Japan Meets the Sharing Economy: Contending Frames

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas G ALTURA ◽  
Yuki HASHIMOTO ◽  
Sanford M JACOBY ◽  
Kaoru KANAI ◽  
Kazuro SAGUCHI
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
Framing Processes ◽  
Regulatory Institutions

Abstract The ‘sharing economy’ epitomized by Airbnb and Uber has challenged business, labor, and regulatory institutions throughout the world. The arrival of Airbnb and Uber in Japan provided an opportunity for Prime Minister Abe’s administration to demonstrate its commitment to deregulation. Both platform companies garnered support from powerful governmental and industry actors who framed the sharing economy as a solution to various economic and social problems. However, they met resistance from actors elsewhere in government, the private sector, and civil society, who constructed competing frames. Unlike studies that compare national responses to the sharing economy, we contrast the different experiences and fates of Airbnb and Uber within a single country. Doing so highlights actors, framing processes, and within-country heterogeneity. The study reveals the limits of overly institutionalized understandings of Japanese political economy. It also contributes to current debates concerning Prime Minister Abe’s efforts at implementing deregulation during the 2010s.

scholarly journals Pendidikan Sosial Sesuai Hadits Rosul SAW

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suluri Suluri
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Third ◽  
Road Users ◽  
The World ◽  
The Right

This paper examines various social problems in society often occur. In interacting with the community, like it or not, like it or not, intentionally or unintentionally it often happens that the offense and hurt hurt. The Prophet Muhammad as the messenger of Allah who was sent to perfect morality has set examples in navigating life in the world, especially in social matters. Evidently Rosul SAW has built a civil society in Medina. The examples of the Prophet Muhammad who I adopted in this article are the prohibition of whispering together without regard to the third, the ethics of visiting, greeting, giving the right of road users and giving rights to neighbors. From these various themes, it is expected to be a learning so that in interacting with fellow human beings, a Muslim always prioritizes morality.

Civil Society in Kuwait: Challenges and Solutions

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Z. Al-Zuabi
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
The State ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
Civil Society Organisations ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World

Abstract Civil society organisations are an integral part of today’s societies throughout the world. They are the main partners of the state, along with the private sector, in the process of developing civil society. Here, we analyse various aspects of the social development of Kuwaiti society, the development strategies of the state, the challenges faced, and the role of civil society organisations by gathering and assessing information using structured questionnaires and statistical methods. The results reveal that civil associations are indispensable in the sustainable development of the state, especially considering the current economic and social challenges experienced in human societies. The study identifies internal and external challenges associated with implementing market-controlling mechanisms and directives for multifarious development under the private sector without inhibiting its growth. The article concludes by identifying the dominant obstacles and challenges development programs of Kuwait face and defines a set of mechanisms capable of solving those challenges effectively.

scholarly journals VOLUNTARIADO, ASSOCIATIVISMO E TURISMO:UM DEBATE A PARTIR DAS ORGANIZAÇÕES NO TERRENO

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Filipa Canavarro Morais ◽  
Andreia Antunes Moura
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
The State ◽  
Volunteer Tourism ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third Sector

RESUMOA sociedade contemporânea debate-se com novos problemas sociais que necessitam de respostas diferentes e inovadoras. Assim, pretendeu-se compreender como aqueles que estão no terreno veem o papel da sociedade civil face ao Estado e mercado, a importância do terceiro setor, do associativismo e do voluntariado em Portugal e, especificamente, o turismo de voluntariado. Os resultados demonstram que há cada vez maior dinamismo da sociedade civil para colmatar problemas sociais a que o Estado ou setor privado não conseguem atender, e que o turismo de voluntariado tem vindo a despertar interesse e reconhecimento enquanto oportunidade de futuro.Palavras-chave: Voluntariado. Associativismo. Turismo. Ação Solidária. ABSTRACTContemporary society is struggling with new social problems that need different and innovative answers. Thus, it was intended to understand how those in the field see the role of civil society vis-à-vis the state and the market, the importance of the third sector, associations and volunteering in Portugal and, specifically, volunteer tourism. The results show that there is a growing dynamism of civil society in addressing social problems to wich the state or private sector cannot give an answer, and that volunteer tourism has been arousing interest and recognition as an opportunity for the future.Keywords: Volunteering. Associativism. Tourism. Solidarity Action.

China’s summons for environmental sociology

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 867-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Aloysius Zinda ◽  
Yifei Li ◽  
John Chung-En Liu
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Environmental Politics ◽  
Environmental Sociology ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
The World ◽  
International Environmental Politics ◽  
Global North ◽  
Sustainability Initiatives

From demand for natural resources to sustainability initiatives, everything seems to hinge on China. China’s environmental entanglements call out for the analysis and understanding that environmental sociologists practice. Environmental sociologists from within and beyond China have begun to explore how society, polity, and ecology intersect, but we have yet to fully take on the challenges that China’s environmental struggles pose. This article focuses on four domains in which China’s experience compels us to rethink our theories: environmental ideology, political economy, civil society and environmental justice, and international environmental politics. In each domain, China’s institutions, discourses, and place in the world-system reframe major currents of thought in environmental sociology. These points challenge us to decenter environmental sociologists’ focus on how things happen within liberal polities in the global North; they likewise push us to reconsider arguments about the South. Together, these challenges present an opportunity to extend our theory and practice, fashioning a more global environmental sociology.

Envisioning Real Utopias, Erik Olin Wright, London: Verso, 2010

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
David F. Ruccio
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Social Life ◽  
The State ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
World Today ◽  
State Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
Relative Neglect ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract In this review, I argue that Erik Olin Wright’s Envisioning Real Utopias is necessary reading for anyone interested in thinking through the possibilities of creating noncapitalist ways of organising economic and social life in the world today. However, I also raise questions about Wright’s deterministic interpretation of Marx’s critique of political economy, his relative neglect of class-analysis, and his non-Gramscian conception of the relationship between the state, economy, and civil society.

scholarly journals The Political Economy of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Taxation in Latin America: Lessons from Mexico, Chile and Colombia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Carriedo ◽  
Adam Koon ◽  
Luis Manuel Encarnación ◽  
Kelley Lee ◽  
Richard Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
Transnational Corporations ◽  
The Political ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Sugary Drinks

Abstract Background: In Latin America, diet-related non-communicable diseases and sales of sugar-sweetened beverages continue to rise at an alarming rate. Calls for action suggest "multi-sector" and "multi-stakeholder" approaches involving civil society and the private sector, including transnational corporations. While the focus has often been on forming “partnerships” of public and private sectors, ensuring the primacy of public health goals remains a significant governance challenge. This paper analyses this governance challenge using the experiences of Chile, Mexico and Colombia in the adoption of taxation of sugar-sweetened beverages. The three countries offer useful comparisons given their similar political and economic systems, institutional arrangements and regulatory instruments. We conducted a qualitative synthesis of the existing empirical evidence applying a political economy analysis to identify successes and failures during the policy process to adopt and implement the tax.Results: The findings suggest that a major constraint was the political influence of transnational corporations in the policy process and on stakeholders. Intergovernmental support was critical to frame the sugary drinks beverages (SSBs) tax aims, mechanisms and its benefits, and for countries to adopt the measures. Coalitions for and against the tax were critical for the policy debates, and a lack of transparency throughout the agenda setting was diluted by powerful TNCs presences in the countries studied.Conclusion: Governance arrangements involving partnerships with private sector actors should recognize the asymmetry of power among them and address it. Such arrangements should adopt clear mechanisms to ensure transparency and accountability of all partners, and avoid the undue influence of unhealthy commodity industries. Support of several governmental entities simultaneously, grassroots groups, and civil society groups in NCD prevention policies is also needed.

Sanitation Development in Cambodia and India

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Howard
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Political Narrative ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

The focus of this paper is a comparative analysis of India and Cambodia's sanitation development and the relationship between that development and the evolving political narrative and political economy of the respective states. Despite the differences in size and scale of the two countries, both have had among the lowest levels of sanitation development in the world and both have great disparities in terms of sanitation access, particularly in rural-urban terms. Sanitation development became a major issue in India during the 2014 election that saw the BJP under Narendra Modi, sweep to power. In Cambodia, sanitation development has not seen such explicit public political focus and yet, Cambodia's levels of sanitation access have improved relatively rapidly over recent years. However, in the early 1990s, direct UN intervention in Cambodia's troubled political economy provided a fertile environment for civil society to flourish.

The World Bank in the 1980s

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Global Political Economy ◽  
Dynamic Leadership ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Intermediary Role

In the chapter, Haq traces the evolution of the World Bank through the decade of the seventies. Since the time the Bank was established, the global political economy structure underwent considerable changes. The World Bank in the 1970s, under the dynamic leadership of Robert Mcnamara, tried to adjust to these changes. The World Bank of the 1980s faced problems of a weak resource base, poor intermediary role and a greater pressure for the Bank to bend its development philosophy towards the private sector. Haq proposes a few structural changes in the Bank that would enable it to overcome these problems.

Management of sustainable innovation for national development

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Alvaro Cristian Sánchez Mercado
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Innovation Management ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
National Development ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The World ◽  
End Use ◽  
Research Centres ◽  
Scientific And Technological Development

Throughout history the development of the countries has been generated mainly by the impulse in two complementary axes: Science and Technology, and Trade. At present we are experiencing an exponential scientific and technological development and the Economy in all its fronts is driven by the intensive application of technology. According to these considerations, this research tries to expose the development of Innovation Management as a transversal mechanism to promote the different socioeconomic areas and especially those supported by engineering. To this end, use will be made of Technology Watch in order to identify the advances of the main research centres related to innovation in the world. Next, there will be an evaluation of the main models of Innovation Management and related methodologies that expose some of the existing Innovation Observatories in the world to finally make a proposal for Innovation Management applicable to the reality of Peru, so that it can be taken into consideration by stakeholders (Government, Academy, Business and Civil Society) committed to Innovation Management in the country

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