The IR-4 Project: Supplying Pest Management Tools for Specialty Crops for Over 40 Years.

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Thompson ◽  
M. Braverman ◽  
S. Novack ◽  
C. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Specialty Crops ◽  
Over 40 Years

scholarly journals The Role of the IR-4 Project in the Registration of Plant Growth Regulators in Horticultural Crops

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
Jerry J. Baron ◽  
Robert E. Holm ◽  
J. Ray Frank
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
Specialty Crops ◽  
Minor Crops

The pest management industry does not have adequate financial incentives to develop the required data to register pest management tools with government authorities on fruit, vegetables, herbs, spices, nursery crops, landscape plants, flowers, turfgrass, and other specialty crops. Growers of these crops, collectively called minor crops, need pest control tools to be able to sustain production. The Interregional Research Project Number Four (IR-4) was established in 1963 by the U.S. Department of Agriculture to assist growers of minor crops by providing a mechanism to allow growers of these crops to have access to safe and effective pest management tools. Working with research, industrial and extension personnel at the state land-grant institutions and researchers at USDA, Agricultural Research Service, IR-4 develops the appropriate data to support registration of insecticides, fungicides, herbicides and plant growth regulators. Many of the uses of plant growth regulators in current use were developed with oversight provided by IR-4. There are many promising new plant growth regulators and/or uses in the commercial development pipeline and it is anticipated that assistance from IR-4 will be needed to support registration of these new materials on minor crops.

scholarly journals Modern Stored-Product Insect Pest Management

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
David William Hagstrum ◽  
Paul Whitney Flinn
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Insect Infestations ◽  
Food Residues ◽  
And Control

Abstract Stored-product entomologists have a variety of new monitoring, decision-making, biological, chemical, and physical pest management tools available to them. Two types of stored-product insect populations are of interest: insects of immediate economic importance infesting commodities, and insects that live in food residues in equipment and facilities. The sampling and control methods change as grain and grain products move from field to consumer. There are also some changes in the major insect pest species to take into consideration. In this review, we list the primary insect pests at each point of the marketing system, and indicate which sampling methods and control strategies are most appropriate. Economic thresholds for insect infestation levels developed for raw commodity storage, processing plants, and retail business allow sampling-based pest management to be done before insect infestations cause economic injury. Taking enough samples to have a representative sample (20-30 samples) will generally provide enough information to classify a population as above or below an economic threshold.

scholarly journals Horseradish Production in Illinois

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Alan Walters ◽  
Elizabeth A. Wahle
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
The United States ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Armoracia Rusticana ◽  
Specialty Crops ◽  
High Organic Matter ◽  
Future Production

Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) is a hardy perennial that is grown for its white, fleshy, and pungent roots. Illinois leads the United States in production of horseradish, with ≈1500 acres and an annual farm-gate value of about $10 million, with most processed and added as an ingredient to various commercially produced condiments. Horseradish in Illinois is primarily grown in the Mississippi River Valley region adjacent to St. Louis due to the well-drained, deep friable, high organic matter, moist loam soils that are present in this area. Most of the production is located in Madison and St. Claire counties. This region of southwestern Illinois has been producing horseradish commercially for over 150 years. This review provides an overview of the basics of horseradish production in Illinois, including propagation, cultivars, planting, cultivation, fertilization, pest management, harvest, grading, storage, and marketing. Horseradish is one of the most important specialty crops grown in Illinois, and current and future production concerns are also discussed.

scholarly journals The Role of Bacillus-Based Biological Control Agents in Integrated Pest Management Systems: Plant Diseases

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (11) ◽  
pp. 1272-1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Jacobsen ◽  
N. K. Zidack ◽  
B. J. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Management Tools

Bacillus-based biological control agents (BCAs) have great potential in integrated pest management (IPM) systems; however, relatively little work has been published on integration with other IPM management tools. Unfortunately, most research has focused on BCAs as alternatives to synthetic chemical fungicides or bactericides and not as part of an integrated management system. IPM has had many definitions and this review will use the national coalition for IPM definition: “A sustainable approach to managing pests by combining biological, cultural, physical and chemical tools in a way that minimizes economic, health and environmental risks.” This review will examine the integrated use of Bacillus-based BCAs with disease management tools, including resistant cultivars, fungicides or bactericides, or other BCAs. This integration is important because the consistency and degree of disease control by Bacillus-based BCAs is rarely equal to the control afforded by the best fungicides or bactericides. In theory, integration of several tools brings stability to disease management programs. Integration of BCAs with other disease management tools often provides broader crop adaptation and both more efficacious and consistent levels of disease control. This review will also discuss the use of Bacillus-based BCAs in fungicide resistance management. Work with Bacillus thuringiensis and insect pest management is the exception to the relative paucity of reports but will not be the focus of this review.

scholarly journals Efficacy of integrated pest management tools evaluated against Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) on tomato in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-270
Author(s):  
V Sridhar ◽  
S Onkara naik ◽  
K.S Nitin ◽  
R Ashokan ◽  
P Swathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Tuta Absoluta ◽  
Management Tools

scholarly journals Vibrational Communication of Scolypopa australis (Walker, 1851) (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae)—Towards a Novel Sustainable Pest Management Tool

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Nicola Jayne Sullivan ◽  
Sabina Avosani ◽  
Ruth C. Butler ◽  
Lloyd D. Stringer
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Pair Formation ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Laser Vibrometer ◽  
Vibrational Communication ◽  
Sustainable Pest Management ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Male Calling ◽  
Single Insect

A study was undertaken to determine whether Scolypopa australis, the passionvine hopper, communicates using substrate-borne vibrations, as its use of such signals for communication is currently unknown. This insect is a costly pest to the kiwifruit industry in New Zealand, where few pest management tools can be used during the growing season. Vibrations emitted by virgin females and males of S. australis released alone on leaves of Griselinia littoralis were recorded with a laser vibrometer to identify and characterise potential spontaneous calling signals produced by either sex. In addition to single-insect trials, preliminary tests were conducted with female–male pair trials to determine whether individuals exchanged signals. The signal repertoire of S. australis includes a male calling signal and two female calling signals. However, no evidence of duetting behaviour that is potentially necessary for pair formation has been found to date. Our outcome suggests that a deeper understanding of the role of vibrational communication employed by S. australis is needed, and by disclosing the pair formation process, a new residue-free pest management tool against this pest may be developed. In addition, this vibration-based tool could contribute to future biosecurity preparedness and response initiatives.

The development of target-specific vertebrate pest management tools for complex faunal communities

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Bengsen ◽  
Luke K.-P. Leung ◽  
Steven J. Lapidge ◽  
Iain J. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Faunal Communities ◽  
Vertebrate Pest

scholarly journals Pesticide Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Among Small-Scale Hmong Farmers in the San Joaquin Valley of California

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia Thao ◽  
Nancy Burke ◽  
Sandie Ha ◽  
Andrea Joyce
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
San Joaquin Valley ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Specialty Crops ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Exposure Pathway ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Abstract A survey was conducted to assess the pesticide knowledge, attitudes, and practices of small-scale Hmong farmers in the Fresno area of the San Joaquin Valley of California. Hmong farmers in this region were found to cultivate 35 crops, most of which were Asian specialty crops with economic significance. The majority of farmers used pesticides on their farms, primarily to control diseases and insects. Long beans and sweet peas were perceived to require more pesticides than other crops. Participants were aware of pesticide-related health risks, yet 71% had no formal education. Most participants used proper personal protection equipment (PPE) and followed safe application practices, yet 84% reported that they wear work clothing from the farm into their home, which could contribute to the take home pesticide exposure pathway. Seventy-five percent of participants were not familiar with the concept of integrated pest management (IPM) as a formal pest management practice; however, many participants were using some components of IPM such as crop rotation. Nearly all participants (96%) requested more pesticide safety training be made available in Hmong. This study contributes to the understanding of potential pesticide exposure and health risks of Hmong farmers in the San Joaquin Valley of California, and the need for additional pest management training for the community.

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