleys in western Washington. Each set of five was planted at 1.22-m spacing in one of three adjacent blocks in an experimental field in Puyallup, Washington. First-year results showed that cuttings from the upper two positions tended to leaf out earlier and develop a single rather than multiple stem as compared with those from the lower positions. Analyses of variance of growth traits showed significant position, position–river, and position–clone within river interaction effects. Positional effects on sprouting and growth were strong primarily for material from the Dungeness River. At the end of the 3rd year, the largest Dungeness ramets (from position 2 near the top) averaged 860 cm in height and 7.3 cm in diameter, whereas the smallest (from position 4) averaged 753 and 5.8 cm, respectively. By this time, it appeared that the shorter trees had begun to suffer from competition associated with crown closure. Thus, the impact of competition in a tightly spaced, multiclonal plantation can influence the ultimate growth and survival of different clones and thereby bias a genetic evaluation.

scholarly journals Diameter growth and survival of local half-sib families of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in Yundola, Bulgaria

Genetika ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 819-829
Author(s):  
Petar Zhelev ◽  
Ivan Evtimov
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Genetic Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Genetic Coefficient

The paper presents results of a study on a progeny test in Yundola established in 1966 and comprising 26 local plus trees of Scots Pine. Diameters at breast height (DBH) were measured in 1996 and 2012. There were substantial differences among the performance of half-sib families regarding the diameter growth. The best performing families 30 and 46 years after planting were the same, but there were statistically significant changes in the rank of the families as a whole. Mean survival rate was 91% at the age of 30 and 79% at the age of 46, which is relatively high. Individual heritability increased from 0.2 to 0.5-0.6 from the age 30 to 46 and additive genetic coefficient of variation was 5.2% at the age of 30 and 10.1% at the age of 46. Heritabilities and estimated response to selection were within the range of the results reported in other studies on Scots Pine. The main inferences of the study are that individual selection could be a promising tool for genetic improvement of Scots Pine in the region, and genetic parameters could change over time even after 30 years of age.

Wachstum und Wertleistung der Douglasie in Abhängigkeit von der Standraumgestaltung

2012 ◽  
Vol 163 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Klädtke ◽  
Ulrich Kohnle ◽  
Edgar Kublin ◽  
Andreas Ehring ◽  
Hans Pretzsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wood Quality ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Static Stability ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Monetary Analysis ◽  
Starting Conditions ◽  
Tree Number ◽  
Clear Differentiation ◽  
Further Development

Growth and value production of Douglas-fir under varying stand densities The investigation is focused on the effects of initial tree number and thinning on growth and value performance of Douglas-fir stands. Data base is a coordinated Douglas-fir spacing experiment in South Germany, started 40 years ago and comprising variants of tree numbers with 500, 1,000, 2,000 and 4,000 Douglas-firs per hectare. The treatment was performed according to a standardized experiment program. The results show that at low initial tree numbers, the diameter on breast height (DBH) of (pre)dominant trees at the beginning of the observations (with 12 m top height) is bigger than at higher initial plant numbers. Accordingly, the quotient of height (H) to DBH (as an indicator for tree's static stability) is lower. The further development of DBH and H/DBH quotient is decisively determined by stand treatment, which superimposes the effect of the initial tree number. The total volume growth shows a clear differentiation, too, the variants with initially high tree numbers appearing on top. In the monetary analysis, this ranking is reversed: despite a supposed inferior wood quality, the variants with lower initial tree numbers clearly outperform the ones with higher numbers in terms of value. From these results, the following silvicultural recommendations for Douglas-fir can be derived: the initial tree numbers should be in the range from 1,000 to 2,000 plants per hectare. On technically not accessible sites, even lower tree numbers may come into question. The strong influence of stand treatment on DBH and H/DBH development highlights the problem of postponed thinnings, for this causes growth and stability losses even under favorable starting conditions in terms of competition.

scholarly journals Non-Destructive Assessment of Wood Stiffness in Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and its Use in Forest Tree Improvement

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Fundova ◽  
Tomas Funda ◽  
Harry X. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Wood Stiffness ◽  
Standing Trees ◽  
Genetic And Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Using Data

Wood stiffness is an important wood mechanical property that predetermines the suitability of sawn timber for construction purposes. Negative genetic correlations between wood stiffness and growth traits have, however, been reported for many conifer species including Scots pine. It is, therefore, important that breeding programs consider wood stiffness and growth traits simultaneously. The study aims to (1) evaluate different approaches of calculating the dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOE, non-destructively assessed stiffness) using data from X-ray analysis (SilviScan) as a benchmark, (2) estimate genetic parameters, and (3) apply index selection. In total, we non-destructively measured 622 standing trees from 175 full-sib families for acoustic velocity (VEL) using Hitman and for wood density (DEN) using Resistograph and Pilodyn. We combined VEL with different wood densities, raw (DENRES) and adjusted (DENRES.TB) Resistograph density, Pilodyn density measured with (DENPIL) and without bark (DENPIL.B), constant of 1000 kg·m−3 (DENCONST), and SilviScan density (DENSILV), to calculate MOEs and compare them with the benchmark SilviScan MOE (MOESILV). We also derived Smith–Hazel indices for simultaneous improvement of stem diameter (DBH) and wood stiffness. The highest additive genetic and phenotypic correlations of the benchmark MOESILV with the alternative MOE measures (tested) were attained by MOEDENSILV (0.95 and 0.75, respectively) and were closely followed by MOEDENRES.TB (0.91 and 0.70, respectively) and MOEDENCONST and VEL (0.91 and 0.65, respectively for both). Correlations with MOEDENPIL, MOEDENPIL.B, and MOEDENRES were lower. Narrow-sense heritabilities were moderate, ranging from 0.39 (MOESILV) to 0.46 (MOEDENSILV). All indices revealed an opportunity for joint improvement of DBH and MOE. Conclusions: MOEDENRES.TB appears to be the most efficient approach for indirect selection for wood stiffness in Scots pine, although VEL alone and MOEDENCONST have provided very good results too. An index combining DBH and MOEDENRES.TB seems to offer the best compromise for simultaneous improvement of growth, fiber, and wood quality traits.

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