scholarly journals Control of Low-Level Nantucket Pine Tip Moth Populations: A Cost-Benefit Analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 182-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Asaro ◽  
Douglas R. Carter ◽  
C. Wayne Berisford
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Damage Threshold ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Economic Injury Level ◽  
Nantucket Pine Tip Moth ◽  
Intensively Managed

Abstract The Nantucket pine tip moth, Rhyacionia frustrana, an important pest of intensively managed loblolly pine, can cause significant long-term volume loss in plantations. The primary objective of this study was to establish an economic damage threshold beyond which chemical control of this pest becomes cost-effective. Tip moth damage estimates were obtained from 200 trees for each generation over a 3-year period after planting on two sites in the Georgia Piedmont. A volume index (D2H) was obtained for each of these trees at the end of the study. Significant reductions in volume were observed among trees with relatively low damage levels (10–30% of shoots infested on average over a 3-year period) compared with those trees sprayed with insecticide throughout the study. Growth projection models were used to extrapolate 3-year volume differences among treatments to a full rotation. These and other parameters were used to calculate land expectation values and, subsequently, willingness to pay values for tip moth control at the beginning of the rotation using various discount rates. The results of this analysis suggest that an economic injury level for R. frustrana may be reached when damage levels, on average, exceed 30% infested shoots. South. J. Appl. For. 30(4):182–187.

scholarly journals Irrigation and Fertilization Effects on Nantucket Pine Tip Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Damage Levels and Pupal Weight in an Intensively-Managed Pine Plantation2

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Coyle ◽  
John T. Nowak ◽  
Christopher J. Fettig
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Nantucket Pine Tip Moth ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

The widespread application of intensive forest management practices throughout the southeastern U.S. has increased loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., yields and shortened conventional rotation lengths. Fluctuations in Nantucket pine tip moth, Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock), population density and subsequent damage levels have been linked to variations in management intensity. We examined the effects of two practices, irrigation and fertilization, on R. frustrana damage levels and pupal weights in an intensively-managed P. taeda plantation in South Carolina. Trees received intensive weed control and one of the following treatments: irrigation only, fertilization only, irrigation + fertilization, or control. Mean whole-tree tip moth damage levels ranged from <1 to 48% during this study. Damage levels differed significantly among treatments in two tip moth generations in 2001, but not 2000. Pupal weight was significantly heavier in fertilization compared to the irrigation treatment in 2000, but no significant differences were observed in 2001. Tree diameter, height, and aboveground volume were significantly greater in the irrigation + fertilization than in the irrigation treatment after two growing seasons. Our data suggest that intensive management practices that include irrigation and fertilization do not consistently increase R. frustrana damage levels and pupal weights as is commonly believed. However, tip moth suppression efforts in areas adjacent to our study may have partially reduced the potential impacts of R. frustrana on this experiment.

scholarly journals Analysis of Climate Change’s Effect on Flood Risk. Case Study of Reinosa in the Ebro River Basin

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1114
Author(s):  
Eduardo Lastrada ◽  
Guillermo Cobos ◽  
Francisco Javier Torrijo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation

Floods are one of the natural hazards that could be most affected by climate change, causing great economic damage and casualties in the world. On December 2019 in Reinosa (Cantabria, Spain), took place one of the worst floods in memory. Implementation of DIRECTIVE 2007/60/EC for the assessment and management of flood risks in Spain enabled the detection of this river basin with a potential significant flood risk via a preliminary flood risk assessment, and flood hazard and flood risk maps were developed. The main objective of this paper is to present a methodology to estimate climate change’s effects on flood hazard and flood risk, with Reinosa as the case study. This river basin is affected by the snow phenomenon, even more sensitive to climate change. Using different climate models, regarding a scenario of comparatively high greenhouse gas emissions (RCP8.5), with daily temperature and precipitation data from years 2007–2070, and comparing results in relative terms, flow rate and flood risk variation due to climate change are estimated. In the specific case of Reinosa, the MRI-CGCM3 model shows that climate change will cause a significant increase of potential affected inhabitants and economic damage due to flood risk. This evaluation enables us to define mitigation actions in terms of cost–benefit analysis and prioritize the ones that should be included in flood risk management plans.

scholarly journals Effects of Nantucket Pine Tip Moth Insecticide Spray Schedules on Loblolly Pine Seedlings

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Fettig ◽  
Kenneth W. McCravy ◽  
C. Wayne Berisford
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Nantucket Pine Tip Moth ◽  
Rhyacionia Frustrana ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Insecticide Sprays ◽  
Insecticide Spray

Abstract Frequent and prolonged insecticide applications to control the Nantucket pine tip moth, Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (NPTM), although effective, may be impractical and uneconomical for commercial timber production. Timed insecticide sprays of permethrin (Pounce 3.2® EC) were applied to all possible combinations of spray schedules for three annual NPTM generations during the first, second, and first and second years following stand establishment. An optimal insecticide spray schedule that minimized the number of costly insecticide applications and maximized volume index in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) was determined by applying a single spray during the first generation of the first and second years following planting. This schedule eliminates four sprays over a 2 yr period when compared to standard insecticide application schedules and has important implications toward establishing an integrated pest management program for this common regeneration pest. South. J. Appl. For. 24(2): 106-111.

scholarly journals Cost-Benefit Analysis of Mixing Gray and Green Infrastructures to Adapt to Sea Level Rise in the Vietnamese Mekong River Delta

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10356
Author(s):  
Pham Thi Oanh ◽  
Makoto Tamura ◽  
Naoko Kumano ◽  
Quang Van Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Well Being ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Mekong River ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Mekong River Delta

This study evaluated inundation impacts and the economic damage resulting from sea level rise (SLR) in the Vietnamese Mekong River Delta (VMRD), and identified the effectiveness of mixing gray and green infrastructures using cost-benefit analysis. The results showed that the VMRD could potentially be heavily affected by SLR. Without the implementation of proper adaptations, more than 90% of this area could be below sea level and nearly 20 million people could be affected by inundation by the end of the 21st century. The total economic damage could reach more than 22,000 billion US$ (2010 real value) by 2100 with no discount rate. These threats may increase the pressure on the region to ensure well-being, equity, and progress towards achieving sustainable development goals. However, achieving these goals will require the implementation of adaptations for upgrading and restoring in the region. This study assessed the effectiveness of adaptations and demonstrated that mixing gray and green infrastructures could benefit coastal inhabitants at a cost of 12 to 19 billion US$.

The Nantucket Pine Tip Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): A Literature Review with Management Implications

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Asaro ◽  
Christopher J. Fettig ◽  
Kenneth W. McCravy ◽  
John T. Nowak ◽  
C. Wayne Berisford
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Intensive Forest Management ◽  
Nantucket Pine Tip Moth ◽  
Rhyacionia Frustrana ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Management Recommendations

The Nantucket pine tip moth, Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock), an important pest of intensively-managed loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., was first noted in the scientific literature in 1879. This pest gained notoriety with the establishment of loblolly pine monocultures throughout the southeastern United States during the 1950s. Current intensive forest management practices have led to increasing interest in managing this insect. Herein we review all Nantucket pine tip moth literature (1879–2002) by addressing the following subjects: biology and life history, natural enemies, sampling methodologies, site and stand influences, economic impact, and management strategies. Further, we provide management recommendations in the form of a decision chart that is based upon the best available information to date and our collective experience.

The Use of Cost-Benefit Analysis for Evaluating Efficiency of Public Investment Projects (The Case of Sochi-2014 Winter Olympic Games)

2011 ◽  
pp. 57-78
Author(s):  
I. Pilipenko
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Investment Efficiency ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
The Usa

The paper analyzes shortcomings of economic impact studies based mainly on input- output models that are often employed in Russia as well as abroad. Using studies about sport events in the USA and Olympic Games that took place during the last 30 years we reveal advantages of the cost-benefit analysis approach in obtaining unbiased assessments of public investments efficiency; the step-by-step method of cost-benefit analysis is presented in the paper as well. We employ the project of Sochi-2014 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games in Russia to evaluate its efficiency using cost-benefit analysis for five accounts (areas of impact), namely government, households, environment, economic development, and social development, and calculate the net present value of the project taking into account its possible alternatives. In conclusion we suggest several policy directions that would enhance public investment efficiency within the Sochi-2014 Olympics.

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