Relationship of antioxidant enzymes to ozone tolerance in branches of mature ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) trees exposed to long-term, low concentration, ozone fumigation and acid precipitation

1995 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-134
Author(s):  
Sharon E. Benes ◽  
Terence M. Murphy ◽  
Paul D. Anderson ◽  
James L. J. Houpis
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Acid Precipitation ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Ozone Tolerance ◽  
Relationship Of

scholarly journals Root Volume and Growth of Ponderosa Pine and Douglas-Fir Seedlings: A Summary of Eight Growing Seasons

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rose ◽  
D. L. Haase ◽  
F. Kroiher ◽  
T. Sabin
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Coast Range ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Early Results

Abstract This is the final summary of two studies on the relationship between root volume and seedling growth; early results were published previously. Survival, growth, and stem volume were determined for 2+0 ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings after 8 growing seasons. For each species, seedlings from three seedlots were assigned to one of three root-volume categories [<4.5 cm3 (RV1), 4.5-7 cm3 (RV2), and >7 cm3 (RV3) for ponderosa pine; <9 cm3 (RV1), 9-13 cm3 (RV2), and >13 cm3 (RV3) for Douglas-fir]. On a dry harsh ponderosa pine site on the eastern slopes of Mt. Hood in Oregon, where gopher and cattle damage decreased the number of seedlings, more seedlings in the highest root-volume category survived (70%) than in the smaller root-volume categories (62% and 50%). Douglas-fir on a good site in the Coast Range of Oregon showed significantly greater height and stem volume for the largest root-volume category, whereas annual shoot growth and survival did not differ. Root volume is one of several potentially useful criteria for predicting long-term growth and survival after outplanting. West. J. Appl. For. 12(3):69-73.

scholarly journals Ponderosa Pine Growth Response to Soil Strength in the Volcanic Ash Soils of Central Oregon

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert T. Parker ◽  
Douglas A. Maguire ◽  
David D. Marshall ◽  
Pat Cochran
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Soil Strength ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Volcanic Ash Soils

Abstract Mechanical harvesting and associated logging activities have the capacity to compact soil across large portions of harvest units, but the influences of compaction on long-term site productivity are not well understood. Previous research in central Oregon has shown that volcanic ash soils compact readily under both compression and vibration loads, resulting in long-term alteration in soil density and a decline in tree growth. In this study, soil strength (SS) and tree growth were assessed in areas subject to repeated timber harvesting with the objective of quantifying the relationship between ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) growth and SS. Two thinning treatments (felled only versus felled and skidded) in 70- to 80-year-old ponderosa pine stands were replicated at three sites in 1991. Subsequent 5-year growth in diameter, height, and volume of residual trees were assessed with respect to SS measured by a recording penetrometer. Felled and skidded plots had 44% higher SS values than felled-only plots (P = 0.05). Although no treatment effect on growth was detected at the plot level, diameter, height, and volume growth of individual trees within plots declined significantly as average SS within a 30-ft zone of influence increased from approximately 800 to 2,500 kPa. Results show the potential use of SS measurements for monitoring impacts of harvesting operations on tree growth.

scholarly journals Climate Effect on Ponderosa Pine Radial Growth Varies with Tree Density and Shrub Removal

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaelyn Finley ◽  
Jianwei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Climate Effect ◽  
Moisture Availability

With increasing temperatures and projected changes in moisture availability for the Mediterranean climate of northern California, empirical evidence of the long-term responses of forests to climate are important for managing these ecosystems. We can assess forest treatment strategies to improve climate resilience by examining past responses to climate for both managed and unmanaged plantations. Using an experimental, long-term density and shrub removal study of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Lawson & C. Lawson) on a poor-quality site with low water-holding capacity and high runoff of the North Coastal mountain range in California, we examined the relationships between radial growth and climate for these trees over a common interval of 1977–2011. Resistance indices, defined here as the ratio between current year radial growth and the performance of the four previous years, were correlated to climatic variables during the same years. We found that all treatments’ radial growth benefited from seasonal spring moisture availability during the current growing year. Conversely, high spring and early summer temperatures had detrimental effects on growth. High-density treatments with manzanita understories were sensitive to summer droughts while lower densities and treatments with full shrub removal were not. The explanatory power of the climate regression models was generally more consistent for the same shrub treatments across the four different densities. The resistance indices for the lower density and complete shrub removal treatment groups were less dependent on previous years’ climatic conditions. We conclude that, for ponderosa pine plantations with significant manzanita encroachment, understory removal and heavy thinning treatments increase subsequent growth for remaining trees and decrease sensitivity to climate.

scholarly journals Monitoring Soil Strength Conditions Resulting from Mechanical Harvesting in Volcanic Ash Soils of Central Oregon

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert T. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Soil Strength ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Monitoring Process ◽  
Second Growth

Abstract The volcanic ash-derived soils in central Oregon have been shown to compact readily and remain compacted for long periods of time, leading to significant reductions in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa, Laws) tree growth. Concerns over the potential for long-term reduction in forest site productivity on private forestlands in the region led to the development of a soil monitoring process for precisely quantifying changes to the soil environment caused by mechanical harvesting in second-growth ponderosa pine stands. For this study, soil strength was used as an indicator for soil compaction. A recording penetrometer was used to measure soil strength to a depth of 2 ft at intervals of 5 ft along transects established across harvest units. At each sampling point, the number of machine passes was estimated as no disturbance, 1–2 machine passes, 3–5 machine passes, or main skid trails. The penetrometer data were then summarized for each of the four categories. The results show a rapid rise in soil strength with increasing machine activity and 40–70% of the harvest units compacted in a single harvest cycle. The process proved to be an unbiased and practical system for quantifying the extent and intensity of soil strength conditions resulting from mechanical harvesting.

Grading Ponderosa Pine Seedlings for Outplanting According to their Root Volume1

1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Rose ◽  
John Gleason ◽  
Mary Atkinson ◽  
Tom Sabin
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract In probably one of the first studies of its kind, three different seed sources of 2 + 0 ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) seedlings were graded on the basis of three root-volume categories (< 4.5, 4.5-7, and > 7 cm³) and out-planted to determine differences in survival and growth over 1 and 2 growing seasons, examine the relationship of seedling field height to nursery root volume, total fresh weight, diameter, and height over the same period, and observe differences in nutrient uptake by seedlings among the three categories over 174 days in the field. Seedling survival was good over the two growing seasons. Seedlings graded to the largest root-volume category were significantly taller and grew significantly more than those in the two smaller categories over the 2 years. Nitrogen and potassium contents decreased over the growing season, those seedlings with larger root volumes showing the greatest decrease. The results suggest that root volume has potential as a useful criterion for grading seedlings. West. J. Appl. For. 6(1):11-15.

Wildfire Patterns Change in Central Idaho's Ponderosa Pine-Douglas-fir Forest

1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Steele ◽  
Stephen F. Arno ◽  
Katheleen Geier-Hayes
Keyword(s):  
American Indians ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Fire Suppression ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Fine Fuels ◽  
Fire Intervals ◽  
Old Trees

Abstract Study of long-term fire histories (from fire scars on old trees) helps determine if severe fires were characteristic of the ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests in central Idaho before the arrival of Euroamericans. Before 1895, all sample sites had average fire intervals of 10 to 22 years, implying a pattern of light to moderate surface fire. After 1895, fire intervals lengthened considerably, and severe fires became relatively common. Factors apparently influencing this change were a reduction in uncontrolled fires started by American Indians and Euroamericans; heavy livestock grazing that removed fine fuels; establishment of a fire suppression program; accumulation of slash from early logging; and development of dense conifer understories (ladder fuels). Applications of prescribed burning might reduce the risk of severe wildfires. West. J. Appl. For. 1:16-18, Jan, 1986

scholarly journals Relationship of Native and Introduced Grasses With and Without Cattle in a Young Ponderosa Pine Plantation

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Philip M. McDonald ◽  
Gary O. Fiddler
Keyword(s):  
Plant Community ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Orchard Grass ◽  
Active Chemical ◽  
Native Plant Community ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract On an above-average site in northern California, an early shrub-forb-grass plant community was treated by artificially seeding two forage grass species at plantation age 3, cattle grazing with and without seeded grasses, and applying a soil-active chemical (Velpar). Planted ponderosa pines (Pinus ponderosa var. ponderosa) were part of this community. Results for a 10 yr period (1988-1997) are presented for a native, naturally invading needlegrass (Achnatherum nelsonnii), introduced orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata) and introduced pubescent wheatgrass (Agropyron trichophorum). In general, all three grasses became established, grew well, and spread throughout the study area. Density of needlegrass was highest in the Velpar, fenced control, and grazed control treatments (more than 72,000 plants/ac). Orchard grass density was highest in the seeded and grazed and seeded and fenced treatments (more than 14,000 plants/ac) and relatively high in the Velpar treatment (8,400 plants/ac). Pubescent wheatgrass established well in both seeded treatments (more than 24,000 plants/ac) and spread best to the grazed control (6,950 plants/ac). Ecologically, the introduced grasses had no major effect on the native plant community, and, economically, their effect was positive, although minor. West. J. Appl. For. 17(1):31–36.

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