scholarly journals CD4+ T-Lymphocyte Count/CD8+ T-Lymphocyte Count Ratio: Surrogate for HIV Infection in Infants?

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 394-397
Author(s):  
P. G. D. Navaneethapandian ◽  
R. Karunaianantham ◽  
S. Subramanyan ◽  
P. Chinnayan ◽  
P. Chandrasekaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Count Ratio ◽  
Cd8 T Lymphocyte

EFFECT OF IMMUNOMODULATORY HERBAL MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS ON CD4 + LYMPHOCYTE COUNT AND TOTAL VIRAL LOAD IN HIV-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (07) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
S. T. Tharakan ◽  
◽  
G Kuttan ◽  
R. Kuttan ◽  
M. Kesavan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Herbal Formulation ◽  
Hematological Analysis

This study was carried out to determine the effect of herbal medication on the clinical status of HIV infected persons especially on their CD4+ T lymphocyte count and viral load. The toxicity of the medication was also studied. 25 HIV positive individuals were taken for the study. They were treated with a herbal formulation developed in our centre, for one year. Patients were evaluated for their clinical status every month and CD4+ T lymphocyte and viral load every six months. Other parameters assessed were body weight, hematological analysis and hepatic and renal function tests. Body weight was found to be increased in 20 patients out of 25 who have undergone treatment. CD4+T lymphocyte count was increased in 15 patients and viral load was decreased in 20 patients. In six patients viral load was undetectable range. Administration of these medications significantly reduced, elevated interferon-? and tumor necrosis factor in HIV patients. Medication did not produce any toxicity in HIV patients, as it did not show any significant change in hepatic function, renal function and haematology. Administration of herbal preparation was found to reduce clinical symptoms produced by HIV infection. This herbal formulation was found useful therapeutically for the management of HIV infection and did not produce any toxicity.

scholarly journals Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Promotes Human Papillomavirus-Mediated Anal Squamous Carcinogenesis: An Immunologic and Pathobiologic Review

Pathobiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Omar Bushara ◽  
Katrina Krogh ◽  
Samuel Edward Weinberg ◽  
Brian Steven Finkelman ◽  
Leyu Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cd8 T Lymphocyte ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare gastrointestinal malignancy with rising incidence, both in the United States and internationally. The primary risk factor for anal SCC is human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. However, there is a growing burden of disease in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and HPV coinfection, with the incidence of anal SCC significantly increasing in this population. This is particularly true in HIV-infected men. The epidemiologic correlation between HIV-HPV coinfection and anal SCC is established; however, the immunologic mechanisms underlying this relationship are not well understood. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> HIV-related immunosuppression due to low circulating CD4+ T cells is one component of increased risk, but other mechanisms, such as the effect of HIV on CD8+ T lymphocyte tumor infiltration and the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in antitumor and antiviral response, is emerging as significant contributors. The goal of this article is to review existing research on HIV-HPV coinfected anal SCC and precancerous lesions, propose explanations for the detrimental synergy of HIV and HPV on the pathogenesis and immunologic response to HPV-associated cancers, and discuss implications for future treatments and immunotherapies in HIV-positive patients with HPV-mediated anal SCC. <b><i>Key Messages:</i></b> The incidence of anal squamous cell carcinoma is increased in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, even in patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy. Locoregional HIV infection may enhance human papillomavirus oncogenicity. Chronic inflammation due to HIV infection may contribute to CD8+ T lymphocyte exhaustion by upregulating PD-1 expression, thereby blunting cytotoxic antitumor response.

scholarly journals Assessment of HIV disease progression before and after initiation of anti­retroviral therapy by CD4 & CD8 T-lymphocyte count and viral load assay

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Sahina Tabassum ◽  
S.M. Rashed-ul Islam ◽  
Afzalun Nessa ◽  
Munira Jahan ◽  
Saif Ullah Munshi
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Art Initiation ◽  
Cd8 T Lymphocyte ◽  
Virological Outcome ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean

<p><strong>Backgrounds:</strong> As there is no published data regarding the response to Anti-retroviral therapy (ART) among HIV patients from Bangladesh. The present study was designed to determine the immunological and virological responses of HIV infected Bangladeshi adults starting ART. Objectives: To monitor the changes of CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocyte count and Viral load (VL) before and after three and six months of starting ART.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> 20 symptomatic HIV infected patients with CD4 T-lymphocyte count of &lt;350 cells/µ] of blood were initiated ART.CD4 and CDS T-lymphocyte counts were estimated by Flowcytometer and VL was dete1mined by real-time PCR technique.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The mean CD4 T-lymphocyte count among the sn1dy patients were 177±127 cells/µl before initiation of ART. After ART initiation, their mean CD4 count increased significantly to 368±181 and 452±183 cellshll after three and six months respectively (P&lt;0.0001).The mean CDS T-lymphocyte counts were 901±650 cells/µ! before initiation of ART, which increased to I 085±393 and 1121±372 cells/µl after three and six months respectively after ART initiation (P&gt;0.05). Before ART initiation, the mean VL was 5.25±1.19 log10 (copies/ml) among the study population which became undetectable in 15 (75%) patients after three months of ART and in another 2 (10%) patients after 6 months of ART initiation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Our study concluded that, ART is effective in slowing the progression of HIV infection to AIDS with good immunological and virological outcome among the ART initiators.</p>

scholarly journals Response to First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy Among PLHIV from a High-Risk, Low-Prevalence Setting

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 232595821986732
Author(s):  
Shahria Mohammad Rashed Ul Islam ◽  
Munira Jahan ◽  
Afzalun Nessa ◽  
Shahina Tabassum
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
First Line ◽  
Cd8 T Lymphocyte ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Living With Hiv

The study reports the response of first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) by assessing CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocyte and viral load (VL) among Bangladeshi people living with HIV (PLHIV). This observational approach was conducted on 100 PLHIVs, grouped into therapy naive (n = 33), therapy initiators with CD4 T-cell count of <350 cells/µL (n = 33), and therapy receivers for >1 year prior to the study period (n = 34). Therapy initiators who continued the study (n = 20) were followed up after 12 and 24 weeks of therapy initiation. The CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocyte count estimation and (VL) were quantified. The mean CD4 T-lymphocyte count was significantly reduced among the therapy initiators in comparison to therapy naive and therapy receivers. Similar findings were observed for CD8 T-lymphocyte count among the study groups. The mean HIV-1 RNA VL among therapy initiators showed a significant decrease after 12 and 24 weeks, and 85% patients in this group obtained undetectable VL status indicating the good therapeutic outcome.

HIV infection presenting proliferation of CD8+ T lymphocyte and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 411-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Usman ◽  
Sudeep D Thapa ◽  
Hiba Hadid ◽  
Lenar T Yessayan
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis ◽  
Cd8 T Lymphocyte

Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection of CD4+CD8+T Cells in a Macaque with an Unusually High Peripheral CD4+CD8+T Lymphocyte Count

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Khatissian ◽  
Valérie Monceaux ◽  
Marie-Christine Cumont ◽  
Raphaël Ho Tsong Fang ◽  
Jérôme Estaquier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection ◽  
Cd8 T Lymphocyte ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

scholarly journals Correlation of High Interleukin 17A and Interleukin 6 Levels with High Virus Load Among Subtype C HIV-infected, Antiretroviral Therapy-naive Zimbabwean Patients: A Cross-sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Tommy Mlambo ◽  
Mqondisi Tshabalala ◽  
Tsitsi Bandason ◽  
Kudakwashe Mhandire ◽  
Bonface Mudenge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Subtype C ◽  
Cd8 T Lymphocytes ◽  
Cd8 T Lymphocyte ◽  
Cytokine Levels

Introduction: In response to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, activated immune cells produce several cytokines that alter the immune response and HIV disease progression. We quantified Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines in an antiretroviral therapy naïve (ART) cohort to investigate their correlation with traditional markers of HIV disease progression; CD4+ T-lymphocytes and virus load (VL). Methods: We enrolled 247 HIV-infected ART-naïve participants into the study. CD4+ T- and CD8+ T-lymphocytes were enumerated using flow cytometry. VL was quantified using the Cavidi ExaVirTM Load assay. IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, TNF-α, and IFN-γ levels were quantified using the BD Cytometric Bead Array Human Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokine assay. The Kendall’s rank correlation coefficient was used to determine the correlation between log10 transformed data for cytokine levels and CD4+ T- and CD8+ T-lymphocytes, CD4/CD8 ratio, and VL. Results: The median CD4+ T- and CD8+ T-lymphocyte counts were 458 cells/µL (IQR:405-556) and 776 cells/µL (IQR:581-1064), respectively. The median CD4/CD8 ratio was 0.6 (IQR: 0.45-0.86). The median VL was log103.3.copies/mL (IQR:2.74-3.93). Low CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts (p=0.010) and CD4/CD8 ratio (p=0.044) were significantly correlated with high VL. There was no significant correlation of cytokine levels with CD4+ T-, CD8+ T-lymphocyte counts and CD4/CD8 ratio. However, high levels of IL-17A (p=0.012) and IL-6 (p=0.034) were significantly correlated with high VL. Conclusion: Our study contributes to the little knowledge available on the role of cytokine profiles in the immune response to subtype C HIV infection.

CD4 T-Lymphocyte Percentages Corresponding to CD4 T-Lymphocyte Count Thresholds in a New Staging System for HIV Infection

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. e92-e94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Selik ◽  
Kelly A. Gebo ◽  
Craig B. Borkowf ◽  
Suzanne K. Whitmore ◽  
Lorena Espinoza
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Staging System
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