scholarly journals Determining the phosphorus release of GraINzyme phytase in diets for nursery pigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa L Becker ◽  
Madie R Wensley ◽  
Joel M DeRouchey ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Release ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Bone Ash ◽  
Ash Weight ◽  
Release Curve ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Encoding Genes

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the available P (aP) release curve for a new phytase source, GraINzyme Phytase (Agrivida Inc., Woburn, MA), which is expressed in corn containing an engineered Escherichia coli phytase called Phy02. Plant-expressed phytases are created by inserting phytase-encoding genes into plants resulting in their ability to produce seeds with increased concentrations of phytase. A total of 360 pigs (Line 200 × 400, DNA, Columbus, NE, initially 9.9 ± 0.19 kg) were used in a 21-d growth study. Pigs were weaned at approximately 21-d of age, randomly allotted to pens based on initial body weight (BW) and fed common starter diets. From d 18 to 21 post-weaning, all pigs were fed a diet containing 0.11% aP. On d 21 post-weaning, considered d 0 of the study, pens were blocked by BW and randomly allotted to 1 of 8 dietary treatments with 5 pigs per pen and 9 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments were formulated to include increasing aP derived from either an inorganic P source (0.11, 0.19, or 0.27% from monocalcium P) or increasing phytase (150, 250, 500, 1,000, or 1,500 FTU/kg). Diets were corn-soybean meal-based and contained 1.24% standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys. On d 21 of the trial, 1 pig per pen (weighing closest to the mean pen BW) was euthanized and the right fibula was collected to determine bone ash using the non-defatted processing method. Overall (d 0 to 21), pigs fed increasing aP from inorganic P or phytase had increased (linear, P < 0.002) ADG, ADFI, and G:F (quadratic, P < 0.05). Bone ash weight (g) and percentage bone ash increased (linear, P < 0.001) with increasing inorganic P or added phytase. Based on the composition of the diets used in this study, the release equations developed for GraINzyme for ADG, G:F, bone ash weight, and percentage bone ash are: aP = (0.255 × FTU) ÷ (1299.969 + FTU), aP = (0.233 × FTU) ÷ (1236.428 + FTU), aP = (45999.949 × FTU) ÷ (462529200 + FTU), and aP = (0.272 × FTU) ÷ (2576.581 + FTU), respectively.

scholarly journals 24 Determining the phosphorus release of Smizyme TS G5 2,500 phytase in nursery pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 39-39
Author(s):  
Madie R Wensley ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Joel M DeRouchey ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Robert D Goodband ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Saint Paul ◽  
Phosphorus Release ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Bone Ash ◽  
Release Curve ◽  
The Right ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract Two nursery trials (DNA 241×600) with 320 or 280 pigs, respectively (initially 10 kg) were used to determine the available P (aP) release curve for Smizyme TS G5 2,500 (Origination, Inc., Saint Paul, MN). Pigs were weaned at approximately 21-d of age, randomly allotted to pens based on initial body weight (BW) and fed a common diet. On d 21 post-weaning, pens were blocked by BW and randomly allotted to 1 of 8 (Exp. 1) or 7 (Exp. 2) dietary treatments with 5 pigs/pen and 8 pens/treatment. Treatments were formulated to include increasing aP from either inorganic P (0.12%, 0.18%, or 0.24% in Exp. 1 and 0.11%, 0.19%, or 0.27% in Exp. 2 from monocalcium P) or increasing phytase (150, 250, 500, 750, or 1,000 FTU/kg in Exp. 1 and 250, 500, 1000, or 1,500 FTU/kg in Exp. 2). Prior to beginning the 21-d studies, all pigs were fed the lowest inorganic P diet for a 3-d period. At the conclusion of the experiments, the pig closest to the pen mean BW was euthanized and the right fibula was collected to determine bone ash. In both experiments, pigs fed increasing aP from inorganic P had increased (linear, P< 0.01) ADG, G:F, and final BW. Additionally, pigs fed diets with increasing phytase had increased (Exp. 1 linear, P< 0.01, Exp. 2 linear and quadratic, P< 0.05) ADG, ADFI, and G:F. The aP release increased for ADG (Exp. 1 linear, P< 0.01; Exp. 2 linear and quadratic, P< 0.01), G:F (linear, P< 0.01), and bone ash percent (Exp. 1 linear and quadratic, P< 0.05; Exp. 2 linear, P< 0.01) up to the highest phytase inclusion. When combining the release values from Exp. 1 and 2, the release equations for Smizyme TS G5 2,500 are aP=(0.197×FTU)÷(584.956+FTU), aP=(0.175×FTU)÷(248.348+FTU), and aP=(0.165×FTU)÷(178.146+FTU) for ADG, G:F, and bone ash percent, respectively.

scholarly journals Determining the phosphorus release of Smizyme TS G5 2,500 phytase in diets for nursery pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madie R Wensley ◽  
Joel M DeRouchey ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Robert D Goodband ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Predictor Variable ◽  
Phosphorus Release ◽  
Response Criteria ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Bone Ash ◽  
Ash Weight ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to determine the available P (aP) release of Smizyme TS G5 2,500 (Origination, LLC., Maplewood, MN) phytase. Pigs were weaned at approximately 21-d of age, randomly allotted to pens based on initial body weight (BW) and fed a common diet. On d 21 post-weaning, pens were blocked by BW and randomly allotted to 1 of 8 (experiment 1) or 7 (experiment 2) dietary treatments with five pigs per pen and eight pens per treatment. Treatments were formulated to include increasing aP from either inorganic P (0.12%, 0.18%, or 0.24% in experiment 1 and 0.11%, 0.19%, or 0.27% in experiment 2 from monocalcium P) or increasing phytase (150, 250, 500, 750, or 1,000 FTU/kg in experiment 1 and 250, 500, 1,000, or 1,500 FTU/kg in experiment 2). Prior to beginning the 21-d studies, all pigs were fed the lowest inorganic P diet for a 3-d period. At the conclusion of each experiment, the pig closest to the pen mean BW was euthanized and fibulas were collected to determine bone ash weight and percentage bone ash. Fibulas were processed using defatted bone mineral procedures. In both experiments, pigs fed increasing aP from inorganic P had increased (linear, P < 0.01) average daily gain (ADG), G:F, and final BW. Additionally, pigs fed diets with increasing phytase had increased (experiment 1 linear, P < 0.01; experiment 2 linear and quadratic, P < 0.05) performance across all growth response criteria. For bone composition, pigs fed increasing aP from inorganic P had increased bone ash weights (linear, P < 0.01) and percentage bone ash (experiment 1 quadratic, P < 0.01; experiment 2 linear, P < 0.01). Similarly, pigs fed increasing phytase had increased bone ash weights (linear, P < 0.01) and percentage bone ash (experiment 1 linear, P < 0.01; experiment 2 linear and quadratic, P < 0.05). The percentage aP released from Smizyme TS G5 2,500 for both experiments varied depending on the response criteria used. As the amount of phytase in the diet increased, the calculated aP release increased when ADG (experiment 1 linear, P < 0.01; experiment 2 linear and quadratic, P < 0.01), G:F (linear, P < 0.01), or percentage bone ash (experiment 1 linear and quadratic, P < 0.05; experiment 2 linear, P < 0.01) were used the predictor variable. When combining the data from experiment 1 and 2, the aP release prediction equations for Smizyme TS G5 2,500 are aP = (0.197 × FTU)/(584.956 + FTU), aP = (0.175 × FTU)/(248.348 + FTU), and aP = (0.165 × FTU)/(178.146 + FTU) when using ADG, G:F, and percentage bone ash, respectively as the predictor variable.

scholarly journals 161 Impact of insoluble dietary fiber on the efficacy of the phytase enzyme in nursery pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 90-90
Author(s):  
Jesus A Acosta ◽  
John F Patience
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Adequate Diet ◽  
Insoluble Dietary Fiber ◽  
Bone Ash ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Insoluble Fiber

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of insoluble fiber on the efficacy of phytase in nursery pig diets. A total of 480 weaned pigs (BW 5.48 ± 0.14 kg; L337 X Camborough, PIC, Hendersonville, TN) were blocked by BW and randomly allotted to 48 pens. A common nutrient-adequate diet was fed from d 0–9. From d9-14, 2 phosphorus [P] deficient basal diets were fed: a low fiber [LF] corn-soybean meal diet (neutral detergent fiber [NDF]=7.5%; standardized total tract digestible [STTD] P = 0.16%) or a higher fiber [HF] corn-soybean meal plus 20% corn bran diet (NDF=15.2%; STTD P = 0.14%). From d 15–35, pigs received 8 dietary treatments (6 pens per treatment): 4 increasing levels of added phytase (0, 109, 218, and 327 phytase units [FTU]/kg; Quantum-Blue-5G, AB-Vista, Wiltshire, UK) applied to either the LF or HF basal diets. Titanium dioxide served as a digestibility marker. Fecal samples were collected on d 32–34. On d 35, one pig per pen was euthanized and fibulas harvested for bone ash assay. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS. There were no interactions between fiber and phytase (P > 0.100). Adding phytase increased ADG (0.268, 0.282, 0.291, 0.306 kg/d; P < 0.001) and G:F (0.52, 0.55, 0.56, 0.58; P < 0.001) for the 4 increasing phytase levels, respectively. Fiber decreased ADG (0.282 vs 0.291 kg/d; P = 0.033) and tended to decrease G:F (0.54 vs 0.56; P = 0.097). There were no effects of phytase or fiber on ADFI (P > 0.100). Phytase increased bone ash (P = 0.005), but there was no effect of fiber (P = 0.949). Phytase did not affect the ATTD of DM, NDF, or ADF (P > 0.100) while fiber decreased the ATTD of DM, NDF and ADF (P < 0.001). In conclusion, increasing insoluble fiber did not affect the ability of phytase to improve growth performance and bone mineralization when pigs were fed a P deficient diet.

scholarly journals Technical Note: Assessment of two methods for estimating bone ash in pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madie R Wensley ◽  
Carine M Vier ◽  
Jordan T Gebhardt ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Linear Interaction ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Bone Ash ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ash Weight

Abstract Data from three experiments conducted to evaluate the effects of increasing available P in swine diets were used to compare two different bone processing methods. Our objective was to determine if the procedures influenced treatment differences and the ability to detect changes in the percentage bone ash. In each experiment, pigs (nursery pigs in experiments 1 and 2, and finishing pigs in experiment 3) were fed a wide range of available phosphorus levels provided from either increasing monocalcium P or added phytase. At the completion of each experiment, a subset of pigs was euthanized, and either fibulas (experiments 1 and 2) or metacarpals (experiment 3) were collected to determine the percentage bone ash. Bones were processed by cleaning away all soft tissues followed by ether extraction for 7 d (defatted), or no lipid extraction (non-defatted), and then ashed. In nursery and finishing pigs, defatted bones had increased (P < 0.001) percentage bone ash compared with non-defatted bones. No evidence of a method × treatment interaction or linear and quadratic interactions were observed in bone ash weight and percentage bone ash (P > 0.10) for nursery pigs; however, a linear interaction was detected (P < 0.05) in percentage bone ash for grow-finish pigs. This response was minimal and likely due to increased variation observed in grow-finish pigs when bones were not defatted. The processing method did not affect the ability to detect differences among treatments as a result of changing dietary P concentrations in the nursery or grow-finish pigs. In summary, either non-defatted or defatted bone processing methods can be used to determine bone ash weight and percentage bone ash as a way to assess bone mineralization and dietary treatment differences in nursery pigs; however, the increased variation observed in mature pigs suggests that defatted bone processing is the preferred method for grow-finish pigs.

scholarly journals 138 Evaluation of different combinations of medium chain fatty acids and monolaurin as a dietary additive for nursery pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 80-81
Author(s):  
Lori L Thomas ◽  
Ashley Hartman ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Robert D Goodband ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract A total of 360 pigs (DNA 400×200, initial BW=6.8 kg) were used a 35-d trial to evaluate the effects of adding MCFA and monolaurin blends to the diet on growth performance of nursery pigs. Pens of pigs were blocked by BW and randomized to 1 of 6 dietary treatments (12 pens per treatment). Treatments consisted of a basal diet containing no MCFA (control), the control diet with 1.0% added MCFA (a 1:1:1 blend of C6, C8, and C10; Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), or a 1.0% inclusion of 4 different blends of MCFA, lactic acid, and monolaurin (1, 2, 3, and 4). The 4 blends consisted of 50% C6, 20% lactic acid and increasing levels of monolaurin (0, 10, 20, and 30%) at the expense of C12 (30, 20, 10, and 0%). Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design with pen as the experimental unit. From d 0 to 14, pigs fed the 1.0% 1:1:1 MCFA blend had increased (P = 0.037) ADG compared to the control group. Pigs fed the 1.0% 1:1:1 MCFA blend and the mean of the 4 blends of MCFA, lactic acid, and monolaurin had improved (P < 0.037) G:F compared with pigs fed the control diet. From d 14 to 35, ADFI and subsequently ADG increased (P < 0.057) for pigs fed the 1.0% 1:1:1 MCFA blend compared with the control group. Overall, pigs fed the 1.0% 1:1:1 MCFA blend had increased (P < 0.034) ADFI and ADG, resulting in 0.9 kg greater final BW (P = 0.014) compared with the control group. There was no evidence for differences between the mean of pigs fed blends of MCFA, lactic acid, and monolaurin compared with the control. In summary, the addition of a 1.0% 1:1:1 MCFA blend resulted in improved ADG, ADFI, and G:F compared with pigs fed a control diet.

scholarly journals Determining the Phosphorus Release Curve for Smizyme TS G5 2,500 Phytase in Nursery Pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Wensley ◽  
J. C. Woodworth ◽  
J. M. DeRouchey ◽  
S. S. Dritz ◽  
M. D. Tokach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Release ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Release Curve

DMSA-scintigraphy in paediatrics: Is the evaluation of the geometric mean necessary for the calculation of the differential renal function?

2001 ◽  
Vol 40 (04) ◽  
pp. 107-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Roßmüller ◽  
S. Alalp ◽  
S. Fischer ◽  
S. Dresel ◽  
K. Hahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Posterior View ◽  
Renal Abnormality ◽  
Anterior View ◽  
Differential Renal Function ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
To Receive

SummaryFor assessment of differential renal function (PF) by means of static renal scintigraphy with Tc-99m-dimer-captosuccinic acid (DMSA) the calculation of the geometric mean of counts from the anterior and posterior view is recommended. Aim of this retrospective study was to find out, if the anterior view is necessary to receive an accurate differential renal function by calculating the geometric mean compared to calculating PF using the counts of the posterior view only. Methods: 164 DMSA-scans of 151 children (86 f, 65 m) aged 16 d to 16 a (4.7 ± 3.9 a) were reviewed. The scans were performed using a dual head gamma camera (Picker Prism 2000 XP, low energy ultra high resolution collimator, matrix 256 x 256,300 kcts/view, Zoom: 1.6-2.0). Background corrected values from both kidneys anterior and posterior were obtained. Using region of interest technique PF was calculated using the counts of the dorsal view and compared with the calculated geometric mean [SQR(Ctsdors x Ctsventr]. Results: The differential function of the right kidney was significantly less when compared to the calculation of the geometric mean (p<0.01). The mean difference between the PFgeom and the PFdors was 1.5 ± 1.4%. A difference > 5% (5.0-9.5%) was obtained in only 6/164 scans (3.7%). Three of 6 patients presented with an underestimated PFdors due to dystopic kidneys on the left side in 2 patients and on the right side in one patient. The other 3 patients with a difference >5% did not show any renal abnormality. Conclusion: The calculation of the PF from the posterior view only will give an underestimated value of the right kidney compared to the calculation of the geometric mean. This effect is not relevant for the calculation of the differntial renal function in orthotopic kidneys, so that in these cases the anterior view is not necesssary. However, geometric mean calculation to obtain reliable values for differential renal function should be applied in cases with an obvious anatomical abnormality.

Therapeutic Effects of Hab Shabyar on Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Double-Blinded, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1218
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Khalil BaniHabib ◽  
Ali Mostafai ◽  
Seyyed Mohammad Bagher Fazljou ◽  
Ghadir Mohammdi
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Open Angle ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Double Blinded

Background: Open-angle glaucoma (OAG) is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. This study evaluates the therapeutic effects of hab shabyar in patients with open-angle glaucoma. Materials and Methods: In this clinical randomized controlled trial, 50 patients with OAG were randomized into two groups. The intervention group was received a drop of timolol plus 500 mg of hab shabyar every 12 hours. The placebo group was received a drop of timolol every 12 hours plus 500 mg of wheat germ as a placebo. The intraocular pressure in patients with OAG was measured in each group and compared at before the intervention (t1), one month (t2), and two months (t3) after the intervention. Results: The mean decrease in intraocular pressure for the right eye at three times in the intervention group was statistically significant, but the mean decrease in the placebo group was not significant. Similar results were obtained for the left eye at t1 when compared to t3. The patients in the intervention group expressed more satisfaction than the patients in the placebo group (P≤0.001). Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that consumption of timolol plus hab shabyar instead of consuming of timolol alone was probably more effective for reducing intraocular pressure in patients with OAG.[GMJ.2019;In press:e1218]

Flow cytometric identification and isolation of hypertrophic type II pneumocytes after partial pneumonectomy

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (3) ◽  
pp. C528-C536 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Uhal ◽  
S. R. Rannels ◽  
D. E. Rannels
Keyword(s):  
Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Type Ii Cells ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Acridine Orange Staining ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Percoll Density Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Type Ii Pneumocytes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cellular Dna ◽  
The Right

Type II pneumocytes were isolated by either Percoll density gradient centrifugation or by immunoglobulin G (IgG) panning from the lungs of normal rats and the right lung of rats subjected to left pneumonectomy. Cells were studied at 7- (pnx-7) and 15- (pnx-15) days postoperative, times during and after, respectively, rapid compensatory growth of the right lung. Acridine orange staining permitted resolution of type II cells from contaminants on the basis of high red fluorescence (greater than 590 nm). Simultaneous measurement of forward-angle light scatter (FALS) suggested a shift of pnx-7 cells toward greater size, which was reversed in pnx-15 cells. By Percoll gradient isolation, approximately 15% of pnx-7 cells analyzed were above the mean FALS of control cells. In contrast, approximately 30% of the pnx-7 cells isolated by IgG panning were above the mean FALS of corresponding control cells. Biochemical analyses of pnx-7 cells separated by cell sorting into "high FALS" and "low FALS" subgroups revealed that high FALS type II cells contained 50% more protein (P less than 0.05) and 140% more RNA (P less than 0.01) than low FALS cells, with no significant change in cellular DNA content. These data are consistent with previous studies of type II cells isolated from the lungs of pneumonectomized animals and confirm the presence of hypertrophic cells in these preparations. They provide a foundation from which to design further flow cytometric studies of the role of hypertrophic type II pneumocytes in compensatory lung growth.

scholarly journals Effects of Fumonisin-Contaminated Corn on Growth Performance of 9 to 28 kg Nursery Pigs

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 604
Author(s):  
Zhong-Xing Rao ◽  
Mike D. Tokach ◽  
Jason C. Woodworth ◽  
Joel M. DeRouchey ◽  
Robert D. Goodband ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Linear Response ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Fumonisin contamination in corn is an emerging issue in animal feed production. Fumonisin disrupts the metabolism of sphingolipids and reduces growth performance. This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of feeding fumonisin-contaminated corn on growth performance and sphinganine (SA) to sphingosine (SO) ratios of 9 to 28 kg pigs. A total of 350 pigs, were used with 5 pigs/pen and 14 pens/treatment. Dietary treatments contained fumonisin-contaminated corn (50 mg/kg of fumonisin B1 + B2) blended with low fumonisin corn (10 mg/kg of fumonisin B1 + B2) to provide dietary fumonisin concentrations of 7.2, 14.7, 21.9, 32.7, and 35.1 mg/kg. From day 0 to 28, increasing fumonisin concentration decreased (linear, p < 0.001) average daily gain, average daily feed intake (linear, p = 0.055), and gain:feed ratio (linear, p = 0.016). Although these response criteria tested linear, the greatest reduction in performance was in pigs fed with 32.7 and 35.1 mg/kg of fumonisin (B1 + B2). Increasing fumonisin concentration increased the serum SA:SO ratio (linear, p < 0.001) on day 14 and 28. In summary, for 9 to 28 kg nursery pigs, increasing fumonisin linearly decreased average daily gain and gain:feed ratio. However, despite the linear response, diets containing up to 21.9 mg/kg of fumonisin did not have as dramatic a decrease in growth performance as those fed more than 32.7 mg/kg. Further research is warranted to determine the effect of fumonisin concentrations between 21.9 and 32.7 mg/kg.

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