Independent Epidemic Patterns of HIV-1 CRF01_AE Lineages Driven by Mobile Population in Shenzhen, an Immigrant city of China
Abstract Shenzhen, a city with > 12 million migrant population, may play a key role in the spread of HIV-1 in China. The transmission dynamics of CRF01_AE, a predominant subtype in Shenzhen, is a good model to characterize the impact of human mobility on HIV-1 epidemic locally and nationally. We used phylodynamic and phylogeographic methods to estimate the viral transmission dynamics and migration trajectory of variable lineages based on 1,423 CRF01_AE sequences in Shenzhen sampled between 2006 and 2015. Eleven lineages of CRF01_AE were detected in Shenzhen. Of those, four main lineages originated during the 1990s. The basic viral reproduction number (R0) of them ranged 1.96-3.92. The effective viral reproduction number (Re) of two lineages prevalent among heterosexuals/people who inject drugs had reduced < 1 at the end of sampling, and the main sources were the intra-provincial immigrants (72%) for one and local residents of Shenzhen (91%) for another. Within two lineages among MSM, Re had been above or close to 1 at the end of sampling, and the immigrants from Jiangxi/Shaanxi and Hubei as sources accounted for 93% and 68% of all viral migration events, respectively. Moreover, no obvious recipients were found throughout the viral migration history for any lineage. Our findings demonstrate that HIV declining epidemic in Shenzhen coincided with the initiation of the interventions during the 2000s. However, the obvious differences of the epidemic patterns between lineages emphasize the importance of further targeting interventions and continued molecular tracing, focusing on high-risk transmission sources among MSM.