scholarly journals Age-Conditional Effects of Political Skill and Empathy on Emotional Labor: An Experience Sampling Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen C Toomey ◽  
Cort W Rudolph ◽  
Hannes Zacher
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Labor ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Political Skill ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Deep Acting ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Interpersonal Competency ◽  
Conditional Effects

Abstract Grounded in lifespan development theories that posit a positive influence of aging on emotion regulation, we examine how chronological age and political skill (i.e., a work-related interpersonal competency that functions as an emotion-relevant resource) jointly moderate the relationships between within-person levels of empathy and the use of emotional labor strategies across a workweek. Participants were n = 118 full-time university employees (Mage = 42.85 years; SD = 12.18; range = 20–70), who completed momentary surveys 3 times a day, over a single 5-day workweek. Results show that age and within-person levels of empathy were positively related to momentary levels of deep acting. Considering further the interaction of age, political skill, and empathy, results suggest that the positive relationship between empathy and deep acting is conditional upon age and individual differences in political skill, with differential relationships observed for relatively older versus relatively younger participants. Overall, the findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of the role of age and political skill for daily emotional regulation in the work context.

scholarly journals Age-Conditional Effects of Political Skill and Empathy on Emotional Labor: An Experience Sampling Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen Toomey ◽  
Cort Rudolph ◽  
Hannes Zacher
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Labor ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Political Skill ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Deep Acting ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Interpersonal Competency ◽  
Conditional Effects

Grounded in lifespan development theories that posit a positive influence of aging on emotionregulation, we examine how chronological age and political skill (i.e., a work-related interpersonal competency that functions as an emotion-relevant resource) jointly moderate the relationships between within-person levels of empathy and the use of emotional labor strategies across a workweek. Participants were n = 118 full-time university employees (Mage = 42.85 years; SD = 12.18; Range = 20-70), who completed momentary surveys three times a day, over a single five-day workweek. Results show that age and within-person levels of empathy were positively related to momentary levels of deep acting. Considering further the interaction of age, political skill, and empathy, results suggest that the positive relationship between empathy and deep acting is conditional upon age and individual differences in political skill, with differential relationships observed for relatively older versus relatively younger participants. Overall, the findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of the role of age and political skill for daily emotional regulation in the work context.

scholarly journals The Effect of Emotional Labor on Presenteeism of Chinese Nurses in Tertiary-Level Hospitals: The Mediating Role of Job Burnout

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Song ◽  
Fang Liu ◽  
Xiaowei Li ◽  
Zhan Qu ◽  
Rongqiang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Emotional Labor ◽  
Job Burnout ◽  
Total Effect ◽  
Tertiary Level ◽  
Surface Acting ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Deep Acting ◽  
Work Related

Background: Employees who are physically present but work insufficiently because of illness are deemed as having presenteeism. In the health care setting, the issue has taken on greater importance because of the impairment of the physical and mental health of nurses and the nursing safety of the patients. According to the Job Demand-Resource Model, burnout may link emotional labor with presenteeism. Thus, this study analyzed the role of burnout as a mediating factor between the three types of emotional labor strategies and presenteeism among nurses in tertiary-level hospitals.Methods: A cross-sectional study of 1,038 nurses from six Chinese hospitals was conducted. The questionnaires, including the 14-item emotional labor strategies scale, 22-item Maslach Burnout Inventory scale, 6-item Stanford Presenteeism Scale, and items about demographic characteristics and work-related factors, were used to collect data. A multivariable linear regression was used to predict work-related factors and investigate the correlation of emotional labor, burnout, and presenteeism. The structural equation model was implemented to test the mediating effects of job burnout.Results: The results of the study showed that the average presenteeism score of the participants was 14.18 (4.33), which is higher than in Spanish, Portuguese, and Brazilian nurses. Presenteeism was explained by 22.8% of the variance in the final model in multivariable linear regression (P < 0.01). Presenteeism was found to be positively correlated with surface acting, emotionally expressed demands, deep acting, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and low personal accomplishment (P < 0.01). Notably, presenteeism was negatively correlated with deep acting (P < 0.01). In addition, burnout partially mediated the correlation between emotionally expressed demands, deep acting, and presenteeism with a mediatory effect of 24 and 63.31% of the total effect. Burnout completely mediated the association between surface acting and presenteeism, a mediating effect of 86.44% of the total effect.Conclusions: The results of this study suggested that different emotional labor strategies affect presenteeism, either directly or indirectly. Nursing managers should intervene to reduce presenteeism by improving the ability of the nurses to manage emotions, thereby alleviating burnout.

Emotional Labor: Links to Depression and Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Call Center Workers

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 346-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye-Jin Kim ◽  
Jina Choo
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Emotional Labor ◽  
Call Center ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Deep Acting ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Call Center Workers

Little evidence links emotional labor to either psychological or physical health. This study determined whether the two types of emotional labor (i.e., surface vs. deep acting) were significantly associated with depressive symptoms and work-related musculoskeletal disorders in call center workers. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 274 workers recruited from a call center in Seoul, South Korea. In adjusted regression models, levels of surface, but not deep, acting were significantly and positively associated with depressive symptoms. Higher surface acting levels were significantly and positively associated with low back pain; higher deep acting levels were significantly and inversely associated with low back pain. Study findings could inform occupational health nurses as they delineate differentiated strategies, according to the nature of surface and deep acting, to promote psychological and physical health in call center workers.

scholarly journals Social Capital and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Double-Mediation of Emotional Regulation and Job Engagement

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Hoon Ko ◽  
Yongjun Choi ◽  
Seung-Yoon Rhee ◽  
Tae Moon
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Organizational Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Emotional Labor ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Job Engagement ◽  
Surface Acting ◽  
Deep Acting

Despite an enduring interest in emotional labor, the effects of social capital on the emotional regulation process remain relatively underexplored. Using the job demands-resources model, we propose that social capital provides employees with the job resources required for deep acting. We also propose a double-mediation effect of deep or surface acting and job engagement, through which employee social capital can increase organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Empirical results using data from 330 employees selling financial or insurance products in South Korea support our hypotheses that deep acting by sales employees and job engagement sequentially mediate the positive relationship between social capital and OCB.

Incivility and Counterproductive Work Behavior

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Zahid Hameed ◽  
Ikram Ullah Khan ◽  
Muhammad Adnan Zahid Chudhery ◽  
Donghong Ding
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Counterproductive Work Behavior ◽  
Workplace Incivility ◽  
Work Behavior ◽  
Moderation Effect ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This research aims to extend the literature on stress by exploring the relationship between incivility and employees' counterproductive work behavior (CWB). We investigate the mediating role of psychological distress (PD) to understand the relationship of family and workplace incivility with CWB. The study also evaluates the moderation effect of emotional regulation between incivility and PD. Analysis of three-wave lagged data (N=328), collected from bank employees in Pakistan, indicates that PD mediates the effect of family and workplace incivility on CWB and emotional regulation moderates the effect of family and workplace incivility on PD. Our findings highlight the fact that emotional regulation and PD are important mechanisms in the incivility–CWB relationship. The inclusion of these two constructs is a key to understanding the relationships among family incivility, workplace incivility, and work-related outcomes. The paper concludes with a discussion of theoretical and practical implications.

Incivility and Counterproductive Work Behavior

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahid Hameed ◽  
Ikram Ullah Khan ◽  
Muhammad Adnan Zahid Chudhery ◽  
Donghong Ding
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Counterproductive Work Behavior ◽  
Workplace Incivility ◽  
Work Behavior ◽  
Moderation Effect ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This research aims to extend the literature on stress by exploring the relationship between incivility and employees' counterproductive work behavior (CWB). We investigate the mediating role of psychological distress (PD) to understand the relationship of family and workplace incivility with CWB. The study also evaluates the moderation effect of emotional regulation between incivility and PD. Analysis of three-wave lagged data (N=328), collected from bank employees in Pakistan, indicates that PD mediates the effect of family and workplace incivility on CWB and emotional regulation moderates the effect of family and workplace incivility on PD. Our findings highlight the fact that emotional regulation and PD are important mechanisms in the incivility–CWB relationship. The inclusion of these two constructs is a key to understanding the relationships among family incivility, workplace incivility, and work-related outcomes. The paper concludes with a discussion of theoretical and practical implications.

A motivational approach to emotional labor: Examining the link between goal orientation and emotional labor strategies

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Mahsa Esmaeilikia ◽  
Markus Groth
Keyword(s):  
Goal Orientation ◽  
Emotional Labor ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Goal Orientations ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Surface Acting ◽  
Deep Acting ◽  
Service Employees ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Goal Orientation Theory

AbstractDrawing on goal orientation theory, in this study, we examine how an individual's motivational approach relates to the use of two common emotional labor strategies: surface acting and deep acting. In addition, we examine the role of self-efficacy as a mediating mechanism through which different goal orientations are related to different emotional labor strategies. To test our hypotheses, 262 U.S. full-time working adults from a variety of service occupations were surveyed. Consistent with the predictions of goal orientation theory, our results show that learning-oriented service employees tend to use deep acting, while performance-oriented service employees use both emotional labor strategies. Our findings also show that emotional labor self-efficacy plays a mediating role in the relationship between motivational approach and emotional labor strategy use.

Older and Less Deviant? The Paths Through Emotional Labor and Organizational Cynicism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yisheng Peng ◽  
Jie Ma ◽  
Wenqin Zhang ◽  
Steve Jex
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Emotional Labor ◽  
Workplace Deviance ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Surface Acting ◽  
Deep Acting ◽  
Diverse Workforce ◽  
Organizational Cynicism ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Employee Age

Abstract Previous research suggests that workplace deviance, one of the most pressing problems for today’s organizations, tends to decline as employees age. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the age-deviance relationship. Using aggregated 5-day daily diary data in a sample of 158 Chinese full-time employees, the present study examined age differences in the use of emotional labor strategies (i.e., surface acting and deep acting) and how these age differences relate to employee workplace deviance via organizational cynicism. Results found that age was negatively related to the use of both surface acting and deep acting. Emotional labor strategies (i.e., surface acting and deep acting) and organizational cynicism serially mediated the relationship between employee age and workplace deviance. The current research deepens our understanding of the process by which employee age relates to workplace deviance. This study also has implications for the management of an increasingly age-diverse workforce and can guide future interventions aiming at reducing workplace deviance, an issue of increasing concern to both organizations and society in general.

Voice behavior and creative performance moderated by stressors

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Song ◽  
Jianlin Wu ◽  
Jibao Gu
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Voice Behavior ◽  
Creative Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Work Related Stressors

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to test the moderating role of work-related stressors on the relationship between voice behavior and the voicer’s creative performance. Design/methodology/approach The sample comprised 781 full-time employees from 16 companies covering six industries in the central region of China. Hierarchical moderated regression analyses were used to test the hypotheses. Findings Results showed that voice behavior had significant positive effect on creative performance. The positive relationship between voice behavior and creative performance was stronger for employees with low challenge stressors as well as for employees with high hindrance stressors. Research limitations/implications This study employs a cross-sectional design with data collected from the same source. Practical implications The findings suggest that employees should be encouraged to voice out their opinions and ideas. Work-related stressors should be treated differently to expand the effects of voice behavior on creative performance. Originality/value This study is one of the few to establish boundary conditions from the contextual perspective on the effect of voice behavior on employee performance. Considering whether work-related stressor is a challenge or a hindrance could possibly result in a better understanding of the role of work-related stressors in the voice behavior-creative performance relationship. An empirical evidence is provided for the positive relationship between voice behavior and employee performance outcomes.

The Role of Leader’s Humility in Facilitating Frontline Employees’ Deep Acting and Turnover: The Moderating Role of Perceived Customer-Oriented Climate

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinyi Zhou ◽  
Yawen Li
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Labor ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Archival Data ◽  
Frontline Employees ◽  
Deep Acting ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Strong Situation ◽  
Practical Implications

Many cultures recognize humility as an important human virtue. However, there is scant research on a possible relationship between leader’s humility and employees’ emotional labor. The current study, based on strong-situation hypothesis, posits that within the service industry, leader’s humility could determine and facilitate employee’ deep acting and turnover. Moreover, the mediating effect of deep acting is moderated by employees’ perceptions of the organization’s customer-oriented climate. The study is based on self-reported and archival data of 157 frontline employees at a hospital in China. The results generally support the hypotheses. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are also discussed.

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