scholarly journals Susceptibility and Symptom Development in Arabidopsis thaliana to Tobacco mosaic virus Is Influenced by Virus Cell-to-Cell Movement

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1139-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher D. Dardick ◽  
Sheetal Golem ◽  
James N. Culver
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Systemic Movement ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Symptom Phenotype ◽  
Dominant Genes

To identify host factors that regulate susceptibility to Tobacco mosaic virus(TMV), 14 Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes were screened for their ability to support TMV systemic movement. The susceptibility phenotypes observed included one ecotype that permitted rapid TMV movement accompanied by symptoms, nine ecotypes that allowed a slower intermediate rate of systemic movement without symptoms, and four ecotypes that allowed little or no systemic TMV movement. Molecular comparisons between ecotypes representing the rapid (Shahdara), intermediate (Col-1), and slow (Tsu-1) movement phenotypes revealed a positive correlation between the ability of TMV to move cell to cell and its speed of systemic movement. Additionally, protoplasts prepared from all three ecotypes supported similar levels of TMV replication, indicating that viral replication did not account for differences in systemic movement. Furthermore, induction of the pathogenesis-related genes PR-1 and PR-5 occurred only in the highly susceptible ecotype Shahdara, demonstrating that reduced local and systemic movement in Col-1 and Tsu-1 was not due to the activation of known host defense responses. Genetic analysis of F2 progeny derived from crosses made between Shahdara and Tsu-1 or Col-1 and Tsu-1 showed the faster cell-to-cell movement phenotypes of Shahdara and Col-1 segregated as single dominant genes. In addition, the Shahdara symptom phenotype segregated independently as a single recessive gene. Taken together, these findings suggest that, within Arabidopsis ecotypes, at least two genes modulate susceptibility to TMV.

scholarly journals Genetic and histological studies on the delayed systemic movement of Tobacco Mosaic Virus in Arabidopsis thaliana

BMC Genetics ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Serrano ◽  
Javiera González-Cruz ◽  
Francisca Jauregui ◽  
Consuelo Medina ◽  
Pablo Mancilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Systemic Movement

scholarly journals Light Quantity and Photosystem Function Mediate Host Susceptibility to Turnip mosaic virus Via a Salicylic Acid–Independent Mechanism

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Manfre ◽  
M. Glenn ◽  
A. Nuñez ◽  
R. A. Moreau ◽  
C. Dardick
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Turnip Mosaic Virus ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Systemic Movement ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Light Deficiency

Evidence going as far back as the early part of the 20th century suggests that both light and chloroplast function may play key roles in host susceptibility to viruses. Despite the long history of such work, confirmation of these phenomena and a determination of the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we revisited these questions using modern imaging technologies to study the susceptibility of Nicotiana benthamiana to Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV). We found that both light deficiency and photosystem impairment increased the susceptibility of N. benthamiana to TuMV infection. Time-lapse photography studies indicated that, under these conditions, rub-inoculated plants exhibited greater numbers of infection foci and more rapid foci development. The rate of systemic movement was also accelerated though cell-to-cell movement appeared unchanged. Inhibition of salicylic acid (SA)-mediated defense responses is not likely responsible for changes in susceptibility because SA and pathogen response-1 gene induction were not affected by light deficiency or chloroplast impairment and treatment of plants with SA had no measureable impact on TuMV infection. Taken together, these data suggest that both light and optimal chloroplast function influence virus infection either by limiting the cellular resources needed by TuMV to establish replication complexes or the host's ability to activate SA-independent defenses.

scholarly journals Tobacco mosaic virus: a pioneer to cell–to–cell movement

1999 ◽  
Vol 354 (1383) ◽  
pp. 637-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitaly Citovsky
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Movement Protein ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Viral Movement Protein ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Rna Complexes

Cell–to–cell movement of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is used to illustrate macromolecular traffic through plant intercellular connections, the plasmodesmata. This transport process is mediated by a specialized viral movement protein, P30. In the initially infected cell, P30 is produced by transcription of a subgenomic RNA derived from the invading virus. Presumably, P30 then associates with a certain proportion of the viral RNA molecules, sequestering them from replication and mediating their transport into neighbouring uninfected host cells. This nucleoprotein complex is targeted to plasmodesmata, possibly via interaction with the host cell cytoskeleton. Prior to passage through a plasmodesma, the plasmodesmal channel is dilated by the movement protein. It is proposed that targeting of P30–TMV RNA complexes to plasmodesmata involves binding to a specific cell wall–associated receptor molecule. In addition, a cell wall–associated protein kinase, phosphorylates P30 at its carboxy–terminus and minimizes P30–induced interference with plasmodesmatal permeability during viral infection.

scholarly journals Function of the 30 kd protein of tobacco mosaic virus: involvement in cell-to-cell movement and dispensability for replication

1987 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 2557-2563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuo Meshi ◽  
Yuichiro Watanabe ◽  
Tetsuichiro Saito ◽  
Asako Sugimoto ◽  
Tatsuya Maeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Cell Movement

scholarly journals Actin Cytoskeleton Is Involved in Targeting of a Viral Hsp70 Homolog to the Cell Periphery

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (22) ◽  
pp. 14421-14428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey I. Prokhnevsky ◽  
Valera V. Peremyslov ◽  
Valerian V. Dolja
Keyword(s):  
Actin Cytoskeleton ◽  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Movement Protein ◽  
Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Cell Periphery ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Shock Proteins

ABSTRACT The cell-to-cell movement of plant viruses involves translocation of virus particles or nucleoproteins to and through the plasmodesmata (PDs). As we have shown previously, the movement of the Beet yellows virus requires the concerted action of five viral proteins including a homolog of cellular ∼70-kDa heat shock proteins (Hsp70h). Hsp70h is an integral component of the virus particles and is also found in PDs of the infected cells. Here we investigate subcellular distribution of Hsp70h using transient expression of Hsp70h fused to three spectrally distinct fluorescent proteins. We found that fluorophore-tagged Hsp70h forms motile granules that are associated with actin microfilaments, but not with microtubules. In addition, immobile granules were observed at the cell periphery. A pairwise appearance of these granules at the opposite sides of cell walls and their colocalization with the movement protein of Tobacco mosaic virus indicated an association of Hsp70h with PDs. Treatment with various cytoskeleton-specific drugs revealed that the intact actomyosin motility system is required for trafficking of Hsp70h in cytosol and its targeting to PDs. In contrast, none of the drugs interfered with the PD localization of Tobacco mosaic virus movement protein. Collectively, these findings suggest that Hsp70h is translocated and anchored to PDs in association with the actin cytoskeleton.

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