scholarly journals Oscillating and static dietary crude protein supply. I. Impacts on intake, digestibility, performance, and nitrogen balance in young Nellore bulls1

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1205-1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Clara B Menezes ◽  
Sebastião C Valadares Filho ◽  
Marcos V C Pacheco ◽  
Pauliane Pucetti ◽  
Breno C Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quadratic Effects ◽  
Protein Supply ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Static Level ◽  
Daily Total

Abstract: Effects of dietary crude protein (CP) supply on intake, digestibility, performance, and N balance were evaluated in young Nellore bulls consuming static or oscillating CP concentrations. Forty-two young bulls (initial BW of 260 ± 8.1 kg; age of 7 ± 1.0 mo) were fed ad libitum and were randomly assigned to receive one of six diets with different CP concentrations for 140 d: 105 (LO), 125 (MD), or 145 g CP /kg DM (HI), and LO to HI (LH), LO to MD (LM), or MD to HI (MH) oscillating CP at a 48-h interval for each feed. At the end of the experiment, bulls were slaughtered to evaluate carcass characteristics. Linear and quadratic effects were used to compare LO, MD, and HI, and specific contrasts were applied to compare oscillating dietary CP treatments vs. MD (125 g CP/kg DM) static treatment. Dry matter intake (DMI) was not affected (P > 0.26) by increasing or oscillating dietary CP. As dietary N concentration increased, there was a subsequent increase in apparent N compounds digestibility (P = 0.02), and no significant difference (P = 0.38) was observed between oscillating LH and MD. Daily total urinary and fecal N increased (P < 0.01) in response to increasing dietary CP. Significant differences were observed between oscillating LM and MH vs. MD, where bulls receiving the LM diet excreted less (P < 0.01; 71.21 g/d) and bulls fed MH excreted more (P < 0.01) urinary N (90.70 g/d) than those fed MD (85.52 g/d). A quadratic effect was observed (P < 0.01) for retained N as a percentage of N intake, where the bulls fed LO had greater N retention than those fed HI, 16.20% and 13.78%, respectively. Both LH and LM had greater (P < 0.01) daily retained N when compared with MD. Performance and carcass characteristics were not affected (P > 0.05) by increasing or oscillating dietary CP. Therefore, these data indicate that although there is no alteration in the performance of growing Nellore bulls fed with oscillating CP diets vs. a static level of 125 g CP/kg DM, nor static low (105 g CP/kg DM) and high (145 g CP/kg DM) levels; there may be undesirable increases in environmental N excretion when the average dietary CP content is increased. The results suggest that dietary CP concentrations of 105, 125 g/kg DM, or within this range can be indicated for finishing young Nellore bulls, since it reaches the requirements, reduces the environmental footprint related to N excretion, and may save on costs of high-priced protein feeds.

The relative importance of energy and protein in the concentrate on intake and yield of milk constituents by freisland ewes offered hay ad-libitum

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 207-207
Author(s):  
R.G. Wilkinson ◽  
C.M. Minter ◽  
G. Duffy ◽  
J. Celerier
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Dairy Sheep ◽  
Total Response ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Forage Intake ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Protein Supply ◽  
To Receive

Increasing the level of concentrate fed to lactating ruminants reduces forage intake, but increases the yield of milk and milk constituents (Aston et al. 1991). However, the proportion of the total response due to additional metabolisable energy (ME) or crude protein supply (CP) is unclear. Recent work with dairy cows (Aston et al. 1992) suggests that additional ME or CP fed as concentrate reduced and slightly increased silage intake respectively. Additional CP had twice the effect on milk and three times the effect on protein yield than additional ME. However, ME and CP were equally important in determining fat yield. The objective of the trial was to investigate whether dairy sheep respond to additional ME or CP supply as concentrate in a similar way to dairy cows.Three concentrate diets were formulated to contain 13.0 MJ/kg DM ME and either 100 (A), 200 (B) or 400 (C) g/kg DM CP. After weaning (6 weeks), 24 mature Freisland ewes were housed individually, and allocated by liveweight and initial milk yield to receive concentrate DM at daily rates of 0.8 kg, providing 10.4 MJ/day ME and 160 (B) or 320 (C) g/day CP (LLP, LHP), or 1.6 kg, providing 20.8 MJ/day ME and 160 (A) or 320 (B) g/day CP (HLP, HHP). The trial lasted 8 weeks and was analysed as a 2 X 2 factorial design.

scholarly journals Fütterungs- und nicht fütterungsbedingte Einflüsse auf den Milchharnstoffgehalt von Milchkühen – 1. Mitteilung: Fütterungsbedingte Einflussfaktoren auf den Milchharnstoffgehalt von Milchkühen

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-262
Author(s):  
W. Richardt ◽  
H. Jeroch ◽  
J. Spilke
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Urea Concentration ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Milk Urea ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Title of the paper: The impact of nutrition and non nutrition factors on milk urea concentration. I. The impact of nutrition factors on milk urea concentration The object of this study was to determine the impact of dietary crude protein / energy balance, stage of lactation parity, milk yield or milk protein yield, milk protein content, somatic cell count, season and herd on milk ureä concentration under the conditions of large herds (50–1000 dairy cows) and routine milk yield recording. From this data a model was created to predict the milk urea concentration for a single dairy cow or a feeding group For the analysis of the data a mixed linear model (proc mixed; SAS®, 1997) was used. The fixed effects (ratio of crude protein / energy, degradability of dietary crude protein, ruminal N-balance, lactation period, parity) was computed by generalized least-squares-means. The season, herd and month were used as random effects Milk yield or milk protein yield, milk protein content, somatic cell count and day in milk were included as Covariables in the model. The effect of dietary crude protein / energy balance on milk urea was significant (p < 0.0001). For diets with an optimal ratio of crude protein / energy (according to GfE, 1997) 226 mg/1 was calculated using least-squares-means. For diets with excess of crude protein this figure rose to 252 mg/1 In this study a significant difference in least-squares-means calculated urea concentration did not existed for degradability of dietary crude protein. On the other hand, a significant difference in least-squares-means calculated urea concentration existed for ruminal N-balance between 0 and 2.

Effect of different levels of dietary crude protein on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of commercial broilers at different phases of growth

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Srilatha ◽  
V. Ravinder Reddy ◽  
V. Chinni Preetam ◽  
S.V. Rama Rao ◽  
Y. Ramana Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Different Levels

An experiment was conducted to find out the effect of different levels of crude protein in broiler diets during different phases. i.e., pre starter (0-11d), starter (12-21d) and finisher (22-42d). 360 day-old broilers (Vencobb) were procured from a commercial hatchery and fed either high or low dietary CP diets during pre-starter (23 and 21%) , starter (21 and 19%) and high, moderate or low CP diets during finisher ( 18.5, 17.5 and 16.5%) phases, for a total of 12 possible treatment combinations at d 42. The results showed that the broilers fed low levels of CP ( 21 and 19 %) had significantly(P less than 0.05) higher body weight gain (BWG) and feed intake (FI), and better feed efficiency over the diets with high levels of CP during pre-starter and starter phases (23 and 21%, respectively). The higher (18.5%) level of protein in the finisher phase showed higher BWG and best FCR compared to the lower levels (17.5 and 16.5%). Carcass characters were not influenced by the variation in dietary CP level tested except the abdominal fat weight which was significantly higher in broiler fed low CP diet compared to those fed higher levels of CP during all three phases. The results indicated that the broilers fed low CP diets supplemented with critical amino acids (21 and 19%) had beneficial effect on the growth performance during pre-starter and starter phase. The broilers showed an ability to respond to increase in dietary CP levels during finisher phase.

Effect of reduced dietary crude protein and supplemental limiting amino acids on the growth and carcass characteristics of Swarnadhara chicks

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beena C. Joseph ◽  
Jayanaik T. Munegowda ◽  
Chandrapal . ◽  
K. Singh ◽  
V. Malathi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Carcass Parameters ◽  
Limiting Amino Acids

A six-week trial was conducted to determine the effect of lowering dietary crude protein levels with supplementation of limiting amino acid on growth performance, and carcass characteristics in one of the Indian improved crossbred Swarnadhara chicks in a completely randomized design having five treatments and four replications of 20 birds in each. Five isocaloric (2800 ME Kcal//kg) experimental diets based on corn-soy bean meal were formulated in a gradual crude protein decline from 21 % (control T1) to 19% by 0.5% interval. The levels of limiting amino acids namely methionine, lysine, threonine and tryptophan were met as that of control (T1) by adding synthetic preparations. Highest body weight was recorded in 2% crude protein reduced group (T5) which was comparable with control (T1). However, cumulative feed intake and feed conversion ratio of different treatments were not significantly different. Moreover, carcass parameters like dressing percentage, breast meat yield, liver and heart weights remained unaffected by the dietary treatments. Relative gizzard weight and abdominal fat weights showed variations and lower dietary protein diets were comparable with control diet (T1). In summary, crude protein content of Swarnadhara chick diet can be reduced to 19% with essential AA fortification without any adverse effect on growth performance and carcass characteristics during 0-6 weeks of age.

scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Crude Protein and Amino Acid Contents on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics in Korean Native Ducks

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-359
Author(s):  
Hyung Joo Kwon ◽  
Yun Kyung Choo ◽  
Sung Taek Oh ◽  
Hak Kyu Kim ◽  
Chang Won Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Contents
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