Seed Germination of Faidherbia albida (Delile) A. Chev as Influenced by Different Pretreatments

Faidherbia albida is an agroforesrty tree that has the potential of promoting agroforestry establishment in Nigeria. The seeds are glossy due to the presence of wax in the seed coat which prevents easy penetration of water. Thus, this study assessed the effect of different pretreatments (biological, mechanical and chemical) on the germination of F. albida seeds. The treatments include; seeds scarified at the helium, soaked in cold water for 24 hours, soaked in hot water for 3 minutes, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, & 15 minutes and soaked in Conc. H2SO4 for 3 minutes, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, and 15 minutes. The result showed that all treatment had uniform germination percentage of 100% but seeds soaked in H2SO4 for 15 min and 10 min had the highest germination value of (65.25) and (65.00) respectively, followed by 15mins soaking in hot water (47.14) while the least germination value was recorded in seeds scarified mechanically (33.31). Analysis of variance revealed that there was no significant difference in the treatments. However, seeds treated with H2SO4 at 15 mins and 10 mins had the best performance in terms of germination value compared with other treatments. Therefore, for optimum and uniform germination, the seed of F. albida seeds should be soak in concentrated H2SO4 for 15 min.

SEED GERMINATION OF GUNDELIA TOURNEFORTII L. UNDER DIFFERENT DORMANCY BREAKING TREATMENTS

Gundelia tournefortii L. is adapted to mountains area climate, and the germination of this plant is not easily. This research conducted to study the effect of different seed treatments in various treatment durations in two experiments in petri dish in the laboratory and in seedling tray in the lath house to breaking seed dormancy and germination stimulus. Results indicated that there is significant enhancement of germination by all treatments and the maximum germination percentage was obtained by seed freezing 99.17% in the laboratory and 93.33% in the lath house for all treatment durations 12, 14, 48 and 72 hours. The other parameters of seed germination like germination speed, peak value, mean daily germination, mean germination time, germination value, radicle length, radicle elongation velocity, plumule length, plumule elongation velocity, seedling fresh and dry weight escalated by seed freezing and seed soaking in tap water at all soaking durations 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours. Gundelia tournefortii L. germinated seed was an anatomically examined by paraffin method and calculated diploid number of chromosomes 2n=2x=18 by aceto-carmine squash methods

Seed Quality of Paddy Variety (Oryza sativa L.) Resistant to Vegetative Phase Drought Stress

Drought is an abiotic stress that can affect paddy yields by inhibiting growth, thereby reducing the quality of the seeds produced. This study aimed to find out the best seed quality of several paddy varieties produced from the plants experiencing drought stress in the vegetative phase. The varieties used in the study were Inpago 12, Unsoed 1, Inpago 4, Inpago 5, Inpago 9, Inpago 8, Inpago 10, Inpara 8, Inpara 9, Rindang 1, Rindang 2, Situ Patenggang, Towuti, and Batu Tegi. The drought stress was applied to the vegetative phase of the plant by reducing the intensity of water supply (63.5% moisture content), then the resulting seeds were tested in the laboratory. The results of the study showed that the highest seed quality value in the drought stress treatment of the vegetative phase were the Inpara 8 variety, followed by the Towuti variety with 93.33% and 88% germination values, 82.67% and 70% simultaneous growth, 12.11% and 8.44% germination rate, 64% and 64% germination strength, and 18.99 and 16.83 vigor indexes. Meanwhile, the lowest seed quality was the Inpago 8 variety with 26% germination value, 21.33% simultaneous growth, 1.33% germination speed, 3.33% germination strength, and 2.71 vigor index. Among all the varieties tested, the Inpara 8 and Towuti are those with the best seed quality values ​​after experiencing drought stress during the vegetative phase.

Effect of Milk and Hydro-priming on Seed Germination Characteristics of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.)

To meet the demand for an appropriate soaking duration and priming type, there is a need to embrace cheap, fast, natural, accessible, and adaptable physiological techniques as soaking of seeds in water and fresh cow milk. Fresh cow milk contains hormones that relieve seeds from photo, thermo, physiological and mechanical dormancy. In light of this, this study was conducted to assess the effect of hydration and fresh cow milk on different seed quality attributes like germination percentage, mean germination time, the uncertainty of germination process, and synchrony of germination process of bitter gourd seeds. The study involved two factors namely hydropriming and different concentrations of fresh cow milk (viz. 60%, 80% and 100%), and the other factor was seed soaking duration with 4 levels (i. e., 0, 12, 18 and 24 hours). The experiment was conducted in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with three replicates. Results revealed that the percentage germination value of seeds soaked in all concentrations of fresh cow milk was better than hydropriming. A significant germination percentage value of 96% and 93% were recorded for seeds treated for 18 hours in 80% and 100% concentrations of fresh cow milk respectively. Maximum uncertainty of the germination process and minimum synchrony of germination the process was recorded in untreated seed.

Performance of Pod Orientation at Sowing on Germination and Its Related Attributes in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Background: A Field experiment was conducted at Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai, India during summer, 2020 to evaluate performance of different orientations of double pod sowing in comparison with kernel sowing (practice) on germination variability, yield and its related parameters of peanut. Methods: The experiment set up with four treatments replicated four times with pods sowing orientations viz., i) Sowing with vertical posterior-upwards ii) Vertical posterior-downwards iii) horizontal sowing and iv) sowing with kernels. Result: Results showed a little variation in germination between sowing orientation of double pods compared to kernel sowing. Though, mean germination percentage, germination energy, germination value and emergence energy value were higher in kernel sowing, pod sowing with vertical-posterior downwards elevated germination percent up to 97.45% and also inflated germination attributes and yield.

Morphometry, viability and germination of seeds of Benincasa hispida [(Thunb.) Cogn.]

The objective of the study was to evaluate the morphometry, viability and germination of B. hispida seeds, at the Universidad de Córdoba, Colombia. Eight biometric characteristics were measured in a sample of seeds taken at random from a balanced compound originating from 50 fruits. The external and internal morphological description was made on a sample of 10 seeds. Seed viability was estimated by the tetrazolium test, using the combination of two staining times (2 and 3 hours) and three concentrations of (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%), under a design completely randomized, with six treatments and four repetitions of 50 seeds. The germination test (PRUGER) was performed in a mesh house with four repetitions of 50 seeds to estimate eight physiological parameters of germination. The morpho-metric characteristics of thickness, length and width of seeds showed reduced phenotypic variation, compared with the weight, density and volume of a seed, with variation coefficients greater than 11.7%. The seed, ovoid and flattened, presents an embryo with its cotyledons wrapped in a protective membrane. The viability, determined with tetrazolium, was 89.5-96.5%, while the PRUGER was 100%, with no statistical differences between them (P≥0.05). The combination of 0.5% tetrazolium with 2 hours is sufficient to determine the viability of the seed. Germination elapsed from 6 to 19 days after sowing, with a germination speed index of 0.22, average daily germination of 5.26%, peak value of 5.33 and germination value of 28.

Morfologi Benih Dan Perkecambahan Pala (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) Sebagai Sumber Benih Di Hutan Rakyat, Pulau Bacan, Halmahera Selatan

The development of nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt) community forests needs to be supported by high-quality seed procurement, both physical, physiological, and genetic quality. Physically it can be done by morphological analysis in the form of length, diameter, and weight of seeds. Meanwhile, to determine the physiological quality, one of which is by observing germination. This research aimed to identify the morphology of seeds and germination of nutmeg (M. fragrans Houtt.) from different seed sources in the development of nutmeg community forests in Bacan, South Halmahera. The results showed that the morphology of nutmeg seeds in the shape, color, and skin surface variables at the three locations (Amasing, Papaloang, and Babang) obtained the same results, namely oval, brownish-black and shiny. Whereas in seed length, nutmeg from Papaloang has a longer seed size than seeds from Amasing and Babang. In the germination parameter values, seeds from Papaloang were found to have the highest value, namely the percentage of germination (K = 35%), peak value (PV = 0.56), average daily germination (MDG = 0.56), germination value (NK = 0.31 ).

Comparison on seed germination and seedling growth between Indonesian local corn cultivars for decide the quality of seed

Wawo AH, Sumbogo VG, Lestari P. 2020. Comparison on seed germination and seedling growth between Indonesian local corn cultivars for decide the quality of seed. Biodiversitas 21: 3189-3199. Each region in Indonesia has local corn cultivars (Zea mays L), for example, South Sulawesi has some Pulut Pangkajene cultivars and Purbalingga, Central Java has Entog and Senggani cultivars. Compared to hybrid corn, local corn has its advantages such as dry resistance, short life, and specific taste. The identification of seed germination and seedling growth for Pangkajene corn (South Sulawesi), Entog and Senggani corns (Purbalingga) has not been performed, thus, specific characteristics to differ those three corn cultivars have not been available. The study aims to establish the characteristics of local corn cultivars, comprise the seed germination, seedling growth, and determine the best local corn cultivars for supporting food sources. This research has Factorial patterned with a Completely Randomized Design and it was repeated 4 times. The main factor is the germination facility, namely germination chamber and nursery house. Meanwhile, the second factors are corn cultivars, namely Pangkajene, Entog, and Senggani. The result shows that the Pangkajene and Entog cultivars have higher germinability and germination value compared to Senggani corn cultivar. Pangkajene and Senggani cultivars have higher seedling growth than Entog cultivar seedlings characterized by high relative growth rate (R) values. The Pangkajene cultivar has higher quality compared to 2 local corn cultivars of Entog and Senggani from Purbalingga (Central Java). Further, Senggani cultivars have higher quality than Entog cultivars.

Effects of different treatments on seed dormancy breaking and germination in Acer cappadocicum Gleditsch var. cappadocicum

This study was carried out to determine effects of different pretreatment on seed germination and to overcome dormancy in Acer cappadocicum seeds. The seeds were collected in 2008 three times with aproximately 15-days intervals. In order to overcome dormancy, several germination treatments were applied. The treatments were (1) different seed collection time, (2)soaking in water, (3) cold-moist stratification and (4) GA₃ (gibberellic acid) application. The treated seeds were germinated in growing chamber at 5 ⁰C and in greenhouse conditions. This research showed that seeds of Acer cappadocicum exhibit physiological dormancy and require stratification period to overcome seed dormancy. The highest germination percentage in the growing chamber subjected to GA₃ process after eight weeks of stratification treatment was 62 % for Acer cappadocicum seeds. The highest germination percentage in greenhouse was obtained with cold stratification after eight weeks (95 %). It was found out that GA₃ treatment had a significant effect on germination in growth chamber + 5 ⁰C but GA₃ treatment didn’t have a significant effect on germination in greenhouse conditions. GA₃ treatment and soaking of unstratified seeds in water for 48 hr didn’t have any positive effect on germination value in greenhouse conditions. Although growth chamber and green house results both indicated that seed collection time did not seem to play a role as statistically on seed germination, Duncan’s test showed that the third seed collection time was in a different group.

Germination Capacity of Annona deceptrix (Westra) H. Rainer (Annonaceae) an Endemic and Endangered Species in Manabí, Ecuador

Annona deceptrix is an endemic and endangered tree from Ecuador according to the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species™. Its endangered status has been related with anthropogenic activities and some intrinsic characteristics of this species such as a low germination capacity of its seeds under natural conditions which is a serious limitation to obtain plants to establish conservation and breeding strategies. The objective of this study was to determine the seed germination capacity of A. deceptrix under different conditions and pre-germination treatments as a decisive factor in the survival of the species in ecosystems. The six pre-germination treatments were seed mechanical scarification (fine sandpaper), seed imbibitions in gibberellic acid solutions with three different concentrations (600, 700, 800 ppm) for 24 hours, imbibition of seeds in distilled water for 48 hours and direct sowing (control). For each treatment was sown twenty seeds under greenhouse conditions and germination chamber. The variables evaluated were: total number of germinated seeds, germination capacity, maximum germination value and germination energy. Mechanical scarification was the best treatment with 100 % germinated seed and showed to be significantly different than the other treatment. In this regards, the rest of the treatment the germination ranged between 35 % to 55 % and did not show statistical differences each other. In conclusion, the seeds of A. deceptrix have a low germination capacity in natural conditions and then they need a pre-germination process such as mechanical-scarification to guarantees for their performance in the ecosystems.