scholarly journals The Cylindrical Inclusion Gene of Turnip mosaic virus Encodes a Pathogenic Determinant to the Brassica Resistance Gene TuRB01

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1102-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Jenner ◽  
F. Sánchez ◽  
S. B. Nettleship ◽  
G. D. Foster ◽  
F. Ponz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Spontaneous Mutation ◽  
Turnip Mosaic Virus ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Cylindrical Inclusion ◽  
Spontaneous Mutant ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Region Gene ◽  
Sequence Comparisons ◽  
Cp Gene

The viral component of Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) determining virulence to the Brassica napus TuRB01 dominant resistance allele has been identified. Sequence comparisons of an infectious cDNA clone of the UK 1 isolate of TuMV (avirulent on TuRB01) and a spontaneous mutant capable of infecting plants possessing TuRB01 suggested that a single nucleotide change in the cylindrical inclusion (CI) protein coding region (gene) of the virus was responsible for the altered phenotype. A second spontaneous mutation involved a different change in the CI gene. The construction of chimeric genomes and subsequent inoculations to plant lines segregating for TuRB01 confirmed the involvement of the CI gene in this interaction. Site-directed mutagenesis of the viral coat protein (CP) gene at the ninth nucleotide was carried out to investigate its interaction with TuRB01. The identity of this nucleotide in the CP gene did not affect the outcome of the viral infection. Both mutations identified in the CI gene caused amino acid changes in the C terminal third of the protein, outside any of the conserved sequences reported to be associated with helicase or cell-to-cell transport activities. This is the first example of a potyvirus CI gene acting as a determinant for a genotype-specific resistance interaction.

scholarly journals A Begomovirus Associated with Leaf Curling and Chlorosis of Soybean in Sinaloa, Mexico is Related to Pepper golden mosaic virus

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Méndez-Lozano ◽  
E. Quintero-Zamora ◽  
M. P. Barbosa-Jasso ◽  
N. E. Leyva-López ◽  
J. A. Garzón-Tiznado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coat Protein ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Intergenic Region ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Nucleotide Identity ◽  
Homologous Region ◽  
Degenerate Primers ◽  
Sequence Comparisons ◽  
Leaf Curling ◽  
Cp Gene

Since June 2001, symptoms of yellowing, leaf curling, crumpling, and stunted growth were observed on soybean (Glycine max Merr.) plants in Sinaloa, Mexico. These symptoms and the presence of whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius) in the affected fields suggested a viral etiology. Samples from symptomatic plants were collected from commercial fields and analyzed for the presence of begomoviruses using DNA hybridization, and as a probe, the DNA A of Pepper huasteco virus at low stringency (2). Thirty-five positive samples were subsequently used for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification with the degenerate primers RepMot and CPMot (1). These primers direct the amplification of a DNA A segment comprising the entire intergenic region (IR) and the first 210 bp of the coat protein (CP) gene, which is highly variable in size and nucleotide sequence among begomoviruses. PCR products were obtained for 25 of 35 samples and five of these were cloned into the pGEM-T easy vector (Promega, Madison, WI) and sequenced. The 571-bp DNA sequence (GenBank Accession No. AY905553) was compared with sequences of other begomoviruses in GenBank using the Clustal alignment method (MegAlign, DNASTAR software, London). The sequence was 74 and 70% identical to the Pepper golden mosaic virus (PepGMV; GenBank Accession No. U57457) and Cabbage leaf curl virus (CaLCuV; GenBank Accession No. U65529) sequences, respectively. Interestingly, the partial coat protein gene sequence (210 nt) of this soybean-infecting virus was 98% identical to the CP gene of Tobacco apical stunt virus (TbASV; GenBank Accession No. AF076855). Nonetheless, the known sequence of TbASV intergenic region (GenBank Accession No. AF077744) is very different from the homologous region of the soybean virus (34% of nucleotide identity). Analysis of the soybean virus intergenic region revealed that it harbors almost identical iterons (i.e., Rep-binding sites) to PepGMV, suggesting a close relationship between these two viruses. Soybean-infecting geminiviruses have been previously reported only from Asia; however, the partial sequence of a begomovirus isolated from soybean in Brazil was recently deposited in Genbank (Accession No. AY436328). Sequence comparisons between the Brazilian and Mexican isolates showed these viruses are less related with a nucleotide identity of 46%. Taken together, our data indicate that the virus identified in this study might be either a different strain of PepGMV adapted to leguminous plants or a new begomovirus species. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a begomovirus infecting soybean in Mexico. References: (1) J. T. Ascencio-Ibañez et al. Plant Dis. 86:692, 2002. (2) J. Méndez-Lozano et al. Phytopathology 93:270, 2003.

scholarly journals An important determinant of the ability of Turnip mosaic virus to infect Brassica spp. and/or Raphanus sativus is in its P3 protein

2004 ◽  
Vol 85 (7) ◽  
pp. 2087-2098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriko Suehiro ◽  
Tomohide Natsuaki ◽  
Tomoko Watanabe ◽  
Seiichi Okuda
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Turnip Mosaic Virus ◽  
Progeny Virus ◽  
Cdna Clones ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Terminal Sequence ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Chlorotic Mottle

Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV, genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae) infects mainly cruciferous plants. Isolates Tu-3 and Tu-2R1 of TuMV exhibit different infection phenotypes in cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) and Japanese radish (Raphanus sativus L.). Infectious full-length cDNA clones, pTuC and pTuR1, were constructed from isolates Tu-3 and Tu-2R1, respectively. Progeny virus derived from infections with pTuC induced systemic chlorotic and ringspot symptoms in infected cabbage, but no systemic infection in radish. Virus derived from plants infected with pTuR1 induced a mild chlorotic mottle in cabbage and infected radish systemically to induce mosaic symptoms. By exchanging genome fragments between the two virus isolates, the P3-coding region was shown to be responsible for systemic infection by TuMV and the symptoms it induces in cabbage and radish. Moreover, exchanges of smaller parts of the P3 region resulted in recombinants that induced complex infection phenotypes, especially the combination of pTuC-derived N-terminal sequence and pTuR1-derived C-terminal sequence. Analysis by tissue immunoblotting of the inoculated leaves showed that the distributions of P3-chimeric viruses differed from those of the parents, and that the origin of the P3 components affected not only virus accumulation, but also long-distance movement. These results suggest that the P3 protein is an important factor in the infection cycle of TuMV and in determining the host range of this and perhaps other potyviruses.

scholarly journals Analysis of Soybean mosaic virus genetic diversity in Iran allows the characterization of a new mutation resulting in overcoming Rsv4-resistance

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (11) ◽  
pp. 2557-2568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akbar Ahangaran ◽  
Mina Koohi Habibi ◽  
Gholam-Hossein Mosahebi Mohammadi ◽  
Stephan Winter ◽  
Fernando García-Arenal
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Sequence Comparisons ◽  
Strong Negative Selection

The genetic variation and population structure of Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) in Iran was analysed through the characterization of a set of isolates collected in the soybean-growing provinces of Iran. The partial nucleotide sequence of these isolates showed a single, undifferentiated population with low genetic diversity, highly differentiated from other SMV world populations. These traits are compatible with a population bottleneck associated with the recent introduction of SMV in Iran. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that SMV was introduced into Iran from East Asia, with at least three introduction events. The limited genetic diversification of SMV in Iran may be explained by strong negative selection in most viral genes eliminating the majority of mutations, together with recombination purging deleterious mutations. The pathogenicity of Iranian SMV isolates was typified on a set of soybean differential lines either susceptible or carrying different resistance genes or alleles to SMV. Two pathotypes were distinguished according to the ability to overcome Rsv4 resistance in line V94-5152. Amino acid sequence comparisons of virulent and avirulent isolates on V94-5152 (Rsv4), plus site-directed mutagenesis in a biologically active cDNA clone, identified mutation S1053N in the P3 protein as the determinant for virulence on V94-5152. Codon 1053 was shown to be under positive selection, and S1053N-determined Rsv4-virulence occurred in isolates with different genealogies. The V94-5152 (Rsv4)-virulence determinant in Iranian isolates maps into a different amino acid position in the P3 protein than those previously reported, indicating different evolutionary pathways towards resistance breaking that might be conditioned by sequence context.

scholarly journals First Report and Partial Molecular Characterization of a New Begomovirus Associated with Pigeon Pea in Puerto Rico

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (10) ◽  
pp. 1119-1119
Author(s):  
R. L. Rodriguez ◽  
S. Hong ◽  
D. P. Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Primer ◽  
Sequence Comparisons ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Cp Gene ◽  
Gene Polymerase Chain Reaction

Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) is an important edible legume crop in Puerto Rico. In late fall 1997, symptoms of a golden mosaic virus were observed in a pigeon pea planting in the municipality of Villalba. The symptoms resembled those incited by the Rhynchosia mosaic virus, a whitefly-transmitted virus, in pigeon pea (1). Tests with the 3F7 antigeminivirus antibody from Agdia (Elkhart, IN) confirmed the presence of a begomovirus in these symptomatic pigeon peas. Extraction of DNA from dried symptomatic foliar tissue was accomplished by the methods described in Rojas et al. (2), and subsequent viral DNA amplification was accomplished with the coat protein (CP) gene polymerase chain reaction primer pair AV494-AC1048 (3). A 550-bp fragment was cloned and sequenced (GenBank Accession No. AY028308). For sequence analysis, the BLAST program at the National Institutes of Health was used. The first match was 91% with the CP gene sequence (Accession No. AF070924) of a begomovirus from Clitoria falcata from Puerto Rico. The next three matches were approximately 86% with a begomovirus (accession no. AF058024) from Macroptilium lathyroides from Puerto Rico, Dicliptera yellow mottle virus (Accession No. AF139168) from Florida, and Tobacco apical stunt virus (Accession No. AF076855) from Mexico. On the basis of sequence analysis of this conserved region of the CP gene, it is concluded that the virus described in this report is a new virus, and thus named Pigeon pea golden mosaic virus. The only sequence for a begomovirus from a Rhynchosia sp. in GenBank is Rhynchosia golden mosaic virus from Honduras (accession no. AF239671). On the basis of sequence comparisons, the virus from pigeon pea is not an isolate of the Honduran Rhynchosia golden mosaic virus. References: (1) J. Bird et al. 1975. Pages 3–25 in: Tropical Diseases of Legumes. J. Bird and K. Maramorosch, eds. Academic Press, NY. (2) M. R. Rojas et al. Plant Dis. 77:340, 1993. (3) S. D. Wyatt and J. K. Brown. Phytopathology. 86:1288, 1996.

scholarly journals Identification of Soybean mosaic virus Strains by RT-PCR/RFLP Analysis of Cylindrical Inclusion Coding Region

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 641-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yul-Ho Kim ◽  
Ok-Sun Kim ◽  
Jae-Hwan Roh ◽  
Jung-Kyung Moon ◽  
Soo-In Sohn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Cylindrical Inclusion ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Strain Identification ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Pcr Rflp

A reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism (RT-PCR/RFLP) was employed successfully for detection and identification of Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) strains. A primer pair amplifying a 1,385-bp fragment of the cylindrical inclusion (CI) coding region was used for RT-PCR and the RFLP profiles of the RT-PCR products were compared after restriction digestion with RsaI, EcoRI, or AccI restriction endonucleases. These enzymes were chosen based on the nucleotide sequences of SMV strains G2, G5, G5H, G7, and G7H in the CI coding region. These five strains, as well as seedborne SMV isolates from local soybean cultivars, could be differentiated by RT-PCR/RFLP analysis. The results correlated well with strain identification by symptom phenotypes produced on differential cultivars inoculated with strains and isolates. The sensitivity of RT-PCR enabled detection of SMV from plants with necrotic symptoms in which the number of virus particles was too low to be detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

scholarly journals Characterization and Genetic Variation of Sugarcane Streak Mosaic Virus, a Poacevirus Infecting Sugarcane in Thailand

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweena Kasemsin ◽  
Pissawan Chiemsombat ◽  
Ratchanee Hongprayoon
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Virus Isolate ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Sequence Comparisons ◽  
Coding Regions ◽  
Cp Gene ◽  
Random Samples ◽  
Disease Surveys

<p>Sugarcane disease surveys were conducted from 2010 to 2014 at major sugarcane growing areas in 5 provinces (Nakhon Pathom, Kanchanaburi, Udon Thani, Khon Kaen, Nakhon Ratchasima) and germplasm collection fields. Random samples of the virus-like sugarcane leaves obtained from the surveyed areas suggested yellow streak mosaic symptoms. Direct antigen coating ELISA using locally produced SCSMV antiserum, revealed widespread incidence of SCSMV in the major sugarcane growing areas and the germplasm collection fields, ranging from 43.48-90.91% and 54.17-100% respectively. The virus isolate from sugarcane in Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom, designated as THA-NP3, was characterized by genomic sequencing. Complete genome of THA-NP3 (JN163911) contained 9,781 nucleotides, excluding 3¢ Poly (A) tail which encoded a polyprotein of 3,130 amino acid residues comprising 10 functional proteins, namely P1, HC-Pro, P3, 6K1, CI, 6K2, NIa-VPg, NIa-Pro, NIb and CP. Sequence comparisons revealed that THA-NP3 showed 97.84% nucleotide identity to JP2 (JF488065) from China and 81.39-97.78% nucleotide identities to other recorded SCSMV sequences. Detection for the presence of CP gene by RT-PCR indicated 1094 bp containing 846 bp of the CP coding region. Analysis of the CP gene revealed genetic variation of 58 Thai SCSMV isolates, 86.17-100% nucleotide identities among them and 85.70-99.29% nucleotide identities to SCSMV isolates from other countries. Recombination events existed in the CP coding regions between two distinct sub-populations, the germplasm isolates and the farmers’ field isolates. These results suggested the incidence of SCSMV variants between the farmers’ fields and the germplasm collection fields.   <strong></strong></p>

scholarly journals Mutations in Turnip mosaic virus P3 and Cylindrical Inclusion Proteins Are Separately Required to Overcome Two Brassica napus Resistance Genes

Virology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 300 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol E. Jenner ◽  
Kenta Tomimura ◽  
Kazusato Ohshima ◽  
Sara L. Hughes ◽  
John A. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Turnip Mosaic Virus ◽  
Cylindrical Inclusion

scholarly journals Key Mutations in the Cylindrical Inclusion Involved in Lettuce mosaic virus Adaptation to eIF4E-Mediated Resistance in Lettuce

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1014-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sorel ◽  
L. Svanella-Dumas ◽  
T. Candresse ◽  
G. Acelin ◽  
A. Pitarch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Translation Initiation Factor ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Cylindrical Inclusion ◽  
Initiation Factor ◽  
Lettuce Mosaic Virus ◽  
Resistance Breaking ◽  
C Terminus ◽  
A Genome ◽  
The Impact

We previously showed that allelic genes mo11 and mo12 used to protect lettuce crops against Lettuce mosaic virus (LMV) correspond to mutant alleles of the gene encoding the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E. LMV resistance-breaking determinants map not only to the main potyvirus virulence determinant, a genome-linked viral protein, but also to the C-terminal region of the cylindrical inclusion (CI), with a key role of amino acid at position 621. Here, we show that the propagation of several non-lettuce isolates of LMV in mo11 plants is accompanied by a gain of virulence correlated with the presence in the CI C terminus of a serine at position 617 and the accumulation of mutations at positions 602 or 627. Whole-genome sequencing of native and evolved isolates showed that no other mutation could be associated with adaptation to mo1 resistance. Site-directed mutagenesis pinpointed the key role in the virulence of the combination of mutations at positions 602 and 617, in addition to position 621. The impact of these mutations on the fitness of the virus was evaluated, suggesting that the durability of mo1 resistance in the field relies on the fitness cost associated with the resistance-breaking mutations, the nature of the mutations, and their potential antagonistic effects.

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