HIV infection presenting proliferation of CD8+ T lymphocyte and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis

Background: Anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare gastrointestinal malignancy with rising incidence, both in the United States and internationally. The primary risk factor for anal SCC is human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. However, there is a growing burden of disease in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and HPV coinfection, with the incidence of anal SCC significantly increasing in this population. This is particularly true in HIV-infected men. The epidemiologic correlation between HIV-HPV coinfection and anal SCC is established; however, the immunologic mechanisms underlying this relationship are not well understood. Summary: HIV-related immunosuppression due to low circulating CD4+ T cells is one component of increased risk, but other mechanisms, such as the effect of HIV on CD8+ T lymphocyte tumor infiltration and the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in antitumor and antiviral response, is emerging as significant contributors. The goal of this article is to review existing research on HIV-HPV coinfected anal SCC and precancerous lesions, propose explanations for the detrimental synergy of HIV and HPV on the pathogenesis and immunologic response to HPV-associated cancers, and discuss implications for future treatments and immunotherapies in HIV-positive patients with HPV-mediated anal SCC. Key Messages: The incidence of anal squamous cell carcinoma is increased in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, even in patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy. Locoregional HIV infection may enhance human papillomavirus oncogenicity. Chronic inflammation due to HIV infection may contribute to CD8+ T lymphocyte exhaustion by upregulating PD-1 expression, thereby blunting cytotoxic antitumor response.

Download Full-text

Correlation of High Interleukin 17A and Interleukin 6 Levels with High Virus Load Among Subtype C HIV-infected, Antiretroviral Therapy-naive Zimbabwean Patients: A Cross-sectional Study

The Open AIDS Journal ◽

10.2174/1874613601913010059 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 59-64

Author(s):

Tommy Mlambo ◽

Mqondisi Tshabalala ◽

Tsitsi Bandason ◽

Kudakwashe Mhandire ◽

Bonface Mudenge ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

T Lymphocytes ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

T Lymphocyte ◽

Hiv Disease ◽

Subtype C ◽

Cd8 T Lymphocytes ◽

Cd8 T Lymphocyte ◽

Cytokine Levels

Introduction: In response to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, activated immune cells produce several cytokines that alter the immune response and HIV disease progression. We quantified Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines in an antiretroviral therapy naïve (ART) cohort to investigate their correlation with traditional markers of HIV disease progression; CD4+ T-lymphocytes and virus load (VL). Methods: We enrolled 247 HIV-infected ART-naïve participants into the study. CD4+ T- and CD8+ T-lymphocytes were enumerated using flow cytometry. VL was quantified using the Cavidi ExaVirTM Load assay. IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, TNF-α, and IFN-γ levels were quantified using the BD Cytometric Bead Array Human Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokine assay. The Kendall’s rank correlation coefficient was used to determine the correlation between log10 transformed data for cytokine levels and CD4+ T- and CD8+ T-lymphocytes, CD4/CD8 ratio, and VL. Results: The median CD4+ T- and CD8+ T-lymphocyte counts were 458 cells/µL (IQR:405-556) and 776 cells/µL (IQR:581-1064), respectively. The median CD4/CD8 ratio was 0.6 (IQR: 0.45-0.86). The median VL was log103.3.copies/mL (IQR:2.74-3.93). Low CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts (p=0.010) and CD4/CD8 ratio (p=0.044) were significantly correlated with high VL. There was no significant correlation of cytokine levels with CD4+ T-, CD8+ T-lymphocyte counts and CD4/CD8 ratio. However, high levels of IL-17A (p=0.012) and IL-6 (p=0.034) were significantly correlated with high VL. Conclusion: Our study contributes to the little knowledge available on the role of cytokine profiles in the immune response to subtype C HIV infection.

Download Full-text

CD8 T lymphocyte subset markers and HIV infection

Clinical & Experimental Immunology ◽

10.1111/j.1365-2249.1992.tb05850.x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 90 (3) ◽

pp. 355-356 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A. G. BIRD ◽

K. C. WATRET

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

T Lymphocyte ◽

Lymphocyte Subset ◽

Cd8 T Lymphocyte ◽

T Lymphocyte Subset

Download Full-text

CD4+ and CD8+ T Lymphocyte Activation in HIV Infection

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - Cell Activation and Apoptosis in HIV Infection ◽

10.1007/978-1-4615-1995-9_1 ◽

1995 ◽

pp. 1-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jeffrey Laurence

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

T Lymphocyte ◽

Lymphocyte Activation ◽

T Lymphocyte Activation ◽

Cd8 T Lymphocyte

Download Full-text

Clinical and immunological features of psoriasis vulgaris in HIV-infected patients

Medical Council ◽

10.21518/2079-701x-2021-21-2-94-101 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 94-101

Author(s):

E. Yu. Evdokimov ◽

Zh. B. Ponezheva ◽

E. V. Svechnikova ◽

A. V. Sundukov

Keyword(s):

T Lymphocytes ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Clinical Features ◽

T Lymphocyte ◽

Psoriasis Vulgaris ◽

Immune Status ◽

Clinical Stage ◽

Psoriatic Plaque ◽

Cd8 T Lymphocyte ◽

Hiv Negative

Introduction. Psoriasis is an inflammatory dermatosis, which has characteristic clinical features and is closely associated with immunological changes in the skin. HIV-infected patients suffering from psoriasis have immunological features associated with the effect of HIV virus on CD4+T-lymphocytes.Aim. To identify clinical features of psoriasis in HIV-infected patients depending on the stage of HIV infection and immune status.Materials and methods. An open prospective study (2014–2018) included 143 patients with psoriasis vulgaris, of which 79 (55.2%) were infected with HIV and 64 (44.8%) were not infected with HIV. The groups were comparable in terms of age and gender. The diagnosis of psoriasis vulgaris was established with due account for its clinical presentation and histologically confirmed in 29 (20.3%) patients, of which 17 (58.6%) were infected with HIV and 12 (41.4%) were not infected with HIV. In a biopsy, tissue samples were taken from the areas of inflammatory and healthy skin in each patient. Numbers of CD4+ and CD8+T-lymphocytes in the biopsy samples obtained were calculated using immunohistochemical staining of biopsy. The severity of psoriasis progress was assessed using the psoriasis lesions severity index, taking into account the body surface area covered by lesions, the intensity of erythema, infiltration and sloughing of skin. In the course of the study, the patients had general clinical examinations performed, their HIV infection confirmed or denied, their immune status assessed, and their clinical stage of HIV infection determined.Results and discussion. Mild psoriasis was less often identified, and moderately severe and severe psoriasis was more often observed in HIV-infected patients as compared to HIV-negative patients. The psoriatic plaque CD8+T-lymphocyte counts in HIV-infected patients grew with increasing immunosuppression and clinical stage of HIV infection; these changes were not observed in HIV-negative patients.Сonclusion. HIV-infected patients often have moderately severe (39.2%) and severe (22.8%) psoriasis vulgaris. The psoriatic plaque CD8+T-lymphocyte counts in HIV-infected patients predominate over the CD4+T-lymphocyte counts, while the HIV-negative patients show the opposite test results.

Download Full-text

PROTEIN 24 HIV DAN LIMFOSIT T-CD4+ DI INFEKSI HIV TAHAP I

INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY ◽

10.24293/ijcpml.v21i3.740 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 273

Author(s):

I Made Sila Darmana ◽

Endang Retnowati ◽

Erwin Astha Triyono

Keyword(s):

T Lymphocytes ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

T Lymphocyte ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Stage I ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Protein Levels ◽

P24 Protein ◽

Persistent Generalized Lymphadenopathy ◽

Spearman Test

Measuring HIV p24 protein is a test which is more practical than determination of CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts and viral load, as it does not require a very sophisticated instrument and requires a lower cost. Independent predictive value of p24 to the decline of CD4+ T-lymphocytes, clinical progression and survival in HIV-infected patients have been reported. In this study, HIV-infected patients were found to have HIV p24 protein levels inversely proportional to CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts by using Spearman test (R2=0.225; p=0.0331). Studies on the correlation between HIV p24 protein levels and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts in stage I HIV infection have not yet been reported. The aim of this study was to prove the correlation between HIV p24 protein levels and CD4+ T-lymphocytes in stage I HIV infection. Research issue was whether a correlation between HIV p24 protein levels and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts in stage I HIVinfection existed ? The hypothesis was that a correlation between HIV p24 protein levels and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts in stage I HIV infection existed. The study design was cross sectional observational. Subjects consisted of 30 stage I HIV-infected patients treated at the Infectious Disease Intermediate Care Unit, Dr. Soetomo Hospital and VCT Clinic of the Dr. Ramelan Naval Hospital, Surabaya from May to July 2014. Stage I HIV infection is an asymptomatic HIV infection or with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy and the patient is able to perform normal activities. Levels of p24 were measured by ELISA method and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts using flowcytometry(BD FACSCaliburTM). The results were statistically analyzed using Pearson’s correlation test. HIV p24 protein levels in stage I of HIV infection ranged from 1.8 to 10.8 pg/mL, mean of 5.14 pg/mL and a standard deviation of 2.08 pg/mL. CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts decreased with a range of 49-559 cells /uL for absolute values and 4.42–26.02% for percentage values Correlations between blood p24 levels and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts either absolute (r=–0.392, p=0.032) or percentage (r=–0.363, p=0.049) were found. In stage I HIV-infected patients, a negative correlation was found between p24 levels and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts, in both CD4+T-lymphocyte counts as absolute and as well as percentage values. This negative correlation showed that the p24 HIV levels were inversely proportional to the CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts. HIV p24 protein levels have a possibility to be used predicting CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts

Download Full-text