Natural Variation Among Seedlings from Colorado Sources of Blue Spruce

1988 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 106-109
Author(s):  
Kenneth E. Diebel ◽  
Gilbert H. Fechner
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Natural Variation ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Blue Spruce ◽  
Picea Pungens ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Bud Set ◽  
Seed Zone ◽  
Nested Analysis ◽  
Germination Value

Abstract Germination value, seed weight, cotyledon number, cone length, date of bud set, and height growth were examined on 75 single-tree Colorado sources of blue spruce (Picea pungens Engelm.) grown under accelerated conditions in a greenhouse. The 75 sources were grouped according to seed zone of origin; and nested analysis of variance indicated significant differences between zones for all traits except cotyledon number and date of bud set. No differences were found among families (grouped according to subregions) within seed zones. Trees in families from low elevations and southern latitudes set bud later than trees of other origins. Variation in date of bud set conformed to local altitudinal clinal patterns. West. J. Appl. For. 2(4):106-109, October 1988.

Lignocellulose degradation by Fusarium species

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 1194-1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Sutherland ◽  
Anthony L. Pometto III ◽  
Don L. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Lignocellulose Degradation ◽  
Blue Spruce ◽  
Picea Pungens ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Aromatic Degradation ◽  
Different Strains

Eighteen strains of fungi in the genus Fusarium, including varieties of F. episphaeria, F. lateritium, F. moniliforme, F. nivale, F. oxysporum, F. rigidiusculum, F. roseum, F. solani, and F. tricinctum, slowly degraded lignocelluloses from blue spruce (Picea pungens) and wheat (Triticum aestivum). When grown with [lignin-14C]lignocellulose from blue spruce, 15 of the Fusarium strains converted 2.2 to 4.3% of the [14C]lignin in 60 days to 14CO2 and 3.9 to 8.4% to labeled water-soluble products. When grown with unlabeled lignocellulose from wheat straw, the strains caused total weight losses in 60 days of 7 to 25%, acid-insoluble (Klason) lignin losses of 2 to 17%, and carbohydrate losses of 3 to 33%. Crude protein contents of degraded wheat-straw lignocellulose samples were 3.2 to 5.1%. Among the aromatic degradation products from wheat-straw lignocellulose degraded by different strains, as shown by gas chromatography, were p-coumaric acid, vanillic acid, vanillin, syringaldehyde, and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde.

Development of the shoot apex of blue spruce (Piceapungens)

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 614-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Young ◽  
James W. Hanover
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Apex ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Scale Formation ◽  
Seasonal Development ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Blue Spruce ◽  
Bud Set ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Short Days ◽  
Needle Primordia

Blue spruce (Piceapungens Engelm.) seedlings grown in a nursery for 1 to 5 years and seedlings grown from seed in a greenhouse under continuous light for 2 to 6 months were studied to determine (1) time to bud set on transfer to short days, (2) time to bud-break on subsequent transfer to long days, and (3) the anatomy of the dormant shoot apex. Seasonal development of the shoot apex of a single 50-year-old blue spruce was also monitored.Time to but set on transfer to short days decreased after long periods under continuous light. Time to budbreak on subsequent transfer to long days increased with increasing age in nursery- and greenhouse-grown seedlings. The dormant shoot apex became more highly differentiated as the nursery-grown seedlings aged from 1 to 3 years, then showed no significant difference after 3 years of age.The 50-year-old blue spruce initiated many new needles in the current bud before bud scale formation, which began in mid-May. Needle primordia initiation in the new bud began in late June and slowed down in late August. Apical dome diameter increased and decreased concurrently with the increase and decrease in rate of needle primordia initiation.

scholarly journals Bud blight (Gemmamyces piceae) in the eastern part of the Krušné hory Mountains

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 309-317
Author(s):  
Jiri Sefl ◽  
Veronika Mottlová ◽  
Iva Schořálková
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Blue Spruce ◽  
Picea Pungens ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Sprouting Ability ◽  
Trend Assessment ◽  
Krušné Hory Mountains

A survey was carried out in 2013–2019 on the life cycle of the bud blight Gemmamyces piceae (Borthw.) Casagrande and the trend assessment in the infestation of the Colorado blue spruce Picea pungens Engelm. stands. Four ecologically different plots were chosen in the Fláje region in the Eastern part of the Krušné hory Mountains. The pycnidia were formed at the beginning of June on buds infested the previous year. Later, in the second half of June, they formed on the spring attack buds. Conidia occurred in the first week of July on the buds of the old infestation, or later in the case of the spring attack buds, in the middle of July. The production of conidia lasted till the end of September. Ascospores occurred in the middle of July and were produced until the end of September. The ability of host trees to sprout became continually weaker, along with the defoliation progress. A distinct decline in the sprouting ability was noticed on stands with a dense crown canopy and on stands with competition of broad-leaved trees – with an admixture of birch.

The role of reactive oxygen species in pollen germination in Picea pungens (blue spruce)

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikita Maksimov ◽  
Anastasia Evmenyeva ◽  
Maria Breygina ◽  
Igor Yermakov
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Blue Spruce ◽  
Picea Pungens

ALBINISM AND NATURAL SELFING IN Picea pungens

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1097-1098
Author(s):  
W. H. CRAM
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Blue Spruce ◽  
Picea Pungens ◽  
Self Pollination

Albino seedlings from self-pollinated seed were attributed to a simple and lethal recessive gene, which was utilized to estimate the occurrence of 0–18% natural self-pollination in blue spruce (Picea pungens Engelm.).Key words: Albinism, natural selfing, Picea pungens

A new hybrid between blue spruce and white spruce

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 1693-1700 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Hanover ◽  
Ronald C. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Growth Form ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Hybrid Seed ◽  
Blue Spruce ◽  
Picea Pungens ◽  
Biochemical Analyses

Controlled pollinations were made within and between blue spruce (Picea pungens Engelm.) and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) in 1967 and 1968. Interspecific hybrids were obtained and verified by comparative measurements of several traits. The cross was successful when either species was used as the female parent. Hybrid seed germinated more rapidly than that of either species and hybrid seedlings showed some heterosis for early growth. Also, hybrid seedlings had needles intermediate between, and significantly different from, the parental seedlings. Growth form of the hybrid was quite variable compared with that of either species. Further evidence for the successful crossing of blue spruce and white spruce was provided by biochemical analyses of monoterpene compounds in the parents and progeny.

Effect of seed weight on height growth of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii) seedlings in a nursery

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1109-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank C. Sorensen ◽  
Robert K. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Genetic Makeup ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Filled Seeds

Different mean seed weights were produced within each of 10 young Douglas-fir trees by leaving some developing cones unbagged and enclosing others in Kraft paper bags for two different durations. On the average, 10 days in the bag increased filled-seed weight by about 1%. Unbagged cones and cones from the 117-day bagging duration were wind pollinated. Seeds from these cones were, therefore, of comparable genetic makeup and were used in further nursery growth tests. To eliminate the effect of germination rate or time, samples of filled seeds from each treatment on each parent tree were sown as germinant seedlings on one date. Cotyledon number was counted and 1st-year epicotyl lengths and 2nd-year total heights were measured on all seedlings. Seedling volumes were estimated by assuming diameters were proportional to heights. On the average, bagging cones for 117 days increased seed weight by 10.7%, 1st-year epicotyl length by 9.1%, and 2-year total height by 4.0%. All differences were statistically significant. Results were compared with other reports of the relations between seed weight and growth and reasons for inconsistencies were discussed. Size differences were projected to later ages with a growth model and practical implications of long-term seed effects on plant size, of increasing seed size through cultural techniques, and of grading seed lots by size were considered.

Seasonal variation of the terpenes of the leaves, buds, and twigs of blue spruce (Picea pungens)

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (24) ◽  
pp. 2978-2982 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. von Rudloff
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Blue Spruce ◽  
Picea Pungens ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Winter Buds ◽  
Diterpene Alcohol

The variation in the relative amounts of the terpenes of the mature and young leaves, buds, and twigs of blue spruce was investigated during a full year. As with the spruces that were investigated previously, large changes were recorded only in the buds and in the young leaves after bud burst. The variations that were recorded in the latter for santene, tricyclene, camphene, camphor, bornyl acetate, and limonene were similar to those that were found in white spruce, but those of car-β-ene, α-pinene, and β-pinene differed. Several quantitative differences in the oil of the winter buds were also recorded. The variation of β-pinene correlated negatively with that of sabinene, γ-terpinene, and terpinolene. A transient diterpene alcohol of the geranylgeraniol type was found in the buds and young twigs during spring. The seasonal variation of the terpenes of the twig oil was smaller than the twig-to-twig variation within a tree. The implications for chemosystematic studies are discussed.

Probabilities of small-gap capture by sugar maple saplings based on height and crown growth data from felled trees

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 643-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
William G Cole ◽  
Craig G Lorimer
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Stochastic Simulations ◽  
Gap Formation ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Stochastic Variation ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Advance Regeneration

We simulated the probability that Acer saccharum Marsh. saplings in single-tree gaps would reach the overstory before lateral gap closure. The model was calibrated with height and crown growth data from destructively sampled trees that ranged from 1 to 27 m tall. Each of the major initial conditions and growth processes was evaluated separately to determine its effect on gap-capture probabilities. Factors such as sapling height at the time of gap formation, continued height growth of border trees, and stochastic growth variation had pronounced effects on the outcome. Stochastic variation generally increased chances of sapling success by delaying closure times in some of the gaps and allowing some saplings to grow at above-average rates. In stochastic simulations with continued (asymptotic) border-tree height growth, probabilities of successful gap capture ranged from <20% of saplings 1–2 m tall to 35%–86% for saplings 7–8 m tall. The results suggest that some saplings may be able to capture gaps after one gap event, but probabilities are low for small saplings and for all saplings in small and medium gaps. Based on the mechanisms simulated here, most of the larger single-tree gaps (78 m2) are captured by advance regeneration more than 4 m tall.

scholarly journals Blue sky’s the limit? Somatic embryogenesis as a means of propagating recalcitrant blue spruce (Picea pungens) cultivar Hoopsii

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Demone ◽  
Jingqin Mao ◽  
Shen Wan ◽  
Maryam Nourimand ◽  
Äsbjörn Erik Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Embryo Abortion ◽  
Blue Spruce ◽  
Picea Pungens ◽  
Initiation Frequency ◽  
Propagation Methods

AbstractThe ‘triple-blue’ cultivar of blue spruce (Picea pungens Hoopsii) is notably recalcitrant towards the realm of traditional vegetative propagation methods. Its ability to naturally proliferate is limited by ovule and embryo abortion during the growing season, leading to low viable seed yield. In this study, we established a protocol using somatic embryogenesis (SE) as a means of propagating this popular ornamental cultivar. We collected cones from Hoopsii trees at seven different timepoints throughout the growing season (mid-June to late July in Ottawa (Plant Hardiness Zone 5A)). Female megagametophytes were harvested following each collection and immature zygotic embryos were plated onto induction media. Early somatic embryos began developing from the embryonic tissue (ET) three to five weeks following induction. The highest ET initiation frequency occurred from embryos collected June 20–July 10, suggesting that developmental stage of the embryo was a significant factor in SE induction. The conversion of mature somatic embryos into plantlets (emblings) was completed in eight–ten weeks at a rate of 92.8%. In this study, we demonstrate that in vitro somatic embryogenesis using our optimized protocol is a fast and prolific method for the mass propagation of Hoopsii blue spruce. This is the first report on the production of somatic Hoopsii emblings.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document