Availability of Wood-Residue Fuels for Agribusiness and Industry in Georgia

1982 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Glenn C. W. Ames ◽  
Harold O. Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Wood Residue ◽  
Logging Residues ◽  
Wood Residues ◽  
Wood Fuels

Abstract A survey of 278 sawmills and other sources of wood residues in Georgia revealed that wood fuels were available at $3.86 to $5.69 per ton FOB, the source. Unsold wood residues were available in volumes necessary to meet the needs of 7 of 14 firms considering use of wood fuels. If these nonforest product firms converted to wood fuels, the savings in annual energy costs would range from 23 to 57 percent, depending upon the fossil fuel currently being used. However, other firms would have to either pay prices higher than $6 per ton for wood residues or purchase logging residues in order to generate the supply of wood fuels necessary to meet their requirements.

scholarly journals Sustainable Building: High Performance Timber Bridges

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (23) ◽  
pp. 1426
Author(s):  
Julio Vivas ◽  
Juan Carlos Santos
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Sustainable Building ◽  
The Future ◽  
Timber Bridges

Steel and concrete are fantastic materials that will continue to be fundamental in the future, but we cannot ignore their high energy costs and carbon footprint. As well as is expected a transition from fossils fuels to renewable energy sources, the change from fossil fuel-based building materials to renewables will also be inevitable in the future of construction.

Cost of renewable energy will fall further globally

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Energy Growth ◽  
Photovoltaic Power ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
First Choice

Subject Declining costs of renewable energy. Significance Recent auctions and 'levelised cost of energy' (LCOE) studies show that the costs of wind and solar photovoltaic power are now competitive with fossil-fuel power generation in an increasing number of scenarios. Impacts Competitive renewable energy costs will encourage governments to adopt renewables as first-choice technologies. While positive for emissions, higher renewables adoption will slow growth in international fossil fuel trade to the detriment of exporters. Variable renewable energy growth will increase demand for system-balancing technologies, such as interconnectors and electricity storage.

scholarly journals Wood Residues in the Moratuwa Woodworking Industry Cluster of Sri Lanka: Potential for Sector Synergies and Value-Added Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-390
Author(s):  
Shashika Himandi ◽  
Priyan Perera ◽  
Hiran Amarasekera ◽  
Rajitha Rupasinghe ◽  
Richard P. Vlosky
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
Industry Cluster ◽  
Wood Residue ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Wood Residues ◽  
End Use

Abstract The Moratuwa Woodworking Industry Cluster (MWIC) is a geographically concentrated cluster of over 1,600 small-to-medium scale wood-based manufacturing and retail facilities in Sri Lanka. Firms include furniture manufacturers, carpentry shops, sawmills, and integrated sawmills. The concept of industrial symbiosis explores the synergies between industrial facilities to exchange energy, water, by-products, and waste to achieve a higher efficiency in resource utilization. This research was undertaken to address the lack of quantitative information on wood residues generated within the MWIC. A survey of 180 primary and secondary wood product manufacturers was undertaken to quantify MWIC firm by-product production and consumption of wood residues to establish a baseline for possible end use and waste synergies. The total population of enterprises generating wood waste is 730; retail facilities are not included. Sawmills produce approximately 66% of the 6,490 MT of MWIC's monthly wood residue generation, with the balance produced by carpentry and integrated enterprises. Teak (Tectona grandis) and mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) are the dominant species used in the MWIC, accounting for most of the wood waste. Three main types of wood waste were identified in the survey: sawdust (76.5%), boards with significant wane (16.5%) unusable for further products, and offcuts (6.9%). Only 55% of the wood waste generated in MWIC is currently used; the remaining 45% is taken to landfills or disposed of in other ways, such as discarded in waterways or other nonapproved locations. Improved wood waste sorting by type at the mill level and aggregated wood waste within the MWIC was determined to increase the usability of wood waste as potential inputs in other wood manufacturing sectors in the MWIC.

Organic matter characteristics and water-stable aggregation of a sandy loam soil after 9 years of wood-residue applications

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N'dayegamiye ◽  
D. A. Angers
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Wood Residue ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Wood Residues ◽  
Heavy Fractions

The long-term effects of wood-residue applications on soil properties are not well documented. This study was undertaken to characterize the organic matter and aggregation of a sandy loam after 9 yr of biennial application of wood residues (tree clippings) at rates of 25, 50 and 100 Mg ha−1 with and without nitrogen fertilization. Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contents of the whole soil were determined as well as the C content of the density fractions and of the fractions soluble and insoluble to Na4P2O7. In comparison with the control, the whole-soil C content was 16–24% higher following application of wood residues alone and 16–37% higher for application of wood residues supplemented with nitrogen. The treatments had no effect on soil water-stable macroaggregation (> 250 μm). Wood-residue applications had no effect on the humic material (soluble in Na4P2O7) but favored the humin-C content (the fractions insoluble in Na4P2O7) by 25–60% relative to the control. The light-fraction organic matter was on average 68% larger, and the heavy fraction 17% larger, in the treated soils than in the control. On average, 80% of the differences in total organic C induced by residue application could be attributed to differences in the humin and heavy fractions. The long-term effect of wood-residue applications to the soil was, therefore, reflected in an accumulation of the more stable organic matter present as heavy and humin fractions. In addition, the differences in the light fractions suggested a short-term effect of wood-residue applications.Key words: Light and heavy fractions, wood residues, organic C, water-stable aggregates, humic acids, humins

scholarly journals Wood Residue Processing and Utilization in Southeastern Michigan, U.S.

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Pascal Nzokou ◽  
Jessica Simons ◽  
Anthony Weatherspoon
Keyword(s):  
New Products ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Wood Residue ◽  
Wood Supply ◽  
Land Clearing ◽  
Conversion Rates ◽  
Wood Residues ◽  
Tree Removal

This paper is an analysis of southeastern Michigan, U.S.’s wood residue processing and disposal facilities. The analysis was conducted in order to characterize wood supply patterns, evaluate recovery efficiency, and identify potential alternatives for wood residues. Wood collection and processing facilities were identified and surveyed throughout a 14-county area. This study documented at least 180 wood residue yards operating in the region, which employed an average of six employees per yard (for a total of 1,082 employees in the industry). The total volume of wood entering the yards was quantified at 6,659.6 thousand cubic meters (5.3 million metric tons), mainly from land-clearing and tree removal. The wood residue supply was used to produce a total of 2,035.8 thousand cubic meter (1.6 million tons) tons of new products (e.g., wood chips, mulches, firewood), which were mainly sold locally. The overall conversion rate was estimated at 30% for the entire industry, clearly indicating room for improvement. The industry is estimated to contribute approximately USD $40 million to Michigan’s economy. Improvement of conversion rates and value-added product development would require fundamental changes in equipment, training, and processes used by tree service and land clearing companies.

Potential harvest for wood fuels (energy wood) from logging residues and first thinnings in Southern Finland

2001 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juha Malinen ◽  
Mauno Pesonen ◽  
Timo Määttä ◽  
Miika Kajanus
Keyword(s):  
Logging Residues ◽  
Energy Wood ◽  
Wood Fuels

Costs and CO2 benefits of recovering, refining and transporting logging residues for fossil fuel replacement

2011 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 192-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leif Gustavsson ◽  
Lisa Eriksson ◽  
Roger Sathre
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Logging Residues

scholarly journals Inventory of Wood Residues in Southern West Virginia

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn T. Grushecky ◽  
David W. McGill ◽  
R. Bruce Anderson
Keyword(s):  
West Virginia ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Yellow Poplar ◽  
Wood Residue ◽  
Logging Residues ◽  
Sustainable Fashion ◽  
Logging Residue

Abstract Logging residues were inventoried in a 14-county region of southern West Virginia during the summer of 2002. A total of 70 sites that were harvested in 2000–2001 were sampled. The average overall weight of wood residue left after harvest in the region was 10.4 tons per acre (T/ac). Oak (Quercus spp.) was the most prevalent species group by weight, averaging 5.0 T/ac over the study area. Miscellaneous hardwoods, yellow-poplar, and maple species (Acer spp.) followed the oaks with 2.7, 1.2, and 1.2 T/ac, respectively. The average large-end and small-end diameter of the pieces measured on intensive lines was 9.2 and 4.9 in., respectively. The average length of all logging residue was 20.4 ft. Wood residue loads after timber harvesting in West Virginia continue to be substantial. Although yellow-poplar and other soft hardwood residues alone do not provide an adequate fiber resource to supply new engineered wood products facilities, these residues can supplement current needs. Attention should be given toward increasing the use of these residues in West Virginia, especially in attracting industry that can use oak and mixed hardwood logging residues in a sustainable fashion.

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