The Ethics of Defense and Private Security Contracting

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Private Security ◽  
Private Firms ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Military Operations

What is “defense and security contracting”? This simple phrase refers to an enormous diversity of private commercial enterprises that support military operations. They can be either combat-related or not. Typically, national defense departments have hired private firms to do work in three broad areas:...

scholarly journals Challenges and Opportunities of the Network-Centric Warfare on the National Defense System of Romania

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Mihai-Marcel Neag ◽  
George Mogoş
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Dynamic Information ◽  
Basic Premise ◽  
The Third ◽  
Technical Potential ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe article discusses the network-centric warfare, presenting it as a new concept designed for fighting future wars and all types of conflicts with a predominance of technology as opposed to the traditional personnel, logistics and tactics elements matrix. It is, indeed, worthy of further investigation, research and development, and testing because its technical potential is very promising and novel. The basic premise of this type of warfare is, in our opinion, that it is a totally new and evolved way of conducting a vast area of military operations and that the practices of the past are somewhat irrelevant and inefficient. Network-Centric Warfare concept represents the third generation of combat development and therefore, the future of warfare in general. The actual combat platform itself represents the first generation; the linking and automation of the individual platforms into a command and control (C2) system constitutes the second generation; the third, network-centric warfare, is catalogued as a system of systems dynamically connected with distributed and dynamic information processing.

The Involvement of Private Security Companies in Multinational Military Operations

2019 ◽  
pp. 406-423
Author(s):  
Hin-Yan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Legal Framework ◽  
Private Security ◽  
Soft Law ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Territorial State ◽  
Home State ◽  
Private Security Companies ◽  
Private Military Companies ◽  
Legal Complexity ◽  
Security Companies

The chapter examines the involvement of private security companies in multinational military operations. It is quite common that various tasks that are relevant to a mission’s mandate are ‘outsourced’ to private military companies and security providers. This involvement of private security providers further adds to the (legal) complexity of the mission because it brings in the legal dimension of the contracting state, the home state, and the territorial state, as well as an additional private actor. The specific focus of this chapter is on the question of how rules (and soft-law standards) applicable to private security providers interact with the legal framework and rules applicable to the mission as a whole.

scholarly journals Beck and beyond: selling security in the world risk society

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 349-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELKE KRAHMANN
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Private Security ◽  
Risk Society ◽  
Private Firms ◽  
Security Industry ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Private Security Industry ◽  
Unknown Unknown

AbstractExpanding on the works of Beck and others on the growing business of risk, this article examines the role of the private security industry in the creation, management and perpetuation of the world risk society. It observes that the replacement of the concept of security with risk over the past decades has permitted private firms to identify a growing range of unknown and unknown-unknown dangers which cannot be eliminated, but require permanent risk management. Using the discourse of risk and its strategies of commercialised, individualised and reactive risk management, the private risk industry thus has contributed to the rise of a world risk society in which the demand for security can never be satisfied and guarantees continuous profits.

New Economic Statecraft: Industrial Policy in an Era of Strategic Competition

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (02) ◽  
pp. 2040006 ◽  
Author(s):  
VINOD K. AGGARWAL ◽  
ANDREW W. REDDIE
Keyword(s):  
International Political Economy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Security Studies ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Gray Zone ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Security Environment ◽  
Strategic Competition ◽  
Economic Statecraft

The 2018 U.S. National Defense Strategy notes that the United States faces “an increasingly complex global security environment, characterized by overt challenges to the free and open international order and the re-emergence of long-term, strategic competition between nations.” In the ensuing months, much has been made of the security-related aspects of this return to great power competition — including Donald Trump’s role in the decline of the existing arms control architecture, responses to Russia’s annexation of Ukraine, and China’s use of subconventional — or “gray zone” — military operations in the South China Sea. What this analysis tends to miss, however, are the economic dimensions of strategic competition. To address the question of how insights from international political economy and security studies can be usefully combined to examine strategic competition, we examine how economic statecraft increasingly takes the form of economic policy beyond sanctions regimes. We argue that economic statecraft has become an increasingly central aspect of geostrategic consideration and consider how economic statecraft is being transformed in the current era.

scholarly journals Optimization of Sea Defense Strategy Through Operation of the Hospital Auxiliary Vessel to Support National Defense

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Setyawan Widiarto ◽  
◽  
Sudibyo Sudibyo ◽  
Lukman Yudho Prakoso ◽  
Suhirwan Suhirwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operating Time ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Strategy Development ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Defense Strategy ◽  
Material Transportation ◽  
Operations Other Than War ◽  
The Military

The dynamics of the strategic environment at the global, regional and national levels give rise to various types of threats, both military and non-military threats, encouraging to optimize the Indonesian Sea Defense Strategy (SDS) which has the characteristics of an archipelagic country. In accordance with peaceful conditions, the optimization of SDS is more appropriate if it is directed at the military operations other than war, which in this study focuses on the operation of Hospital Auxiliary Vessel (HAV). There were problems related to the ineffective HAV operation, because it was used for material transportation and border operations. Its operation doesn’t provide public health services in isolated, frontier and outermost areas. The purpose of this study is to analyze and explain the implementation and to formulate strategies to optimize SDS through the operation of HAV in order to support national defense. The research used is descriptive qualitative with a phenomenological approach. The data were obtained from interviews at the Ministry of Defense, Ministry of Health and Indonesian Navy Headquarters. The results of the studied that SDS through the operation of HAV was implemented quite well, but the operating time often exceeded the initial plan due to the limited number of HAV and their crew. The conclusion from this research is necessary for optimization of SDS which is emphasized on the Sea Control Strategy in accordance with the strategy development on the ends, ways and means components.

The influence of US international military campaigns on the adoption of Goldwater-Nichols act and its consequences

2017 ◽  
pp. 110-117
Author(s):  
Oksana Manchulenko
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Joint Chiefs Of Staff ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Joint Forces ◽  
National Defense University ◽  
The Us ◽  
Chain Of Command ◽  
Military Campaigns

The Goldwater Nichols Act of 1986 was the most comprehensive and important defense reorganization legislation since its initial establishment in 1947. It has administrated the way the United States has organized, planned, and conducted military operations for the last thirty years. Despite this, a strong opposition movement organized primarily by Navy Secretary John F. Lehman, almost endangred the adoption of the mentioned above law. This opposition also included members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, prominent Senators and Congressman, and Secretary of Defense Casper Weinberger. A ten year retrospective of the Act’s passage at the National Defense University (NDU) in 1999 detailed its six most significant achievements. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, as an individual, was designated the principal military advisor to the President and other senior officials. The Chairman was assigned new responsibilities in the areas of strategic planning, logistics, net assessments, joint doctrine, and joint programs and budgets. A Vice Chairman position, outranking the other chiefs was created to assist the Chairman and act as the Chairman in his or her absence. The Joint Staff was expanded beyond 400 members and placed directly under the control of the Chairman. The power and influence of the deployed unified commanders was also increased by providing them authority over subordinate commands in their areas of responsibility, especially regarding joint training, force organization, and force employment. Finally, the Joint Specialty Officer program was mandated. This program was designed to ensure the services assigned some of their highest quality officers to joint duty.”1 Nearly all in attendance at the 1999 NDU event concluded that passage of the legislation was a universal good. The subject of the article is the influence of international US military campaigns on the adoption of Goldwater-Nichols Act. This article tends to examine the background which led to the adoption of Goldwater Nichols Act, the opposition of the Marines and Navy against the aforementioned Act. The goal is to analyze the main changes brought in by the Goldwater-Nichols Act and their impact on the development of the US military. The phenomena concern “Joint Forces” and the increase of effective cooperation between the departments. The key provisions, which strengthened the position of the Secretary of Defense and outlined its role in the chain of command, will be evaluated. Keywords: Goldwater-Nichols Act, reorganization, conflict, Joint Chiefs of Staff, Department of Defense, unified commanders

scholarly journals Optimization of Sea Defense Strategy Through Operation of the Hospital Auxiliary Vessel to Support National Defense

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Setyawan Widiarto ◽  
Sudibyo ◽  
Lukman Yudho Prakoso ◽  
Suhirwan ◽  
Edi Suhardono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operating Time ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Strategy Development ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Defense Strategy ◽  
Material Transportation ◽  
Operations Other Than War ◽  
The Military

The dynamics of the strategic environment at the global, regional and national levels give rise to various types of threats, both military and non-military threats, encouraging to optimize the Indonesian Sea Defense Strategy (SDS) which has the characteristics of an archipelagic country. In accordance with peaceful conditions, the optimization of SDS is more appropriate if it is directed at the military operations other than war, which in this study focuses on the operation of Hospital Auxiliary Vessel (HAV). There were problems related to the ineffective HAV operation, because it was used for material transportation and border operations. Its operation doesn’t provide public health services in isolated, frontier and outermost areas. The purpose of this study is to analyze and explain the implementation and to formulate strategies to optimize SDS through the operation of HAV in order to support national defense. The research used is descriptive qualitative with a phenomenological approach. The data were obtained from interviews at the Ministry of Defense, Ministry of Health and Indonesian Navy Headquarters. The results of the studied that SDS through the operation of HAV was implemented quite well, but the operating time often exceeded the initial plan due to the limited number of HAV and their crew. The conclusion from this research is necessary for optimization of SDS which is emphasized on the Sea Control Strategy in accordance with the strategy development on the ends, ways and means components.

scholarly journals The US Militarys Department Store - The Military Exchanges: Should They Be Replaced By Commercial Retailers?

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
Michael P. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Department Of Defense ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Exchange Program ◽  
Military Members ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Government ◽  
Competitive Prices ◽  
The Military ◽  
Competitive Pricing

The mission of the military exchange program is to (1) provide quality merchandise to military members and their families worldwide at competitive prices, and (2) generate income to support military morale, welfare, and recreation (MWR) programs. In overseas locations the military exchanges provide military members and their families with familiar competitively-priced, top-quality American products and services, priced in US dollars. The military exchanges are agencies of the US Department of Defense (DOD). The exchanges are tax free stores. This tax advantage, in concert with the exchanges competitive pricing, helps make the products and services offered affordable for military members on their all-too-often meager salaries. Profits from the military exchanges are channeled to MWR programs benefiting military personnel and their families worldwide. However, could and should military exchange functions be contracted to commercial businesses that are actually in the business of retail? The purpose of DOD is national defense, not retail sales and the related logistics. While the original need for establishing a military-operated exchange program was valid many years ago when the commercial sector was not capable supporting worldwide military operations and operating locations, is that still the case? Could a negotiated contract with a major commercial retailer provide service members and their families with better products, at better prices, and with better service, all at reduced cost to the US government, hence reduced cost the US taxpayers?

Impact of skin diseases on military operations

1969 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 702-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Sulzberger
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Military Operations
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