Genetic variation of leaf traits related to productivity in a Populus deltoides × Populus nigra family

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 390-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Marron ◽  
Reinhart Ceulemans
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Populus Nigra ◽  
Hybrid Vigor ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Individual Leaf

In breeding and selection, two of the main goals of hybridization are to combine favourable traits from different species and to obtain high hybrid vigor (or heterosis). The objectives of our study were (1) to determine which leaf traits are most closely linked to growth in a cross between Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. and Populus nigra L. and (2) to estimate the relevance of this cross for selection of highly productive genotypes. To achieve these objectives, 26 poplar F1 hybrids and their parents were studied during their second growing season in central France. Tree growth (i.e., growth rates of stem height, circumference, and volume) was monitored during 1 month, and leaf traits (i.e., increases in number of leaves, maximum individual leaf area, specific leaf area, petiole length, and dry mass, leaf carbon and nitrogen contents, and internode length) were estimated at the end of the 1-month period. Growth traits were tightly correlated to most of the leaf traits. More precisely, it appeared that stem volume growth rate can be decomposed into two single leaf characteristics: maximum individual leaf area and leaf increment rate. All traits showed moderate values of broad-sense heritability. Heterosis as well as coefficients of genetic variation were also modest.

scholarly journals Variability in flooding tolerance, growth and leaf traits in a Populus deltoides intraspecific progeny

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
María E Rodríguez ◽  
Diana Lauff ◽  
Silvia Cortizo ◽  
Virginia M C Luquez
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Flooding Tolerance ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability

Abstract Climate change will increase the risk of flooding in several areas of the world where Populus deltoides Marshall (eastern cottonwood) is planted, so it would be desirable for this species to select for flooding tolerance. The aims of this work were to explore the variability in growth, leaf traits and flooding tolerance in an F1 full-sib intraspecific progeny of P. deltoides, to analyze the correlations of leaf and growth traits with flooding tolerance and to assess their suitability for use in breeding programs. Two-month-old parental clones and their progeny of 30 full-sib F1 genotypes were grown in pots and subjected to two treatments: (i) plants watered to field capacity (control) and (ii) plants flooded up to 10 cm above soil level for 35 days. Growth (height, diameter and biomass partition) and leaf traits (leaf size and number, specific leaf area, leaf senescence, abscission, stomatal conductance, carbon isotope discrimination, stomatal index) were measured. Flooding tolerance for each genotype was estimated as the ratio of the biomass of stressed plants to the biomass of control plants. Results showed segregation in terms of flooding tolerance in the F1 progeny. A significant genotype effect was found for leaf size and number, carbon isotopic discrimination and stomatal conductance, but it did not correlate with flooding tolerance. Height, diameter and root-to-shoot ratio had a positive phenotypic correlation with flooding tolerance, and there was a positive genetic correlation of height and diameter with biomass on both treatments. The narrow sense heritability values for the traits analyzed ranged from 0 to 0.56. We conclude that growth traits are more adequate than leaf traits for selection to increase flooding tolerance. A vigorous initial growth would increase flooding tolerance in young poplar plants.

Crown structure and growth efficiency of red spruce in uneven-aged, mixed-species stands in Maine

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1233-1240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A Maguire ◽  
John C Brissette ◽  
Lianhong Gu
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
South Central ◽  
Tree Leaf

Several hypotheses about the relationships among individual tree growth, tree leaf area, and relative tree size or position were tested with red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) growing in uneven-aged, mixed-species forests of south-central Maine, U.S.A. Based on data from 65 sample trees, predictive models were developed to (i)estimate the amount of foliage held by individual trees from sapwood cross-sectional area and (ii)define the relationship between stem volume growth and three variables: total foliage area, relative position in the stand, and the degree of past suppression. A model that included variables representing tree size (or relative social position) and degree of past suppression (live branch whorls per unit crown length) indicated that stem volume growth first increased but later decreased over leaf area when other variables were held constant. Growth efficiency declined with increasing tree leaf area, although greater height and diameter enhanced growth efficiency and greater past suppression diminished growth efficiency. The decline in growth efficiency with greater leaf area likely is attributable to one or several of the factors previously identified as contributing to growth declines in mature, even-aged stands.

scholarly journals Diversity of leaf traits related to productivity in 31 Populus deltoides x Populus nigra clones

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Marron ◽  
M. Villar ◽  
E. Dreyer ◽  
D. Delay ◽  
E. Boudouresque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Populus Nigra

scholarly journals Genetic Variation of Growth Traits and Genotype-by-Environment Interactions in Clones of Catalpa bungei and Catalpa fargesii f. duclouxii

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Xiao ◽  
Wenjun Ma ◽  
Nan Lu ◽  
Zhi Wang ◽  
Nan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
High Stability ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Central China ◽  
Variation Coefficient ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Gge Biplot ◽  
Biplot Analysis ◽  
Catalpa Bungei

Clones of Catalpa bungei and Catalpa fargesii f. duclouxii were studied over several years in central China to explore genetic variation in growth traits and to identify clones of high wood yield and high stability. The genetic parameters for height, diameter at breast height (DBH), and stem volume of clones, were estimated. The effect of clone × year on the increment of stem volume in the two species was analyzed by genotype and genotype × environment (GGE) biplot methods. Significant differences in growth traits among clones and between species were found. The growth of C. bungei exceeded that of C. fargesii f. duclouxii after 4 years. Furthermore, from the 5th year, the repeatability and genetic variation coefficient (GCV) of the C. bungei clones were higher than those of the C. fargesii f. duclouxii clones in most cases. The phenotypic variation coefficient (PCV) of the C. fargesii f. duclouxii clones was significantly lower than that of the C. bungei clones. The repeatability of stem volume was intermediate or high in the two species. ANOVA revealed significant effects of the clone by year interaction in these two species. GGE biplot analysis revealed that wood yield and stability were largely independent in C. bungei; clones 22-03, 19-27, and 20-01 were the optimal clones in this species. In contrast, the optimal clones 63 and 128 of C. fargesii f. duclouxii combined the desired characteristics of high yield and high stability. In conclusion, our results indicated that the height and stem volume of C. bungei was under strong genetic control, whereas that of C. fargesii f. duclouxii was influenced by the environment more than by genetic effects. Genetic improvement by clone selection can be expected to be effective, as the repeatability of stem volume was high. Francis and Kannenberg’s method and GGE biplot analysis were used in combination to evaluate the clones. C. bungei clone 22-03 and C. fargesii f. duclouxii clones 63 and 128 were identified as the optimal clones, which exhibited both a high increment of stem volume and high stability.

CELLULAR BASIS OF HETEROSIS FOR LEAF AREA IN MAIZE

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. PAVLIKOVA ◽  
S. B. ROOD
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Hybrid Vigor ◽  
Incomplete Dominance ◽  
Individual Leaf ◽  
Blade Area ◽  
Complex Inheritance ◽  
Cellular Components

Leaf areas of four maize (Zea mays L.) inbreds and four of their single-cross hybrids were analyzed in terms of numbers of leaves and lengths and widths of individual leaf blades. These lengths and widths were further analyzed in terms of numbers, widths, and lengths of long abaxial epidermal cells which were determined by microscopically examining pyroxylin leaf surface impressions. There was incomplete dominance for increasing leaf number and overdominance for increasing individual leaf blade area. Overdominance for individual leaf area resulted from the complementation of incomplete dominance for increasing cell length and width and overdominance for cell number in the length and width. Thus, both complementation of dominance effects and over-dominance for increased mitotic activity were involved in heterosis for leaf area in maize. The study demonstrates the simplicity of reducing leaf area into its cellular components. This type of leaf area analysis may be useful to breeders attempting to increase the leaf area of maize since it reduces the complex, polygenic trait of leaf area into easily measured components which will display less complex inheritance patterns.Key words: Zea mays L., corn, anatomy, hybrid vigor

scholarly journals Genetic and phenotypic correlations among volume, wood specific gravity and foliar traits in white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss)

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 159-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Pike ◽  
R. A. Montgomery
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Wood Specific Gravity ◽  
Foliar Traits

Abstract White spruce is highly valued by the forest products industry in North America. Through tree improvement efforts, selected genotypes can exceed wild sources by 30% in volume. Negative correlations between growth and wood specific gravity have been established, but differences in leaf morphology between high and low performing genotypes are less well understood. We sampled five trees from each of 30 families at each of two locations in a 25-year old progeny test in Minnesota. One wood core was collected from each tree to sample wood specific gravity (WSG), along with a branch collected from the upper crown to examine foliar traits. We confirmed negative correlations between stem volume and WSG, but several families combined high wood volume with only small reductions in WSG. Leaf area ratio and specific leaf area were positively, genetically correlated with volume growth but not correlated with WSG. Increased growth rates of selected genotypes may be attributed, in part, to shifts in allocation to leaves and in leaf morphology that may optimize light interception.

scholarly journals Morphological and physiological plasticity response to low nitrogen stress in black cottonwood (Populus deltoides Marsh.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cun Chen ◽  
Yanguang Chu ◽  
Qinjun Huang ◽  
Changjun Ding ◽  
Weixi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Nitrogen Level ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Normal Nitrogen ◽  
Low Nitrogen

AbstractIt is important to evaluate nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen tolerance of trees in order to improve their productivity. In this study, both were evaluated for 338 Populus deltoides genotypes from six provenances. The plants were cultured under normal nitrogen (750 μM NH4NO3) and low nitrogen (5 μM NH4NO3) conditions for 3 months. Growth, chlorophyll content and glutamine synthetase activity of each genotype were measured. Under low nitrogen, heights, ground diameter, leaf area, leaf and root biomass, and chlorophyll contents were significantly lower than those under normal nitrogen level. Correlation analysis showed that nutrient distribution changed under different nitrogen treatments. There was a negative correlation between leaf traits and root biomass under normal nitrogen level, however, the correlation became positive in low nitrogen treatment. Moreover, with the decrease of nitrogen level, the negative correlation between leaf morphology and chlorophyll levels became weakened. The growth of the genotypes under the two treatments was evaluated by combining principal component analysis with a fuzzy mathematical membership function; the results showed that leaf traits accounted for a large proportion of the variation in the evaluation model. According to the results of comprehensive evaluation of plants under the two treatments, the 338 P. deltoides genotypes could be divided into nine categories, with wide genotypic diversity in nitrogen use efficiency and low nitrogen tolerance. As a result, 26 N-efficient genotypes and 24 N-inefficient genotypes were selected. By comparative analysis of their morphological and physiological traits under the two treatments, leaf traits could be significant indicators for nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen tolerance, which is of considerable significance for breeding poplar varieties with high nitrogen use efficiencies.

Breeding for improved growth and juvenile corewood stiffness in slash pine

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1886-1893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobo Li ◽  
Dudley A. Huber ◽  
Gregory L. Powell ◽  
Timothy L. White ◽  
Gary F. Peter
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Improvement Programs

The importance of integrating measures of juvenile corewood mechanical properties, modulus of elasticity in particular, with growth and disease resistance in tree improvement programs has increased. We investigated the utility of in-tree velocity stiffness measurements to estimate the genetic control of corewood stiffness and to select for trees with superior growth and stiffness in a progeny trial of 139 families of slash pine, Pinus elliottii Engelm. grown on six sites. Narrow-sense heritability estimates across all six sites for in-tree acoustic velocity stiffness at 8 years (0.42) were higher than observed for height (0.36) and diameter at breast height (DBH) (0.28) at 5 years. The overall type B genetic correlation across sites for velocity stiffness was 0.68, comparable to those found for DBH and volume growth, indicating that family rankings were moderately repeatable across all sites for these traits. No significant genetic correlations were observed between velocity stiffness, DBH, and volume growth. In contrast, a significant, but small, favorable genetic correlation was found between height and velocity stiffness. Twenty percent of the families had positive breeding values for both velocity stiffness and growth. The low cost, high heritability and nearly independent segregation of the genes involved with in-tree velocity stiffness and growth traits indicate that acoustic methods can be integrated into tree improvement programs to breed for improved corewood stiffness along with growth in slash pine.

Bt-Cry3Aa transgene expression reduces insect damage and improves growth in field-grown hybrid poplar

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy L. Klocko ◽  
Richard Meilan ◽  
Rosalind R. James ◽  
Venkatesh Viswanath ◽  
Cathleen Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Insect Damage ◽  
Beetle Damage

The stability and value of transgenic pest resistance for promoting tree growth are poorly understood. These data are essential for determining if such trees could be beneficial to commercial growers in the face of substantial regulatory and marketing costs. We investigated growth and insect resistance in hybrid poplar expressing the cry3Aa transgene in two field trials. An initial screening of 502 trees comprising 51 transgenic gene insertion events in four clonal backgrounds (Populus trichocarpa × Populus deltoides, clones 24-305, 50-197, and 198-434; and P. deltoides × Populus nigra, clone OP-367) resulted in transgenic trees with greatly reduced insect damage. A large-scale study of 402 trees from nine insertion events in clone OP-367, conducted over two growing seasons, demonstrated reduced tree damage and significantly increased volume growth (mean 14%). Quantification of Cry3Aa protein indicated high levels of expression, which continued after 14 years of annual or biannual coppice in a clone bank. With integrated management, the cry3Aa gene appears to be a highly effective tool for protecting against leaf beetle damage and improving yields from poplar plantations.

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