scholarly journals Using a daily diary approach to examine the early effects of COVID-19 on daily physical activity bouts and contexts among residents of Colorado and California

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimikaye Courtney ◽  
Kayla Nuss ◽  
Shirlene Wang ◽  
Bridgette Do ◽  
Genevieve Dunton
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Daily Diary ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Effects Models ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Hispanic Latinos ◽  
Early Effects ◽  
Streaming Videos

Abstract COVID-19 restrictions may prevent adults from achieving sufficient physical activity (PA) and may affect PA context. This study examined the early effects of COVID-19 on daily PA bouts and contexts during April–June 2020 using a daily diary approach. Adults (N = 390) completed daily diary surveys for 28 days assessing number of PA bouts and social (e.g., alone), locational (i.e., home, neighborhood, recreational space), and technology (e.g., using streaming videos) contexts of PA. Mixed-effects models examined the effects of days since the pandemic started (on 3/13/2020), state residence, and demographics on number of daily PA bouts. Models examined demographic and temporal effects on PA context. Participants were 18–77 years, 15% Hispanic/Latino, and 80% female. PA bouts per day decreased significantly over time among Californians versus Coloradans (bsimple = −0.01, p < .001) and Hispanics/Latinos (vs. non-Hispanic Latinos) did fewer PA bouts per day (b = −0.17, p = .04). Most PA bouts occurred while alone (56.7%), at home (43.4%), or in any neighborhood (40.5%). Older (60+ years) versus younger (<40 years) adults were less likely to do PA with others (odds ratio [OR] = 0.40, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.18–0.90). PA bouts in recreational spaces were more common on weekends versus weekdays (OR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.32–1.92) and were less common among California versus Colorado residents (OR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.12–0.42). PA bouts decreased from April to June 2020, and these changes disparately affected subgroups. Resources are needed to counteract the negative effects of COVID-19 restrictions intended to slow disease spread on PA.

scholarly journals Nutrition Education Program and Physical Activity Improve the Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet: Impact on Inflammatory Biomarker Levels in Healthy Adolescents From the DIMENU Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catia Morelli ◽  
Ennio Avolio ◽  
Angelo Galluccio ◽  
Giovanna Caparello ◽  
Emanuele Manes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Effects Models ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects Models ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Nutrition Education Program ◽  
Vigorous Intensity

Adherence to Mediterranean diet (MD) and physical activity (PA) in adolescence represent powerful indicators of healthy lifestyles in adulthood. The aim of this longitudinal study was to investigate the impact of nutrition education program (NEP) on the adherence to the MD and on the inflammatory status in healthy adolescents, categorized into three groups according to their level of PA (inactivity, moderate intensity, and vigorous intensity). As a part of the DIMENU (Dieta Mediterranea & Nuoto) study, 85 adolescents (aged 14–17 years) participated in the nutrition education sessions provided by a team of nutritionists and endocrinologists at T0. All participants underwent anthropometric measurements, bio-impedentiometric analysis (BIA), and measurements of inflammatory biomarkers such as ferritin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Data were collected at baseline (T0) and 6 months after NEP (T1). To assess the adherence to the MD, we used KIDMED score. In our adolescents, we found an average MD adherence, which was increased at T1 compared with T0 (T0: 6.03 ± 2.33 vs. T1: 6.96 ± 2.03, p = 0.002), with an enhanced percentage of adolescents with optimal (≥8 score) MD adherence over the study period (T0: 24.71% vs. T1: 43.52%, p = 0.001). Interestingly, in linear mixed-effects models, we found that NEP and vigorous-intensity PA levels independently influenced KIDMED score (β = 0.868, p < 0.0001 and β = 1.567, p = 0.009, respectively). Using ANOVA, NEP had significant effects on serum ferritin levels (p < 0.001), while either NEP or PA influenced ESR (p = 0.035 and 0.002, respectively). We also observed in linear mixed-effects models that NEP had a negative effect on ferritin and CRP (β = −14.763, p < 0.001 and β = −0.714, p = 0.02, respectively). Our results suggest the usefulness to promote healthy lifestyle, including either nutrition education interventions, or PA to improve MD adherence and to impact the inflammatory status in adolescence as a strategy for the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases over the entire lifespan.

scholarly journals Students Adding Value: Improving Patient Care Measures While Learning Valuable Population Health Skills

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy W. Shaheen ◽  
Kelly Bossenbroek Fedoriw ◽  
Susanna Khachaturyan ◽  
Beat Steiner ◽  
Julie Golding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Student Involvement ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Effects Models ◽  
Learning Goals ◽  
Collaborative Practices ◽  
Private Practices ◽  
Care Practices ◽  
Primary Care Practices ◽  
Improving Patient Care

Medical students are potential resources for ambulatory primary care practices if learning goals can align with clinical needs. The authors introduced a quality improvement (QI) curriculum in the ambulatory clinical rotation that matched student learning expectations with practice needs. In 2016-2017, 128 students were assigned to academic, university affiliated, community health, and private practices. Student project measures were matched with appropriate outcome measures on monthly practice dashboards. Binomial mixed effects models were used to model QI measures. For university collaborative practices with student involvement, the estimated odds of a patient being screened for breast cancer in March 2017 was approximately 2 times greater than in 2016. This odds ratio was 36.2% greater than the comparable odds ratio for collaborative practices without student involvement (95% confidence interval = 22.7% to 51.2% greater). When student curriculum and assignments align with practice needs, practice metrics improve and students contribute to improvements in real-world settings.

scholarly journals The Effect of Active Plus, a Computer-Tailored Physical Activity Intervention, on the Physical Activity of Older Adults with Chronic Illness(es)—A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2590
Author(s):  
Esmee Volders ◽  
Catherine A. W. Bolman ◽  
Renate H. M. de Groot ◽  
Peter Verboon ◽  
Lilian Lechner
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Effects Models ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects Models ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Objectively Measured

eHealth interventions aimed at improving physical activity (PA) can reach large populations with few resources and demands on the population as opposed to centre-based interventions. Active Plus is a proven effective computer-tailored PA intervention for the older adult population focusing on PA in daily life. This manuscript describes the effects of the Active Plus intervention (N = 260) on PA of older adults with chronic illnesses (OACI), compared to a waiting list control group (N = 325). It was part of a larger randomized controlled trial (RCT) on the effects of the Active Plus intervention on cognitive functioning. OACI (≥65 years) with at least one chronic illness were allocated to one of the conditions. Intervention group participants received PA advice. Baseline and follow-up measurements were assessed after 6 and 12 months. Intervention effects on objectively measured light PA (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) min/week were analysed with multilevel linear mixed-effects models adjusted for the clustered design. Intervention effects on self-reported MVPA min/week on common types of PA were analysed with two-part generalized linear mixed-effects models adjusted for the clustered design. The dropout rate was 19.1% after 6 months and 25.1% after 12 months. Analyses showed no effects on objectively measured PA. Active Plus increased the likelihood to perform self-reported cycling and gardening at six months and participants who cycled increased their MVPA min/week of cycling. Twelve months after baseline the intervention increased the likelihood to perform self-reported walking and participants who cycled at 12 months increased their MVPA min/week of cycling. Subgroup analyses showed that more vulnerable participants (higher degree of impairment, age or body mass index) benefitted more from the intervention on especially the lower intensity PA outcomes. In conclusion, Active Plus only increased PA behaviour to a limited extent in OACI 6 and 12 months after baseline measurements. The Active Plus intervention may yet be not effective enough by itself in OACI. A blended approach, where this eHealth intervention and face-to-face contact are combined, is advised to improve the effects of Active Plus on PA in this target group.

The Effect of Terrorism on Judicial Confidence

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 790-802
Author(s):  
Steven V. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Due Process ◽  
Judicial Independence ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Effects Models ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Security Dilemma ◽  
European Values Survey ◽  
European Values ◽  
Global Terrorism ◽  
Global Terrorism Database

Independent judiciaries prevent democratic reversals, facilitate peaceful transitions of power, and legitimate democracy among citizens. We believe this judicial independence is important for citizen-level judicial confidence and faith in democratic institutions. I challenge this and argue that citizens living under terror threats lose confidence in their independent judiciaries. Terror threats lead citizens to enable the state leader to provide counterterrorism for their security, which has important implications for interbranch relations between the executive and the judiciary. Citizens lose confidence in independent judiciaries that provide due process for suspected terrorists. I test my argument with mixed effects models that incorporate the Global Terrorism Database and four waves of European Values Survey. The analyses demonstrate the negative effects of terror threats on judicial confidence when interacting terror threats with measures of judicial independence. My findings have important implications for the study of democratic confidence and the liberty-security dilemma.

Teacher-Level Factors, Classroom Physical Activity Opportunities, and Children’s Physical Activity Levels

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 637-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Abi Nader ◽  
Evan Hilberg ◽  
John M. Schuna ◽  
Deborah H. John ◽  
Katherine B. Gunter
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Mixed Effects Models ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
Rural Elementary Schools ◽  
Children’S Physical Activity

Background: Classroom-based physical activity (CBPA) breaks are a cost-effective strategy to promote physical activity (PA) at school. Despite teachers’ critical roles in sustained implementation of CBPA breaks, few studies examined the association of teacher-level factors with student PA levels, and none focused on rural schools. Methods: We monitored children’s PA levels over 4 consecutive school days at 6 rural Oregon elementary schools with Walk4Life pedometers. During the same week, teachers recorded all student PA opportunities (recess, PE, and CBPA breaks) and answered a 26-item questionnaire about factors influencing their use of CBPA breaks. Mixed-effects models were used to associate teacher-level factors and PA opportunities with children’s moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA; in minutes per day), controlling for child-level covariates. Results: When teachers valued PA, students accumulated more MVPA (1.07 min/d; P < .01) than students of teachers reporting low PA value. Students did more MVPA (1 min/d; P < .001) when teachers agreed the school operating conditions posed barriers to providing PA than when teachers disagreed that barriers existed. PE classes contributed significantly to student’s PA levels. Conclusion: Provision of PE, increasing teacher value for PA, and further investigation of how teacher-level factors relate to students’ MVPA levels during CBPA breaks at rural elementary schools are warranted.

scholarly journals Patterns in Weight and Physical Activity Tracking Data Preceding a Stop in Weight Monitoring: Observational Analysis (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Frie ◽  
Jamie Hartmann-Boyce ◽  
Susan Jebb ◽  
Jason Oke ◽  
Paul Aveyard
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Effects Models ◽  
Activity Tracking ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Physical Activity Data ◽  
Physical Activity Monitoring ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Weight Monitoring

BACKGROUND Self-regulation for weight loss requires regular self-monitoring of weight, but the frequency of weight tracking commonly declines over time. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate whether it is a decline in weight loss or a drop in motivation to lose weight (using physical activity tracking as a proxy) that may be prompting a stop in weight monitoring. METHODS We analyzed weight and physical activity data from 1605 Withings Health Mate app users, who had set a weight loss goal and stopped tracking their weight for at least six weeks after a minimum of 16 weeks of continuous tracking. Mixed effects models compared weight change, average daily steps, and physical activity tracking frequency between a 4-week period of continuous tracking and a 4-week period preceding the stop in weight tracking. Additional mixed effects models investigated subsequent changes in physical activity data during 4 weeks of the 6-week long stop in weight tracking. RESULTS People lost weight during continuous tracking (mean −0.47 kg, SD 1.73) but gained weight preceding the stop in weight tracking (mean 0.25 kg, SD 1.62; difference 0.71 kg; 95% CI 0.60 to 0.81). Average daily steps (beta=−220 daily steps per time period; 95% CI −320 to −120) and physical activity tracking frequency (beta=−3.4 days per time period; 95% CI −3.8 to −3.1) significantly declined from the continuous tracking to the pre-stop period. From pre-stop to post-stop, physical activity tracking frequency further decreased (beta=−6.6 days per time period; 95% CI −7.12 to −6.16), whereas daily step count on the day’s activity was measured increased (beta=110 daily steps per time period; 95% CI 50 to 170). CONCLUSIONS In the weeks before people stop tracking their weight, their physical activity and physical activity monitoring frequency decline. At the same time, weight increases, suggesting that declining motivation for weight control and difficulties with making use of negative weight feedback might explain why people stop tracking their weight. The increase in daily steps but decrease in physical activity tracking frequency post-stop might result from selective measurement of more active days.

scholarly journals Higher inhibitory control is required to escape the innate attraction to effort minimization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Cheval ◽  
Marcos Daou ◽  
Daniel Aranha Rego Cabral ◽  
Mariane Bacelar ◽  
Juliana Otoni Parma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Effects Models ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Registration Form ◽  
Commission Errors

Recent evidence suggests humans have an automatic attraction to effort minimization. Yet, how this attraction is associated with response inhibition is still unclear. Here, we used go/no-go tasks to capture inhibitory control in response to stimuli depicting physical activity versus physical inactivity in 59 healthy young individuals. Higher commission errors (i.e., failure to refrain a response to a “no-go” stimulus) were used as a measure for inhibitory control. Based on the energetic cost minimization theory, we hypothesized that participants would exhibit higher commission errors when responding to stimuli depicting physical inactivity stimuli rather than physical activity stimuli. As expected, mixed effects models showed that, compared to physical activity stimuli, participants exhibited higher commission errors when responding to stimuli depicting physical inactivity (odds ratio = 1.59, 95% Confidence Interval [95%CI] = 1.18 to 2.16, p = .003). These results suggest that physical inactivity stimuli might require high response inhibition. This study lends support for the hypothesis that an attraction to effort minimization might affect inhibitory processes in the presence of stimuli related to this minimization. The study pre-registration form can be found at https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/RKYHB

scholarly journals Patterns in Weight and Physical Activity Tracking Data Preceding a Stop in Weight Monitoring: Observational Analysis

10.2196/15790 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. e15790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Frie ◽  
Jamie Hartmann-Boyce ◽  
Susan Jebb ◽  
Jason Oke ◽  
Paul Aveyard
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Effects Models ◽  
Activity Tracking ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Physical Activity Data ◽  
Physical Activity Monitoring ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Weight Monitoring

Background Self-regulation for weight loss requires regular self-monitoring of weight, but the frequency of weight tracking commonly declines over time. Objective This study aimed to investigate whether it is a decline in weight loss or a drop in motivation to lose weight (using physical activity tracking as a proxy) that may be prompting a stop in weight monitoring. Methods We analyzed weight and physical activity data from 1605 Withings Health Mate app users, who had set a weight loss goal and stopped tracking their weight for at least six weeks after a minimum of 16 weeks of continuous tracking. Mixed effects models compared weight change, average daily steps, and physical activity tracking frequency between a 4-week period of continuous tracking and a 4-week period preceding the stop in weight tracking. Additional mixed effects models investigated subsequent changes in physical activity data during 4 weeks of the 6-week long stop in weight tracking. Results People lost weight during continuous tracking (mean −0.47 kg, SD 1.73) but gained weight preceding the stop in weight tracking (mean 0.25 kg, SD 1.62; difference 0.71 kg; 95% CI 0.60 to 0.81). Average daily steps (beta=−220 daily steps per time period; 95% CI −320 to −120) and physical activity tracking frequency (beta=−3.4 days per time period; 95% CI −3.8 to −3.1) significantly declined from the continuous tracking to the pre-stop period. From pre-stop to post-stop, physical activity tracking frequency further decreased (beta=−6.6 days per time period; 95% CI −7.12 to −6.16), whereas daily step count on the day’s activity was measured increased (beta=110 daily steps per time period; 95% CI 50 to 170). Conclusions In the weeks before people stop tracking their weight, their physical activity and physical activity monitoring frequency decline. At the same time, weight increases, suggesting that declining motivation for weight control and difficulties with making use of negative weight feedback might explain why people stop tracking their weight. The increase in daily steps but decrease in physical activity tracking frequency post-stop might result from selective measurement of more active days.

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