scholarly journals Erratum to: Daily vaginal temperature in Girolando cows from three different genetic composition under natural heat stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano de Rezende Carvalheira ◽  
Raphael Rocha Wenceslau ◽  
Lilian dos Santos Ribeiro ◽  
Bruno Campos de Carvalho ◽  
Álan Maia Borges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Genetic Composition ◽  
Vaginal Temperature

scholarly journals Daily vaginal temperature in Girolando cows from three different genetic composition under natural heat stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano de Rezende Carvalheira ◽  
Raphael Rocha Wenceslau ◽  
Lilian dos Santos Ribeiro ◽  
Bruno Campos de Carvalho ◽  
Álan Maia Borges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Genetic Composition ◽  
Tropical Condition ◽  
Pregnancy Status ◽  
Vaginal Temperature

Abstract The present trial evaluated the effect of crossbred composition and Temperature and Humidity Index (THI) on vaginal temperature (VT) of Girolando dairy cows maintained under tropical pasture during warm seasons. The VT was monitored along 41 to 96 h in 615 Girolando cows with different Holstein (H) × Gir genetic composition (1/2 H = 284, 3/4 H = 248, and 7/8 H = 83) from six Brazilian farms in the summer of 2016 and 2017. VT of each cow at each hour of the day and the respective THI were averaged per hour across all monitoring days to generate an averaged value for VT and THI during 24 h. A linear mixed model with repeated measures using restricted maximum likelihood (REML) method for (co)variance components estimation procedure was employed. The final model adjusted the VT for the effects of cow, time, THI, farm, year, pregnancy status, body condition score (BCS), milk yield, genetic composition, and genetic composition*time interaction. Fixed effects were evaluated by ANOVA and tested with Tukey test in R software version 3.6.1 (R Core Team, 2019). Overall mean of VT, air temperature (AT), and THI were 39.06 ± 0.52 °C, 25.63 ± 0.40 °C, and 75.06 ± 3.96, respectively. VT had moderate positive correlation with THI (r² = 0.45, P < 0.001) and AT (r² = 0.46, P < 0.001). The VT had estimated linear increase of 0.05 °C for each THI unit increase (P < 0.001). Least square mean of VT varied among the farms (P < 0.001), pregnancy status (P < 0.001), and BCS (P < 0.05) but not for Milk yield (P > 0.05). The daily average VT was affected by genetic composition (P < 0.001) with highest temperature for 3/4 H (39.08 ± 0.06 °C a) and 7/8 H (39.09 ± 0.06 °C a) and lowest temperature for 1/2 H (38.95 ± 0.06 °C b). The difference of VT among the three crossbred groups varied in function of the time of the day, from 12:00 to 20:00 h (P < 0.001), with 3/4 Holstein and 7/8 Holstein cows reaching similar VT, above to the upper limit 39.1 °C and higher than 1/2 Holstein cows during all this period. In conclusion, Girolando cows are sensitive to heat stress in tropical condition during warm seasons. Moreover, Girolando cows with genetic composition higher than 3/4 Holstein display reduced thermoregulatory efficiency. Therefore, Girolando cows in tropical dairy farms require strategies to mitigate heat stress according to their genetic composition.

scholarly journals Identification of Breed Differences in Known and New Fescue Toxicosis Associated Phenotypes in Charolais-and Hereford-Sired Crossbred Beef Cows

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2830
Author(s):  
Kayla M. Lucas ◽  
Dawn A. Koltes ◽  
Laura R. Meyer ◽  
John D. Tucker ◽  
Donald S. Hubbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Fescue Toxicosis ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Toxin Exposure ◽  
Fall Calving ◽  
Vaginal Temperature ◽  
Daily Gain

Beef cattle phenotypes are affected by the consumption of toxic fescue. Toxic fescue’s impact is dependent on heat stress and breed composition, with genetic variability for robustness to toxin exposure believed to exist within and across breeds. The study objective was to characterize the effect of fescue toxicosis across breeds for known and novel heat and fescue stress-associated phenotypes. One-hundred crossbred fall-calving Charolais- and Hereford-sired cows of parities 1–3 were allocated to graze either toxic fescue (n = 50), non-toxic fescue (n = 25), or a rotation between toxic and non-toxic fescue (n = 25) for 156 days. Phenotypes impacted by breed (genetics) included hair coat score (p < 0.0001), hair reduction/shedding rate (p < 0.05), rectal temperature (RT) (p < 0.0001), vaginal temperature (p < 0.05), serum phosphorus concentration (p < 0.02) and respiration rate (RR) (p < 0.003). Cows on toxic fescue experienced reduced hair shedding efficacy (p < 0.0001), higher vaginal temperatures (p < 0.0001), increased systolic blood pressure (p < 0.04), increased RR (p < 0.0001) and reduced average daily gain (p < 0.0001), compared to cows grazing non-toxic fescue. Calves born from cows with higher RT during the last third of gestation had higher RT at weaning (p < 0.02), indicating potential physiological effects of in utero heat stress. The study indicates that beef cows exhibit variable responses to toxic fescue within and across breeds which may impact future calf phenotypes.

PSX-B-27 Physiological changes in grazing dairy cows at increasing temperatures under moderate climate conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 270-270
Author(s):  
Alice Pontiggia ◽  
Andreas Münger ◽  
Lukas Eggerschwiler ◽  
Dimitri Stucki ◽  
Stefanie Ammer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Climate Index ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Direct Exposure ◽  
Grazing Dairy Cows ◽  
Vaginal Temperature ◽  
Moderate Climate

Abstract The continuous direct exposure to solar radiation, coupled with their own metabolic heat production, make grazing dairy cows on pasture particularly susceptible to heat stress. Heat stress can impair performance, animal welfare, and health. The objective of the present study was to identify physiological indicators of heat stress in dairy cows in a pasture-based production system under moderate climate conditions. The study was performed with 24 lactating Holstein dairy cows during summer 2018 and 2019 at the experimental farm of Agroscope (Posieux, Switzerland). Cows grazed full-time using a set stocking system. Climate conditions were recorded every min and were used to calculate the comprehensive climate index (CCI), which reflects the felt temperature in °C. The vaginal temperature (VT) of each cow was measured every 10 minutes with temperature loggers and was used as a physiological indicator of heat stress. Blood and milk were sampled once daily in the afternoon before and during milking, respectively. The concentrations of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) were analyzed in blood plasma and cortisol concentration was analyzed in milk. Data from 12 periods of up to 3 consecutive days with increasing CCI was analyzed. Analysis were performed with the averaged CCI and the maximal VT recorded between 0830 and 1430 h. The VTmax was positively correlated with CCIaverage (P &lt; 0.001). The T4 and T3 concentrations decreased with increasing CCIaverage and VTmax (P &lt; 0.01). Cortisol concentrations were positively correlated with CCIaverage and VTmax (P &lt; 0.05). Changes in VT and hormones showed that cows responded to increasing environmental temperature and may have perceived the rising heat load as a stressor.

Chromium supplementation improves glucose metabolism and vaginal temperature regulation in Girolando cows under heat stress conditions in a climatic chamber

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 1661-1668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilian dos Santos Ribeiro ◽  
Felipe Zandonadi Brandão ◽  
Luciano de Rezende Carvalheira ◽  
Túlio José de Freitas Goes ◽  
Rodolpho de Almeida Torres Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Temperature Regulation ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Climatic Chamber ◽  
Vaginal Temperature

54 Relationships Between Heat Stress and Behavioral Responses with Reproductive Traits of Maternal-line Gilts

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 148-149
Author(s):  
Kristen N Cleaver ◽  
Brooklyn A Hill ◽  
Jay S Johnson ◽  
Luiz F Brito
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Animal Behavior ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Swine Farm ◽  
Maternal Line ◽  
Food Animal ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Vaginal Temperature

Abstract Heat stress (HS) during summer months can negatively affect reproductive efficiency and sow productivity. This study was designed to evaluate potential relationships between HS sensitivity and behavior with litter characteristics in replacement gilts. A total of 61 replacement gilts (108.8± 10.4 kg BW; 8 repetitions; 9d/repetition), were tested from February to May 2020 at the USDA-ARS Food Animal Behavior Laboratory in West Lafayette, IN. Pigs were housed (2/pen) in thermoneutral (TN; 22.6± 1.6⁰C) conditions and their behavior was recorded for 5 d. On d 6, gilts were subjected to an open field test and novel object test. Heart rate, number of escape attempts, and vocalizations were recorded during behavior testing. Vaginal temperature monitors were inserted to record body temperature (TB) every 15 min. Gilts were individually housed and exposed to cyclic HS (28.2± 0.97⁰C nighttime to 36.9± 1.9⁰C daytime; 46± 15.4% relative humidity) on d 7 to 9. Feed was provided ad libitum and feed intake was recorded daily. During the HS challenge, respiration rate (RR), skin (ear, shoulder, rump, and tail) temperature, and posture were recorded every 2 h from 0800 to 2000 h. Following the HS challenge, gilts were transported to the Purdue University swine farm, and gilts that displayed signs of estrus were artificially inseminated (253±29 d of age) between May and September 2020. At farrowing, litter characteristics were obtained and included total number of piglets born, total number of piglets born alive, average litter birth weight, total number of piglets weaned, and average weaning weight of the litter. Correlations between behavior, HS response, and litter characteristics were obtained using JMP 15 software. The preliminary analysis indicated no significant interactions (P &lt; 0.05) between RR or TB with litter characteristics. However additional records are currently being collected, which might reveal important trends among the traits analyzed.

Physiological and production responses when feeding Aspergillus oryzae to dairy cows during short-term, moderate heat stress

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. Ominski ◽  
K. M. Wittenberg ◽  
A. D. Kennedy ◽  
S. A. Moshtaghi-Nia
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Aspergillus Oryzae ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Vaginal Temperature ◽  
Intense Heat ◽  
Production Losses ◽  
Temperate Climates

AbstractDairy operations located in many temperate climates experience a decline in milk production associated with short-term moderate heat stress during the summer months. The duration and intensity of this heat stress differs dramatically from the sustained, intense heat experienced in many tropical and subtropical countries where the vast majority of heat stress research has been conducted. As such, many of the strategies utilized to ameliorate production losses associated with sustained, intense heat may not be effective in temperate climates. The objective of this research was to characterize the production responses of lactating dairy cows during and after short-term, moderate heat exposure and, to determine if feeding a fungal culture, Aspergillus oryzae, during a 5-day heat stress period, could effectively alleviate the associated production losses. In a two-period, cross-over design, eight mature lactating cows were given a total mixed ration with or without Aspergillus oryzae. Each 15-day period consisted of a 5-day thermoneutral phase, a 5-day heat stress phase and a 5-day thermoneutral recovery phase. When exposed to moderate heat stress for a 5-day period, cows experienced a rise in vaginal temperature and a decline in dry-matter intake. Following the 5-day heat stress phase, milk yield declined by a factor of 0·09. Supplementation with Aspergillus oryzae had no effect on vaginal temperature, dry-matter intake, water intake, milk yield or milk components. These data indicate that short-term, moderate heat stress, which occurs during the spring and summer months in temperate climates, will significantly decrease production in the lactating cow. Addition of fungal cultures to the diet during the period of imposed heat did not ameliorate production losses associated with this type of heat stress.

scholarly journals Using vaginal temperature to evaluate heat stress in dairy cattle

2005 ◽  
pp. 9-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Cvetkovic ◽  
John F. Smith ◽  
Joseph P. Harner ◽  
Michael J. Brouk
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Vaginal Temperature

Computers and Iatrocomplexities

1966 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 167-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Faer
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Genetic Composition ◽  
Koch’S Postulates ◽  
Lung Malignancies ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Disease Study ◽  
Multiple Etiology ◽  
Great Advance

Developments of disease hypotheses and conceptions of disease as philosophic entities have shown bursts of great advance. One just concluded includes emergence of bacteriology and virology culminating in Koch’s Postulates, which in the twentieth century were primary bases for disease study and colored all approaches to medicine.With recent extraordinary advances in technology, medicine faces great new obligations demanding fresh approaches and untrammeled thinking for solution of problems posed. It is clear that any approach to diseases and disabilities induced by exposures to environmental pollutants must take multiple etiology into account. For example, contributing to causation of lung malignancies one must list usual dusts, radioactivity, smog, auto exhausts, cigarette smoke and genetic composition. Consideration of plural factors in genesis of environmentally associated disease leads to the hypothesis of the incremental insult, a complex and difficult conception in which must be included provision for multiple causative agents, each contributing but a fraction toward total etiology^ Computers developed to their present refinement provide necessary tools for whatever complexity required to spawn and fructify hypotheses of inter-relating associations of incremental insults leading to pathology.

Physiology of Heat Stress and Tolerance Mechanisms - An Overview

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-64
Author(s):  
A. Hemantaranjan ◽  
◽  
C.P. Malik ◽  
A. Nishant Bhanu ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Tolerance Mechanisms
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