scholarly journals Wood Residue Processing and Utilization in Southeastern Michigan, U.S.

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Pascal Nzokou ◽  
Jessica Simons ◽  
Anthony Weatherspoon
Keyword(s):  
New Products ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Wood Residue ◽  
Wood Supply ◽  
Land Clearing ◽  
Conversion Rates ◽  
Wood Residues ◽  
Tree Removal

This paper is an analysis of southeastern Michigan, U.S.’s wood residue processing and disposal facilities. The analysis was conducted in order to characterize wood supply patterns, evaluate recovery efficiency, and identify potential alternatives for wood residues. Wood collection and processing facilities were identified and surveyed throughout a 14-county area. This study documented at least 180 wood residue yards operating in the region, which employed an average of six employees per yard (for a total of 1,082 employees in the industry). The total volume of wood entering the yards was quantified at 6,659.6 thousand cubic meters (5.3 million metric tons), mainly from land-clearing and tree removal. The wood residue supply was used to produce a total of 2,035.8 thousand cubic meter (1.6 million tons) tons of new products (e.g., wood chips, mulches, firewood), which were mainly sold locally. The overall conversion rate was estimated at 30% for the entire industry, clearly indicating room for improvement. The industry is estimated to contribute approximately USD $40 million to Michigan’s economy. Improvement of conversion rates and value-added product development would require fundamental changes in equipment, training, and processes used by tree service and land clearing companies.

scholarly journals Wood Residues in the Moratuwa Woodworking Industry Cluster of Sri Lanka: Potential for Sector Synergies and Value-Added Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-390
Author(s):  
Shashika Himandi ◽  
Priyan Perera ◽  
Hiran Amarasekera ◽  
Rajitha Rupasinghe ◽  
Richard P. Vlosky
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
Industry Cluster ◽  
Wood Residue ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Wood Residues ◽  
End Use

Abstract The Moratuwa Woodworking Industry Cluster (MWIC) is a geographically concentrated cluster of over 1,600 small-to-medium scale wood-based manufacturing and retail facilities in Sri Lanka. Firms include furniture manufacturers, carpentry shops, sawmills, and integrated sawmills. The concept of industrial symbiosis explores the synergies between industrial facilities to exchange energy, water, by-products, and waste to achieve a higher efficiency in resource utilization. This research was undertaken to address the lack of quantitative information on wood residues generated within the MWIC. A survey of 180 primary and secondary wood product manufacturers was undertaken to quantify MWIC firm by-product production and consumption of wood residues to establish a baseline for possible end use and waste synergies. The total population of enterprises generating wood waste is 730; retail facilities are not included. Sawmills produce approximately 66% of the 6,490 MT of MWIC's monthly wood residue generation, with the balance produced by carpentry and integrated enterprises. Teak (Tectona grandis) and mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) are the dominant species used in the MWIC, accounting for most of the wood waste. Three main types of wood waste were identified in the survey: sawdust (76.5%), boards with significant wane (16.5%) unusable for further products, and offcuts (6.9%). Only 55% of the wood waste generated in MWIC is currently used; the remaining 45% is taken to landfills or disposed of in other ways, such as discarded in waterways or other nonapproved locations. Improved wood waste sorting by type at the mill level and aggregated wood waste within the MWIC was determined to increase the usability of wood waste as potential inputs in other wood manufacturing sectors in the MWIC.

scholarly journals Chemical industry and value-added trade – A comparative study on Hungary and Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawel Folfas ◽  
Beáta Udvari
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
New Products ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Production Networks ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Global Production Networks ◽  
The World ◽  
Chemical Products

Nowadays, global production networks (GPN) and global value chains (GVC) play an important role in the world economy intensifying the trade and production networks and resulting in products having value-added in different countries. The analysis of how many intermediate products a country imports in order to produce a product and of how many products a country exports to another country in order to produce new products draws the attention to value-added trade. In the present study, we compare the Hungarian and Polish value-added trade of chemicals and chemical products. We use the OECD-WTO data of value-added trade, which is based on an input-output table. By calculating numerous indices, we reveal that the domestic value-added of chemicals and chemical products in the two countries was relatively low and should be increased by adequate economic policy.

Availability of Wood-Residue Fuels for Agribusiness and Industry in Georgia

1982 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Glenn C. W. Ames ◽  
Harold O. Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Wood Residue ◽  
Logging Residues ◽  
Wood Residues ◽  
Wood Fuels

Abstract A survey of 278 sawmills and other sources of wood residues in Georgia revealed that wood fuels were available at $3.86 to $5.69 per ton FOB, the source. Unsold wood residues were available in volumes necessary to meet the needs of 7 of 14 firms considering use of wood fuels. If these nonforest product firms converted to wood fuels, the savings in annual energy costs would range from 23 to 57 percent, depending upon the fossil fuel currently being used. However, other firms would have to either pay prices higher than $6 per ton for wood residues or purchase logging residues in order to generate the supply of wood fuels necessary to meet their requirements.

scholarly journals Digitalizing the Paints and Coatings Development Process

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomaž Kern ◽  
Eva Krhač ◽  
Marjan Senegačnik ◽  
Benjamin Urh
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Development Process ◽  
New Products ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Digital Tools ◽  
Throughput Time ◽  
Ecological Problems ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
Potential Benefits

Numerous laboratory tests are used to determine the appropriateness of new formulations in the development process in the paint and coatings industry. New formulations are most often functionally inadequate, unacceptable for environmental or health reasons, or too expensive. Formulators are obliged to repeat laboratory tests until one of the formulations fulfills the minimum requirements. This is cumbersome, slow, and expensive, and can cause ecological problems, wasting materials on tests that do not produce the desired results. The purpose of this research was to find out if there might be a better way forward to increase efficiency and free up formulators to focus on new products. In this experiment, a new paints and coatings development process was redesigned based on the potential benefits of formulation digitalization. Instead of laboratory testing, a digital platform was used that has been developed and stocked with relevant, up-to-date, and complete, usable data. This study found that, by going digital, developers could vastly reduce non-value-added activities in the development process (by as much as 70%) and significantly shorten the entire process throughput time (by up to 48%). Using digital tools to facilitate the development process appears to be a possible way forward for the paint and coatings industry, saving time, materials, and money and protecting the environment.

Beyond Target Costing: Manufacturing Cost Policy Deployment for New Products

2015 ◽  
Vol 809-810 ◽  
pp. 1480-1485
Author(s):  
Alin Posteucă ◽  
Miron Zapciu
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Improvement ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
New Products ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Target Cost ◽  
Future Production ◽  
Customer Perspective

The purpose of this paper is to present a method to quantify the costs of potential losses from production processes for new products to prioritize improvement projects based on the target cost and provide data and information for feasibility studies of continuous improvement projects. The specificity of the manufacturing cost policy deployment for new products is to identify the percentage of cost of future production phases which does not add value from a customer perspective, dynamically throughout the product life cycle. The percentage of non-value added cost is based on loss of each manufacturing process and is determined scientifically based on data and facts. Using the proposed method helps manufacturing companies in the acceptance of certain orders which at first glance are unprofitable. Moreover, the proposed method will help develop scenarios for continuous cost reduction after starting production through continuous improvement of productivity and quality required. The empirical results are based on the study during a year and a half in the automotive company, using action research methodology.

scholarly journals Pelatihan pengolahan buah Apel sortiran menjadi topping kue Pie untuk anggota Aisyah Kota Batu

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 522-525
Author(s):  
Sri Winarsih ◽  
Bayu Etti Tri Adiyastiti ◽  
Devi Dwi Siskawardani
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
New Products ◽  
Value Added ◽  
New Product ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Organoleptic Test ◽  
Training Activities ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
And Training

The aim of this activity is to increase the knowledge and skills of Aisyah members from Batu citys in recognizing the potential and utilizing agricultural crops and livestock products to be new products that are preferred by the community. The method of implementing the activity is counseling the potential natural resources, tourism, agriculture, also increaase skill to develop its products to be new product has value added, for example pie. The participants welcomed the counseling and training activities. Based on the organoleptic test, apple pie produced get good acceptance form panelist.

scholarly journals Selective electrochemical oxidative coupling of methane mediated by Sr2Fe1.5Mo0.5O6-δ and its chemical stability

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kannan P. Ramaiyan ◽  
Luke H. Denoyer ◽  
Angelica Benavidez ◽  
Fernando H. Garzon
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Stability ◽  
Oxidative Coupling ◽  
Earth Metal ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Oxidative Coupling Of Methane ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Conversion Rates ◽  
Conversion Of Methane ◽  
Set Up

AbstractEfficient conversion of methane to value-added products such as olefins and aromatics has been in pursuit for the past few decades. The demand has increased further due to the recent discoveries of shale gas reserves. Oxidative and non-oxidative coupling of methane (OCM and NOCM) have been actively researched, although catalysts with commercially viable conversion rates are not yet available. Recently, $${{{{{{{\mathrm{Sr}}}}}}}}_2Fe_{1.5 + 0.075}Mo_{0.5}O_{6 - \delta }$$ Sr 2 F e 1.5 + 0.075 M o 0.5 O 6 − δ (SFMO-075Fe) has been reported to activate methane in an electrochemical OCM (EC-OCM) set up with a C2 selectivity of 82.2%1. However, alkaline earth metal-based materials are known to suffer chemical instability in carbon-rich environments. Hence, here we evaluated the chemical stability of SFMO in carbon-rich conditions with varying oxygen concentrations at temperatures relevant for EC-OCM. SFMO-075Fe showed good methane activation properties especially at low overpotentials but suffered poor chemical stability as observed via thermogravimetric, powder XRD, and XPS measurements where SrCO3 was observed to be a major decomposition product along with SrMoO3 and MoC. Nevertheless, our study demonstrates that electrochemical methods could be used to selectively activate methane towards partial oxidation products such as ethylene at low overpotentials while higher applied biases result in the complete oxidation of methane to carbon dioxide and water.

scholarly journals Designing Modular Cell-free Systems for Tunable Biotransformation of l-phenylalanine to Aromatic Compounds

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Yang ◽  
Yushi Liu ◽  
Wan-Qiu Liu ◽  
Changzhu Wu ◽  
Jian Li
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Resource Limitation ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathways ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Conversion Rates ◽  
The One ◽  
Free Modules ◽  
Enzymatic Pathways

Cell-free systems have been used to synthesize chemicals by reconstitution of in vitro expressed enzymes. However, coexpression of multiple enzymes to reconstitute long enzymatic pathways is often problematic due to resource limitation/competition (e.g., energy) in the one-pot cell-free reactions. To address this limitation, here we aim to design a modular, cell-free platform to construct long biosynthetic pathways for tunable synthesis of value-added aromatic compounds, using (S)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol ((S)-PED) and 2-phenylethanol (2-PE) as models. Initially, all enzymes involved in the biosynthetic pathways were individually expressed by an E. coli-based cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) system and their catalytic activities were confirmed. Then, three sets of enzymes were coexpressed in three cell-free modules and each with the ability to complete a partial pathway. Finally, the full biosynthetic pathways were reconstituted by mixing two related modules to synthesize (S)-PED and 2-PE, respectively. After optimization, the final conversion rates for (S)-PED and 2-PE reached 100 and 82.5%, respectively, based on the starting substrate of l-phenylalanine. We anticipate that the modular cell-free approach will make a possible efficient and high-yielding biosynthesis of value-added chemicals.

Organic matter characteristics and water-stable aggregation of a sandy loam soil after 9 years of wood-residue applications

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N'dayegamiye ◽  
D. A. Angers
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Wood Residue ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Wood Residues ◽  
Heavy Fractions

The long-term effects of wood-residue applications on soil properties are not well documented. This study was undertaken to characterize the organic matter and aggregation of a sandy loam after 9 yr of biennial application of wood residues (tree clippings) at rates of 25, 50 and 100 Mg ha−1 with and without nitrogen fertilization. Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contents of the whole soil were determined as well as the C content of the density fractions and of the fractions soluble and insoluble to Na4P2O7. In comparison with the control, the whole-soil C content was 16–24% higher following application of wood residues alone and 16–37% higher for application of wood residues supplemented with nitrogen. The treatments had no effect on soil water-stable macroaggregation (> 250 μm). Wood-residue applications had no effect on the humic material (soluble in Na4P2O7) but favored the humin-C content (the fractions insoluble in Na4P2O7) by 25–60% relative to the control. The light-fraction organic matter was on average 68% larger, and the heavy fraction 17% larger, in the treated soils than in the control. On average, 80% of the differences in total organic C induced by residue application could be attributed to differences in the humin and heavy fractions. The long-term effect of wood-residue applications to the soil was, therefore, reflected in an accumulation of the more stable organic matter present as heavy and humin fractions. In addition, the differences in the light fractions suggested a short-term effect of wood-residue applications.Key words: Light and heavy fractions, wood residues, organic C, water-stable aggregates, humic acids, humins

scholarly journals Microbial Transformation of Sesquiterpenoids

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0900400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haq N Bhatti ◽  
Muhammad Zubair ◽  
Nasir Rasool ◽  
Zahid Hassan ◽  
Viqar U Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
New Products ◽  
Microbial Transformation ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Reaction Pathways ◽  
Agricultural Chemicals ◽  
Remote Sites ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Value Added Products

Biotransformations are useful methods for producing medicinal and agricultural chemicals from both active and inactive natural products with the introduction of chemical functions into remote sites of the molecules. Research on microbial biotransformations of commonly available sesquiterpenoids into more valuable derivatives has always been of interest because of their economical potential to the perfume, food, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Fungal transformations of sesquiterpenoids have been less frequently studied compared with many other natural products. In recent years, however, much attention has been given to the exploitation of new products with enhanced biological activity using microorganisms. This review, covering the period from 1990 to 2006, summarizes our knowledge of the biotransformations of sesquiterpenoids by various fungi. Such transformations could lead to the discovery of new reaction pathways that might be useful in the design of new value-added products.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document