scholarly journals Daily vaginal temperature in Girolando cows from three different genetic composition under natural heat stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano de Rezende Carvalheira ◽  
Raphael Rocha Wenceslau ◽  
Lilian dos Santos Ribeiro ◽  
Bruno Campos de Carvalho ◽  
Álan Maia Borges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Genetic Composition ◽  
Tropical Condition ◽  
Pregnancy Status ◽  
Vaginal Temperature

Abstract The present trial evaluated the effect of crossbred composition and Temperature and Humidity Index (THI) on vaginal temperature (VT) of Girolando dairy cows maintained under tropical pasture during warm seasons. The VT was monitored along 41 to 96 h in 615 Girolando cows with different Holstein (H) × Gir genetic composition (1/2 H = 284, 3/4 H = 248, and 7/8 H = 83) from six Brazilian farms in the summer of 2016 and 2017. VT of each cow at each hour of the day and the respective THI were averaged per hour across all monitoring days to generate an averaged value for VT and THI during 24 h. A linear mixed model with repeated measures using restricted maximum likelihood (REML) method for (co)variance components estimation procedure was employed. The final model adjusted the VT for the effects of cow, time, THI, farm, year, pregnancy status, body condition score (BCS), milk yield, genetic composition, and genetic composition*time interaction. Fixed effects were evaluated by ANOVA and tested with Tukey test in R software version 3.6.1 (R Core Team, 2019). Overall mean of VT, air temperature (AT), and THI were 39.06 ± 0.52 °C, 25.63 ± 0.40 °C, and 75.06 ± 3.96, respectively. VT had moderate positive correlation with THI (r² = 0.45, P < 0.001) and AT (r² = 0.46, P < 0.001). The VT had estimated linear increase of 0.05 °C for each THI unit increase (P < 0.001). Least square mean of VT varied among the farms (P < 0.001), pregnancy status (P < 0.001), and BCS (P < 0.05) but not for Milk yield (P > 0.05). The daily average VT was affected by genetic composition (P < 0.001) with highest temperature for 3/4 H (39.08 ± 0.06 °C a) and 7/8 H (39.09 ± 0.06 °C a) and lowest temperature for 1/2 H (38.95 ± 0.06 °C b). The difference of VT among the three crossbred groups varied in function of the time of the day, from 12:00 to 20:00 h (P < 0.001), with 3/4 Holstein and 7/8 Holstein cows reaching similar VT, above to the upper limit 39.1 °C and higher than 1/2 Holstein cows during all this period. In conclusion, Girolando cows are sensitive to heat stress in tropical condition during warm seasons. Moreover, Girolando cows with genetic composition higher than 3/4 Holstein display reduced thermoregulatory efficiency. Therefore, Girolando cows in tropical dairy farms require strategies to mitigate heat stress according to their genetic composition.

scholarly journals Inclusion of bioclimatic variables in genetic evaluations of dairy cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Negri ◽  
Ignacio Aguilar ◽  
Giovani Luis Feltes ◽  
Juliana Dementshuk Machado ◽  
José Braccini Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Random Regression ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Bioclimatic Variables ◽  
Genetic Evaluations

Objective: Considering the importance of dairy farming and the negative effects of heat stress, more tolerant genotypes need to be identified. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of heat stress via temperature-humidity index (THI) and diurnal temperature variation (DTV) in the genetic evaluations for daily milk yield of Holstein dairy cattle, using random regression models.Methods: The data comprised 94,549 test-day records of 11,294 first parity Holstein cows from Brazil, collected from 1997 to 2013, and bioclimatic data (THI and DTV) from 18 weather stations. Least square linear regression models were used to determine the THI and DTV thresholds for milk yield losses caused by heat stress. In addition to the standard model (SM, without bioclimatic variables), THI and DTV were combined in various ways and tested for different days, totaling 41 models.Results: The THI and DTV thresholds for milk yield losses was THI = 74 (–0.106 kg/d/THI) and DTV = 13 (–0.045 kg/d/DTV). The model that included THI and DTV as fixed effects, considering the two-day average, presented better fit (–2logL, Akaike information criterion, and Bayesian information criterion). The estimated breeding values (EBVs) and the reliabilities of the EBVs improved when using this model.Conclusion: Sires are re-ranking when heat stress indicators are included in the model. Genetic evaluation using the mean of two days of THI and DTV as fixed effect, improved EBVs and EBVs reliability.

scholarly journals Determination of the Effect of Daily Production Level of Primiparous Holstein Cows on Response to Heat Stress Conditions (THI Threshold) in Eastern Croatia

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Jožef ◽  
Maja Gregić ◽  
Tina Bobić ◽  
Božo Važić ◽  
Vesna Gantner
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Production Level ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

The goal of this paper was to determine the effect of daily production level of primiparous Holstein cows kept on dairy cattle farms in Eastern Croatia on response to heat stress conditions (THI threshold). With that purpose, individual test-day records with data on ambient temperature and relative humidity in the barns were analysed. Data were collected in regular milk recording from 2006-2012. The THI threshold values for daily milk yield were determined by least square analyses of variance for each given THI value (from 68 to 72) using the PROC MIXED (SAS). Low producing cows experienced significant drop at THI=68, while in high producing primiparous Holsteins first significant drop in daily milk yield was observed when THI=69. Also, the amount of daily production drop depended on cow’s production level (0.155-0.256 kg/day in high producing; 0.319-0.460 kg/day in low producing). It could be concluded that the response of primiparous Holstein cows kept in Eastern Croatia to heat stress conditions depends on daily production level.

scholarly journals Erratum to: Daily vaginal temperature in Girolando cows from three different genetic composition under natural heat stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano de Rezende Carvalheira ◽  
Raphael Rocha Wenceslau ◽  
Lilian dos Santos Ribeiro ◽  
Bruno Campos de Carvalho ◽  
Álan Maia Borges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Genetic Composition ◽  
Vaginal Temperature

scholarly journals Heat stress modifies the lactational performances and the urinary metabolomic profile related to gastrointestinal microbiota of dairy goats

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Contreras-Jodar ◽  
Nazri Nayan ◽  
Soufiane Hamzaoui ◽  
Gerardo Caja ◽  
Ahmed A.K. Salama
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Metabolomic Profile ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
H Nmr

AbstractThe aim of the study was to identify the candidate biomarkers of heat stress (HS) in the urine of lactating dairy goats through the application of proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR)-based metabolomic analysis. Dairy does (n = 16) in mid-lactation were submitted to thermal neutral (TN; indoors; 15 to 20°C; 40 to 45% humidity) or HS (climatic chamber; 37°C day, 30°C night; 40% humidity) conditions according to a crossover design (2 periods of 21 days). Thermophysiological traits and lactational performances were recorded and milk composition analyzed during each period. Urine samples were collected at day 15 of each period for 1H NMR spectroscopy analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square–discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) assessment with cross validation were used to identify the goat urinary metabolome from Human Metabolome Data Base. HS increased rectal temperature (1.2°C), respiratory rate (3.5-fold) and water intake (74%), but decreased feed intake (35%) and body weight (5%) of the lactating does. No differences were detected in milk yield, but HS decreased the milk contents of fat (9%), protein (16%) and lactose (5%). Metabolomics allowed separating TN and HS urinary clusters by PLS-DA. Most discriminating metabolites were hippurate and other phenylalanine (Phe) derivative compounds, which increased in HS vs. TN does. The greater excretion of these gut-derived toxic compounds indicated that HS induced a harmful gastrointestinal microbiota overgrowth, which should have sequestrated aromatic amino acids for their metabolism and decreased the synthesis of neurotransmitters and thyroid hormones, with negative impact on milk yield and composition. In conclusion, HS markedly changed the thermophysiological traits and lactational performances of dairy goats, which were translated into their urinary metabolomic profile through the presence of gut-derived toxic compounds. Hippurate and other Phe-derivative compounds are suggested as urinary biomarkers to detect heat stressed dairy animals in practice.

scholarly journals Immune and metabolic responses of beef heifers supplemented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae to a combined viral-bacterial respiratory disease challenge

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa B Word ◽  
P Rand Broadway ◽  
Nicole C Burdick Sanchez ◽  
Shelby L Roberts ◽  
John T Richeson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Average Dose ◽  
Recording Device ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Vaginal Temperature

Abstract Two treatments were evaluated in heifers to determine the effects of a yeast supplement on immune and metabolic responses to a combined (tandem viral-bacterial) respiratory disease challenge. Thirty-two beef heifers (325 ± 20.1 kg BW) were selected from a larger population previously assigned to one of two treatments: Control (CON), receiving no yeast supplement in the diet, or yeast (YST), CON diet plus a combination live yeast (2.5 g·heifer−1·d−1) and yeast cell wall (2.5 g·heifer−1·d−1) supplement (Phileo Lesaffre Animal Care, Milwaukee, WI). Heifers were maintained on treatments for 31 d prior to the challenge. On day −3 all heifers were fitted with an indwelling vaginal temperature recording device, received an intranasal challenge with 2 × 108 plaque-forming units of bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1), and placed in outdoor pens. On day 0, all heifers were fitted with an indwelling jugular catheter, challenged intratracheally with an average dose of 3.0 × 107 colony-forming units (cfu) of Mannheimia haemolytica in 100 mL media, and were transferred into individual stanchions in an enclosed, environmentally controlled barn. Whole blood samples were collected at −72 h and at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 h (hematology) and at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 h (serum isolation) relative to M. haemolytica challenge (0 h). Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS specific for repeated measures with fixed effects of treatment, time, and the treatment × time interaction. Vaginal temperature and cortisol concentrations were similar between treatments (P ≥ 0.39). Although total leukocyte count following BHV-1 challenge was similar between treatments (P = 0.21), there was a tendency (P = 0.07) for CON heifers to have greater neutrophil counts than YST heifers. Serum haptoglobin concentration was similar between treatments (P = 0.13). Heifers in the YST treatment had similar serum glucose concentrations (P = 0.25) and decreased serum concentrations of urea nitrogen compared to CON (P = 0.03). Dietary treatment did not affect serum nonesterified fatty acid concentrations (P = 0.37). Nasal lesion score severity (0–4) tended (P = 0.07) to be decreased in YST compared to CON (2.5 vs. 3.19 ± 0.26), while water intake tended to be increased in YST (P = 0.06). Feeding a yeast supplement had little effect on the acute-phase response but improved metabolic outcomes in heifers during a respiratory disease challenge.

scholarly journals Genetic relationship between milk dry matter and other milk traits in extended lactations of Polish Holstein cows

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 91-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Yazgan ◽  
J. Makulska ◽  
A. Węglarz ◽  
E. Ptak ◽  
M. Gierdziewicz
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Random Regression ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Milk Traits ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Third

The objective of this research was to examine heritabilities and genetic, phenotypic and permanent environmental relationships between milk dry matter (DM) and milk traits such as milk, fat, protein and lactose yields, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) and somatic cell score (SCS) in extended (to 395 days) lactations of Holstein cows from a big farm in Poland. The data set consisted of 78 059 test day records from the first, second and third lactations of 3 792 cows, daughters of 210 sires and 1 677 dams. Single- or two-trait random regression models were used with fixed effects of calving year, calving month, dry period and calving interval and random additive genetic and permanent environmental effects. The last two fixed effects were not included in the analysis of first lactation data. The highest values of heritabilities for all traits, except DM, were observed in the second lactation. First lactation heritabilities for all traits – except milk yield and SCS – were smaller than those in the third lactation. Lactose yield was highly heritable, with average h<SUP>2</SUP> equal to 0.25, 0.29 and 0.28 in lactations 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Heritability for DM was slightly lower than that for lactose (0.22, 0.26 and 0.28 for lactations 1, 2 and 3, respectively). In all lactations heritabilities for SCS were below 0.1. Genetic correlations between DM and milk yield (0.64–0.74) were lower than those between MUN and milk yield (0.67–0.79) as well as between lactose and milk yield (0.72–0.82). In general, DM was much more closely correlated with fat or protein yield (0.55–0.79) than with MUN or lactose (0.38–0.76). Only in the third lactation the correlation between DM and protein (0.72) was lower than between lactose and protein (0.76). For all lactations there were very high genetic correlations between DM and lactose (0.96–0.98) and high correlations between DM and MUN (0.63–0.83) and between lactose and MUN (0.70–0.85). The results suggest that further research is needed, focused on DM and its relationship with other traits in larger populations. &nbsp;

PSIV-4 Characterization of heat stress condition on productive performance and physiological indicators, milk composition, gene expression, and metabolomics in blood and milk of early lactating Holstein cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 299-299
Author(s):  
JangHoon Jo ◽  
Jalil Ghassemi Nejad ◽  
WonSeob Kim ◽  
Hyeran Kim ◽  
SnagHo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Normal Heart Rate ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
C 50

Abstract We aimed to characterize heat stress (HS) effects in early lactating Holstein cows using measures of productive performance, physiological and genetic indicators, blood and milk parameters, and metabolomics in blood and milk. Eight cows (milk yield = 29.27 ± 0.38 kg/d, days in milk = 40 ± 8 d) were equally housed in environmentally controlled chambers by providing temperature-humidity index (THI) at two levels of 70~71 (25°C, 35~50% humidity, threshold) and 86~87 (31°C, 80~95% humidity, severe). For each treatment, the environment inside the chamber was adjusted for 7 days of adaptation at 67~68 THI (22°C, 50~60% humidity, normal) level. After the adjustment period, cows were subjected to HS for 7 days. Feed and water intake and milk yield were measured daily, and blood was collected and physiological indicators were monitored on the 7th and 14th days. Data were analyzed using GLM procedure of SAS. Feed intake and milk yield were lower (P&lt; 0.05) and water intake was higher (P &lt; 0.05) in the severe than the threshold and normal. Lactose tended to be lower (P = 0.082) in the severe than the threshold and normal. Heart rate, rectal and skin temperature were higher (P &lt; 0.05) in the severe than the threshold and normal. Blood HSP90 and HSPB1 were higher (P &lt; 0.05) in the severe than threshold and normal. Alanine, proline, glutamic acid, tryptophan, lactic acid, and citric acid in milk and blood were lower (P &lt; 0.05) in the severe than threshold and normal. In conclusion, early lactating Holstein cows are characterized to receive higher HS by showing the changes in historical measures of productive performance, physiological and genetic indicators, and blood and milk parameters under severe HS condition whereas the new approach of metabolomics in blood and milk are recognized as sensitive and reliable indicators of severe HS.

scholarly journals 160 A comparison of body temperature among pregnant, non-pregnant and lactating hair sheep ewes in the tropics

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 169-170
Author(s):  
Bob Godfrey ◽  
Amran Nero ◽  
Sue Lakos
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Hair Sheep ◽  
Data Loggers ◽  
Pregnancy Status ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vaginal Temperature

Abstract St. Croix White hair sheep are well adapted to the tropics. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of pregnancy on body temperature of hair sheep. Multiparous St. Croix White ewes (n = 9) were evaluated over 4 d at 128 d of gestation (PREG) and 45 d postpartum (PP) while lactating. A set of non-pregnant, non-lactating (DRY) ewes (n = 9) were also evaluated at each time. Temperature data loggers recorded vaginal temperature (VT) at 10-min intervals for 96 h. Ewes were kept in a 0.6 ha pasture. Data were analyzed using GLM procedures of SAS for repeated measures with pregnancy status and time of day in the model. Mean temperature and solar radiation were 26.3 °C and 212.3 W/m2, respectively. Ewe VT was lowest (P &lt; 0.0001) between 0 and 0700 h and greatest between 1400 and 1900 h (38.21 ± 0. 02 vs 39.11 ± 0.02 °C, respectively). Ewe VT was lowest (P &lt; 0.004) in PREG ewes compared to DRY or PP ewes (38.38 ± 0.02 vs 38.76 ± 0.02 vs 38.77 ± 0.02, °C, respectively). The VT of PREG ewes was lower than that of DRY ewes (P &lt; 0.0001) during 0 to 0480 and 1920 to 2400 h, but there was no difference (P &gt; 0.10) between 0480 and 1920 h. There was no difference in VT between PP and DRY ewes at any time of the day (P &gt; 0.10). The VT of PREG ewes was lower than that of PP ewes (P &lt; 0.0001) during 0 to 0480 and 1920 to 2400 h, but there was no difference (P &gt; 0.10) between 0480 and 1920 h. The lower VT of PREG ewes compared to PP and DRY ewes may be a protective mechanism for the developing fetus.

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