The Soil Survey and Its Value in the Ad Valorem Taxation of Privately Owned Timberland

1983 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 204-208
Author(s):  
R. Bruce Harding ◽  
Robert D. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Soil Mapping ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Suitable Site ◽  
Soil Surveys ◽  
Privately Owned ◽  
Mapping Units

Abstract The use of detailed county soil surveys for predicting site productivity was evaluated for taxation purposes. One hundred and thirty permanent forest inventory plots containing suitable site index trees for loblolly pine (Pinus teada L.) were located on 11 different soil mapping units in the Sam Houston National Forest in Texas. The correlation between the field site indices for the mapping units and the site indexes projected by the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) was extremely low (r = .10). Analysis of variance for the soil mapping units suggested that the actual average site index between mapping units was significantly different. Duncan's multiple range test, however, showed that these differences were limited to those soils having extreme site index values, with the majority of the mapping units showing no significant difference in productivity. Detailed county soil surveys provided an inadequate basis for determination of productivity as defined by site index for taxation purposes.

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of a Detailed and Semi-Detailed Soil Mapping for Sustainable Land Management Using Conventional and Currently Applied Methodologies in Greece

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orestis Kairis ◽  
Vassiliki Dimitriou ◽  
Chrysoula Aratzioglou ◽  
Dionisios Gasparatos ◽  
Nicholas Yassoglou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Classification ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Soil Mapping ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Sustainable Land Use ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
World Reference Base ◽  
Soil Surveys

Two soil mapping methodologies at different scales applied in the same area were compared in order to investigate the potential of their combined use to achieve an integrated and more accurate soil description for sustainable land use management. The two methodologies represent the main types of soil mapping systems used and still applied in soil surveys in Greece. Diomedes Botanical Garden (DBG) (Athens, Greece) was used as a study area because past cartographic data of soil survey were available. The older soil survey data were obtained via the conventional methodology extensively used over time since the beginnings of soil mapping in Greece (1977). The second mapping methodology constitutes the current soil mapping system in Greece recently used for compilation of the national soil map. The obtained cartographic and soil data resulting from the application of the two methodologies were analyzed and compared using appropriate geospatial techniques. Even though the two mapping methodologies have been performed at different mapping scales, using partially different mapping symbols and different soil classification systems, the description of the soils based on the cartographic symbols of the two methodologies presented an agreement of 63.7% while the soil classification by the two taxonomic systems namely Soil Taxonomy and World Reference Base for Soil Resources had an average coincidence of 69.5%.

scholarly journals Decision trees for digital soil mapping on subtropical basaltic steeplands

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvio Giasson ◽  
Eliana Casco Sarmento ◽  
Eliseu Weber ◽  
Carlos Alberto Flores ◽  
Heinrich Hasenack
Keyword(s):  
Decision Tree ◽  
Decision Trees ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Soil Mapping ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Digital Soil Mapping ◽  
Tree Algorithms ◽  
Mapping Techniques ◽  
Soil Surveys

When soil surveys are not available for land use planning activities, digital soil mapping techniques can be of assistance. Soil surveyors can process spatial information faster, to assist in the execution of traditional soil survey or predict the occurrence of soil classes across landscapes. Decision tree techniques were evaluated as tools for predicting the ocurrence of soil classes in basaltic steeplands in South Brazil. Several combinations of types of decicion tree algorithms and number of elements on terminal nodes of trees were compared using soil maps with both original and simplified legends. In general, decision tree analysis was useful for predicting occurrence of soil mapping units. Decision trees with fewer elements on terminal nodes yield higher accuracies, and legend simplification (aggregation) reduced the precision of predictions. Algorithm J48 had better performance than BF Tree, RepTree, Random Tree, and Simple Chart.

scholarly journals Digital soil mapping approach based on fuzzy logic and field expert knowledge

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Duarte de Menezes ◽  
Sérgio Henrique Godinho Silva ◽  
Phillip Ray Owens ◽  
Nilton Curi
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Soil Mapping ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Digital Soil Mapping ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Mapping Techniques ◽  
Soil Surveys

In Brazil, soil surveys in more detailed scale are still scarce and necessary to more adequately support the decision makers for planning soil and environment activities in small areas. Hence, this review addresses some digital soil mapping techniques that enable faster production of soil surveys, beyond fitting continuous spatial distribution of soil properties into discrete soil categories, in accordance with the inherent complexity of soil variation, increasing the accuracy of spatial information. The technique focused here is knowledge-based in expert systems, under fuzzy logic and vector of similarity. For that, a contextualization of each tool in the soil types and properties prediction is provided, as well as some options of knowledge extraction techniques. Such tools have reduced the inconsistency and costs associated with the traditional manual processes, relying on a relatively low density of soil samples. On the other hand, knowledge-based technique is not automatic, and just as the traditional soil survey, the knowledge of soil-landscape relationships is irreplaceable.

INTERPRETATION SHEETS FOR ENGINEERING CLASSIFICATIONS IN SOIL SURVEYS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 679-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. WILSON
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Time Element ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Soil Surveys ◽  
Engineering Soil ◽  
Engineering Classification ◽  
Mapping Units

The UNIFIED and AASHTO systems are used in engineering to classify soils for specific purposes. To facilitate use of the soil surveys by engineers, it has been customary to interpret soil survey mapping units in terms of these engineering classification systems. The procedure, however, is often difficult to follow and normally time-consuming. When used in combination with pedotechnical setting sheets, interpretation sheets reduce this time element and provide for more effective use of the soil survey information. This paper demonstrates development and application of the interpretation sheets. Key words: Engineering soil classification, pedotechnical interpretations, UNIFIED, AASHTO, soil engineering

Detection of Circulating Tissue Factor and Factor VII in a Normal Population

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (05) ◽  
pp. 772-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sybille Albrecht ◽  
Matthias Kotzsch ◽  
Gabriele Siegert ◽  
Thomas Luther ◽  
Heinz Großmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
And Gender

SummaryThe plasma tissue factor (TF) concentration was correlated to factor VII concentration (FVIIag) and factor VII activity (FVIIc) in 498 healthy volunteers ranging in age from 17 to 64 years. Immunoassays using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were developed for the determination of TF and FVIIag in plasma. The mAbs and the test systems were characterized. The mean value of the TF concentration was 172 ± 135 pg/ml. TF showed no age- and gender-related differences. For the total population, FVIIc, determined by a clotting test, was 110 ± 15% and the factor VIlag was 0.77 ± 0.19 μg/ml. FVII activity was significantly increased with age, whereas the concentration demonstrated no correlation to age in this population. FVII concentration is highly correlated with the activity as measured by clotting assay using rabbit thromboplastin. The ratio between FVIIc and FVIIag was not age-dependent, but demonstrated a significant difference between men and women. Between TF and FVII we could not detect a correlation.

Improvement Of Curvilinear Diagrams Of Concrete Deformation

2019 ◽  
pp. 99-104
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Deformation Model ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structures ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Deformation Diagrams

Problems when calculating reinforced concrete structures based on the concrete deformation under compression diagram, which is presented both in Russian and foreign regulatory documents on the design of concrete and reinforced concrete structures are considered. The correctness of their compliance for all classes of concrete remains very approximate, especially a significant difference occurs when using Euronorm due to the different shape and sizes of the samples. At present, there are no methodical recommendations for determining the ultimate relative deformations of concrete under axial compression and the construction of curvilinear deformation diagrams, which leads to limited experimental data and, as a result, does not make it possible to enter more detailed ultimate strain values into domestic standards. The results of experimental studies to determine the ultimate relative deformations of concrete under compression for different classes of concrete, which allowed to make analytical dependences for the evaluation of the ultimate relative deformations and description of curvilinear deformation diagrams, are presented. The article discusses various options for using the deformation model to assess the stress-strain state of the structure, it is concluded that it is necessary to use not only the finite values of the ultimate deformations, but also their intermediate values. This requires reliable diagrams "s–e” for all classes of concrete. The difficulties of measuring deformations in concrete subjected to peak load, corresponding to the prismatic strength, as well as main cracks that appeared under conditions of long-term step loading are highlighted. Variants of more accurate measurements are proposed. Development and implementation of the new standard GOST "Concretes. Methods for determination of complete diagrams" on the basis of the developed method for obtaining complete diagrams of concrete deformation under compression for the evaluation of ultimate deformability of concrete under compression are necessary.

scholarly journals Determination of vertical dimension of occlusion by using the phonetic vowel "O" and "E"

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Igic ◽  
Nebojsa Krunic ◽  
Ljiljana Aleksov ◽  
Milena Kostic ◽  
Aleksandra Igic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Complete Denture ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Vertical Dimension ◽  
Entire Sample ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Background/Aim. The vertical dimension of occlusion is a very important parameter for proper reconstruction of the relationship between the jaws. The literature describes many methods for its finding, from the simple, easily applicable clinically, to quite complicated, with the use of one or more devices for determination. The aim of this study was to examine the possibility of determining the vertical dimension of occlusion using the vocals ?O? and ?E? with the control of values o btained by applying cognitive functions. Methods. This investigation was performed with the two groups of patients. The first group consisted of 50 females and 50 males, aged 18 to 30 years. In this group the distance between the reference points (on top of the nose and chin) was measured in the position of the mandible in the vertical dimension of occlusion, the vertical dimension at rest and the pronunciation of the words ?OLO? and ?ELE?. Checking the correctness of the particular value for the word ?OLO? was also performed by the phonetic method with the application of cognitive exercises when the patients counted from 89 to 80. The obtained difference in the average values i n determining the vertical dimension of occlusion and the ?OLO? and ?ELE? in the first group was used as the reference for determining the vertical dimension of occlusion in the second group of patients. The second group comprised of 31 edentulous persons (14 females and 17 males), aged from 54 to 85 years who had been made a complete denture. Results. The average value obtained for the vertical dimension of rest for the entire sample was 2.16 mm, for the word ?OLO? for the entire sample was 5.51 mm and for the word ?ELE? for the entire sample was 7.47 mm. There was no statistically significant difference between the genders for the value of the vertical dimension at rest, ?ELE? and ?OLO?. There was a statistically significant difference between the values f or the vertical dimension at rest, ?OLO? and ?ELE? for both genders. There was a statistically significant correlation between the value for the vertical dimension at rest, ?OLO? and ?ELE?, for both groups of subjects. Conclusion. Determining the vertical dimension of occlusion requires 5.5 mm subtraction from the position of the mandible in pronunciation of the word ?OLO? or 7.5 mm in pronunciation of the word ?ELE?.

Comparative Study for the Assay of Plant Derived Chemicals in Pharmaceutical Formulation Using Methods Dependent on Factorized Spectra

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nesma M Fahmy ◽  
Adel M Michael
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulation ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Validation Parameters ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Modern built-in spectrophotometer software supporting mathematical processes provided a solution for increasing selectivity for multicomponent mixtures. Objective Simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of the three naturally occurring antioxidants—rutin(RUT), hesperidin(HES), and ascorbic acid(ASC)—in bulk forms and combined pharmaceutical formulation. Method This was achieved by factorized zero order method (FZM), factorized derivative method (FD1M), and factorized derivative ratio method (FDRM), coupled with spectrum subtraction(SS). Results Mathematical filtration techniques allowed each component to be obtained separately in either its zero, first, or derivative ratio form, allowing the resolution of spectra typical to the pure components present in Vitamin C Forte® tablets. The proposed methods were applied over a concentration range of 2–50, 2–30, and 10–100 µg/mL for RUT, HES, and ASC, respectively. Conclusions Recent methods for the analysis of binary mixtures, FZM and FD1M, were successfully applied for the analysis of ternary mixtures and compared to the novel FDRM. All were revealed to be specific and sensitive with successful application on pharmaceutical formulations. Validation parameters were evaluated in accordance with the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. Statistical results were satisfactory, revealing no significant difference regarding accuracy and precision. Highlights Factorized methods enabled the resolution of spectra identical to those of pure drugs present in mixtures. Overlapped spectra of ternary mixtures could be resolved by spectrum subtraction coupled FDRM (SS-FDRM) or by successive application of FZM and FD1M.

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