scholarly journals Ponderosa Pine Growth Response to Soil Strength in the Volcanic Ash Soils of Central Oregon

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert T. Parker ◽  
Douglas A. Maguire ◽  
David D. Marshall ◽  
Pat Cochran
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Soil Strength ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Volcanic Ash Soils

Abstract Mechanical harvesting and associated logging activities have the capacity to compact soil across large portions of harvest units, but the influences of compaction on long-term site productivity are not well understood. Previous research in central Oregon has shown that volcanic ash soils compact readily under both compression and vibration loads, resulting in long-term alteration in soil density and a decline in tree growth. In this study, soil strength (SS) and tree growth were assessed in areas subject to repeated timber harvesting with the objective of quantifying the relationship between ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) growth and SS. Two thinning treatments (felled only versus felled and skidded) in 70- to 80-year-old ponderosa pine stands were replicated at three sites in 1991. Subsequent 5-year growth in diameter, height, and volume of residual trees were assessed with respect to SS measured by a recording penetrometer. Felled and skidded plots had 44% higher SS values than felled-only plots (P = 0.05). Although no treatment effect on growth was detected at the plot level, diameter, height, and volume growth of individual trees within plots declined significantly as average SS within a 30-ft zone of influence increased from approximately 800 to 2,500 kPa. Results show the potential use of SS measurements for monitoring impacts of harvesting operations on tree growth.

scholarly journals Monitoring Soil Strength Conditions Resulting from Mechanical Harvesting in Volcanic Ash Soils of Central Oregon

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert T. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Soil Strength ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Monitoring Process ◽  
Second Growth

Abstract The volcanic ash-derived soils in central Oregon have been shown to compact readily and remain compacted for long periods of time, leading to significant reductions in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa, Laws) tree growth. Concerns over the potential for long-term reduction in forest site productivity on private forestlands in the region led to the development of a soil monitoring process for precisely quantifying changes to the soil environment caused by mechanical harvesting in second-growth ponderosa pine stands. For this study, soil strength was used as an indicator for soil compaction. A recording penetrometer was used to measure soil strength to a depth of 2 ft at intervals of 5 ft along transects established across harvest units. At each sampling point, the number of machine passes was estimated as no disturbance, 1–2 machine passes, 3–5 machine passes, or main skid trails. The penetrometer data were then summarized for each of the four categories. The results show a rapid rise in soil strength with increasing machine activity and 40–70% of the harvest units compacted in a single harvest cycle. The process proved to be an unbiased and practical system for quantifying the extent and intensity of soil strength conditions resulting from mechanical harvesting.

scholarly journals Root Volume and Growth of Ponderosa Pine and Douglas-Fir Seedlings: A Summary of Eight Growing Seasons

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rose ◽  
D. L. Haase ◽  
F. Kroiher ◽  
T. Sabin
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Coast Range ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Early Results

Abstract This is the final summary of two studies on the relationship between root volume and seedling growth; early results were published previously. Survival, growth, and stem volume were determined for 2+0 ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings after 8 growing seasons. For each species, seedlings from three seedlots were assigned to one of three root-volume categories [<4.5 cm3 (RV1), 4.5-7 cm3 (RV2), and >7 cm3 (RV3) for ponderosa pine; <9 cm3 (RV1), 9-13 cm3 (RV2), and >13 cm3 (RV3) for Douglas-fir]. On a dry harsh ponderosa pine site on the eastern slopes of Mt. Hood in Oregon, where gopher and cattle damage decreased the number of seedlings, more seedlings in the highest root-volume category survived (70%) than in the smaller root-volume categories (62% and 50%). Douglas-fir on a good site in the Coast Range of Oregon showed significantly greater height and stem volume for the largest root-volume category, whereas annual shoot growth and survival did not differ. Root volume is one of several potentially useful criteria for predicting long-term growth and survival after outplanting. West. J. Appl. For. 12(3):69-73.

scholarly journals The Effects of Repeated Prescribed Burning on Pinus ponderosa Growth

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
DL Peterson ◽  
SS Sackett ◽  
LJ Robinson ◽  
SM Haase
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Fuel Reduction ◽  
Acid Growth ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Hazard Reduction ◽  
Northern Arizona

The effect of repeated prescribed burning on long term growth of Pinus ponderosa in northern Arizona was examined. Fire treatments for hazard reduction were initiated in 1976, acid growth was evaluated in 1988 for fire rotations of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 years. Dendroecological analysis shows that there were only small changes in tree growth (compared to controls) in the first few years after the initial fire treatment despite large fuel reductions and thinning, and that annual precipitation was positively correlated with growth. Moderate changes in growth relative to that of control trees were apparent after 1984. The 1-, 2-, 8-, and 10-year treatments had lower growth than controls after this date, while 4- and 6-year treatments had slightly higher growth. Although additional data are needed to determine long term growth effects in the longer fire rotations, a fire treatment interval of 4 to 6 years appears to provide adequate fuel reduction without reducing long term growth in Southwestern P. ponderosa forests.

scholarly journals Improving Economic Management Decisions in Forestry with the SorSim Assortment Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-83
Author(s):  
Renato Lemm ◽  
Clemens Blattert ◽  
Stefan Holm ◽  
Leo Bont ◽  
Oliver Thees
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Timber Harvest ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Practical Advantage ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Forest Enterprises ◽  
Individual Trees

The sustainable supply of timber is one of the most important forest ecosystem services and a decisive factor determining the long-term profitability of forest enterprises. If timber production is to be economically viable, there must always be a way to analyse forest stands and trees felled for exploitation with regard to the wood assortments they contain. Only then can the expected timber yields, achieved by various silvicultural strategies or actions and different sorting options, be quantified with sufficient accuracy. The SorSim assortment simulator was developed for forest practitioners and forest scientists in Switzerland to realistically simulate the sorting of individual trees and entire forest stands based on defined specifications. SorSim has a simple user interface and comes in a number of different language versions (G, E, F). The software is implemented in Java, making it platform-independent. It can be downloaded for free at (https://www.wsl.ch/en/projects/sortimentsimulator-sorsim.html). This article provides an overview of how the simulator works and demonstrates its potential applications based on a practical and a scientific example. A particular practical advantage is that the composition of the assortments of the planned harvests can be estimated according to quantity and value. When used in strategic planning and especially in research, SorSim provides a basis for analysing either long-term developments in yields from forest stands or silvicultural treatment methods. Based on an even-aged and a selection forest stand, the scientific example shows how strongly the assessment of the advantageousness of two different silvicultural strategies depends on the time when the calculation was made (using historical and current assortment revenues and timber harvesting costs). In particular, the combination of SorSim with timber harvest productivity models enables differentiated forest economic insights. Various approaches for value-based optimisation in the sorting of individual trees and for the optimal allocation of harvesting activities to defined customer demands are currently being examined as further SorSim developments.

scholarly journals Growth Response of Pinus ponderosa following a Mixed-Severity Wildfire in the Black Hills, South Dakota

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara L. Keyser ◽  
Frederick W. Smith ◽  
Wayne D. Shepperd
Keyword(s):  
South Dakota ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Black Hills ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Moderate Severity

Abstract In late summer 2000 the Jasper Fire burned ∼34,000 ha of ponderosa pine forest in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Although regarded as a catastrophic event, the Jasper Fire left a mosaic of fire severity across the landscape, with live trees present in areas burned under low andmoderate fire severity. In October 2005, we cored 96 trees from unburned, low-severity, and moderate-severity stands and assessed whether tree growth differed among fire severity classes during the 5 years postfire. We observed no differences in basal area increment (BAI) 10 years prefireamong fire severities with BAI averaging 9.6 cm2 per year. Despite severe drought conditions, BAI in moderate severity sites 2 years postfire was 58% greater than in unburned and low-severity stands. Although significant, this growth increase was short-lived. Three, 4, and 5 yearspostfire, no differences in growth among unburned, low-severity, and moderate-severity sites were detected, as BAI averaged 8.3, 7.5, and 7.0 cm2, respectively. The lack of a consistent and prolonged growth response suggests that the Jasper Fire did not result in any short-termchanges in growth patterns. Data extending beyond 5 years postfire are required to infer potential long-term changes in tree growth and productivity.

Prediction of delayed mortality of fire-damaged ponderosa pine following prescribed fires in eastern Oregon, USA

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter G. Thies ◽  
Douglas J. Westlind ◽  
Mark Loewen ◽  
Greg Brenner
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Full Model ◽  
Prescribed Burns ◽  
Blue Mountains ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Individual Trees

Prescribed burning is a management tool used to reduce fuel loads in western interior forests. Following a burn, managers need the ability to predict the mortality of individual trees based on easily observed characteristics. Astudy was established in six stands of mixed-age ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) with scattered western junipers at the south end of the Blue Mountains near Burns, Oregon, USA. Stands were thinned in either 1994 or 1995. Three treatments, a fall burn, a spring burn, and an unburned control, were randomly assigned to 12-ha experimental units within each stand. Prescribed burns occurred during mid-October of 1997 or mid-June of 1998 and were representative of operational burns, given weather and fuel conditions. Within each experimental unit, six 0.2-ha plots were established to evaluate responses to the burns. Ponderosa pine plot trees (n =3415) alive 1 month after the burns were evaluated and observed for four growing seasons. Nine fire damage and tree morphological variables were evaluated by logistic regression. A five-factor full model and a two-factor reduced model are presented for projecting probability of mortality. Significant variables in the full model included measures of crown, bole, and basal damage.

Individual-tree growth dynamics of mature Abies alba during repeated irregular group shelterwood (Femelschlag) cuttings

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 2437-2449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus J. Puettmann ◽  
Anthony W. D’Amato ◽  
Ulrich Kohnle ◽  
Jürgen Bauhus
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Individual Trees

This study investigated the individual-tree diameter response of mature silver fir ( Abies alba Mill.) to reproduction harvests (Femelschlag: an irregular group shelterwood method) on six sites in the Black Forest, Germany. On each site, four different treatments were applied, including a control treatment and short-, medium, and long-term regeneration periods aimed at the complete removal of overstory trees within 20, 35, and 50 years, respectively. These treatments created a wide variety of growing conditions for individual trees. Relationships between relative diameter growth and stand-level and neighborhood interaction indices were evaluated. Growing conditions for individual trees in control conditions were best characterized using Lorimer’s index for a 16 m radius neighborhood. Equations predicting tree growth in control stands underpredicted initial growth of trees after harvesting operations, suggesting a release effect that is not captured by postharvest density. This effect was larger for smaller trees and influenced by removal intensity. Growth response to density reductions was also influenced by previous harvests. Our results suggest that the growth response of mature trees to reproduction harvests may become an important consideration when increased emphasis is placed on managing for long-term regeneration periods.

VERTICAL GROWTH RESPONSE OF PONDEROSA PINE INFESTED BY WESTERN PINE SHOOT BORER, EUCOSMA SONOMANA KEARFOTT (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE)

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.W. Thier ◽  
M.A. Marsden
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Needle Length ◽  
Shoot Borer ◽  
Reduced Height

AbstractIncidence of the western pine shoot borer, Eucosma sonomana Kearfott, and tree growth measurements from 5687 ponderosa pines, Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws., were recorded in the Calf Pen plantation Payette National Forest, ID. The percentage of trees infested by shoot borer generally increased as tree height increased.Infestation of the tree’s leader usually resulted in reduced height growth especially where needle length was shortened in the leader. Height growth of infested leaders was less than uninfested leaders. This difference in height growth increased with the total height of the tree as measured in the previous year.

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