scholarly journals Mating-Type Genes from Asexual Phytopathogenic Ascomycetes Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria alternata

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1330-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsutomu Arie ◽  
Isao Kaneko ◽  
Takanobu Yoshida ◽  
Masami Noguchi ◽  
Yoshikuni Nomura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Hmg Box ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Mating Type Genes ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Flanking Regions ◽  
Mat Genes

Mating-type (MAT) loci were cloned from two asexual (mitosporic) phytopathogenic ascomycetes, Fusarium oxysporum (a pyrenomycete) and Alternaria alternata (a loculoascomycete), by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based strategy. The conserved high mobility group (HMG) box domain found in the MAT1-2-1 protein was used as a starting point for cloning and sequencing the entire MAT1-2 idiomorph plus flanking regions. Primer pairs designed to both flanking regions were used to amplify the opposite MAT1-1 idiomorph. The MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 idiomorphs were approximately 4.6 and 3.8 kb in F. oxysporum and approximately 1.9 and 2.2 kb in A. alternata, respectively. In both species, the MAT1-1 idiomorph contains at least one gene that encodes a protein with a putative alpha box domain and the MAT1-2 idiomorph contains one gene that encodes a protein with a putative HMG box domain. MAT-specific primers were used to assess the mating type of F. oxysporum and A. alternata field isolates by PCR. MAT genes from A. alternata were expressed. The A. alternata genes were confirmed to be functional in a close sexual relative, Cochliobolus heterostrophus, by heterologous expression.

scholarly journals Characterization of Mating Type Genes in Aspergillus flavus Populations from Two Locations in Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ouko Abigael ◽  
Okoth Sheila ◽  
Amugune Nelson ◽  
Vesa Joutsjoki
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
High Mobility Group Protein ◽  
Group Protein ◽  
Mating Type Genes ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Mat Genes

In this study, the possibility of sexual reproduction in sampled Aspergillus flavus strains was evaluated by assessing the distribution of mating type (MAT) genes, which are known to control sexual character among fungi, for two counties in Kenya. Forty-four isolates from Nandi and Makueni counties were genotyped by MAT using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay. The primer pair for the MAT1-1 amplified a 396 base pair (bp) fragment containing an α-box motif, and MAT1-2 primers targeted a 270 bp segment with a high mobility group protein. The MAT1-2 genes dominated in both regions although the frequency was higher in Nandi (75%) than in Makueni (54.17%). There were no MAT1-1 genes sampled in Nandi, and in Makueni their proportion was 15.91%. The percentage of isolates that amplified for both MAT genes in Makueni was 9.09%, while in Nandi it was 11.36%. Currently, use of aggressive aflatoxin non-producing A. flavus strains as biocontrol is the most promising preharvest aflatoxin control strategy in Kenya. However, we address the possibility of introduced biocontrol strains to breed with existing aflatoxin producing strains in nature, which could lead to the generation of A. flavus offspring capable of aflatoxin production while also being aggressive colonizers and possibly increasing the burden of aflatoxin exposure in food.

scholarly journals Mating Type Sequences in Asexually Reproducing Fusarium Species

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 4419-4423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Kerényi ◽  
Antonio Moretti ◽  
Cees Waalwijk ◽  
Brigitta Oláh ◽  
László Hornok
Keyword(s):  
Mating Type ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Inverse Pcr ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Mating Types ◽  
Hmg Box ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mating Type Genes

ABSTRACT To assess the potential for mating in several Fusarium species with no known sexual stage, we developed degenerate and semidegenerate oligonucleotide primers to identify conserved mating type (MAT) sequences in these fungi. The putative α and high-mobility-group (HMG) box sequences from Fusarium avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. poae, and F. semitectum were compared to similar sequences that were described previously for other members of the genus. The DNA sequences of the regions flanking the amplified MAT regions were obtained by inverse PCR. These data were used to develop diagnostic primers suitable for the clear amplification of conserved mating type sequences from any member of the genus Fusarium. By using these diagnostic primers, we identified mating types of 122 strains belonging to 22 species of Fusarium. The α box and the HMG box from the mating type genes are transcribed in F. avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. poae, and F. semitectum. The novelty of the PCR-based mating type identification system that we developed is that this method can be used on a wide range of Fusarium species, which have proven or expected teleomorphs in different ascomycetous genera, including Calonectria, Gibberella, and Nectria.

Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification for Rapid Detection of Mating Types of Villosiclava virens

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiayan Pan ◽  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Junjie Yu ◽  
Mina Yu ◽  
Huijuan Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mating Type ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Lamp Assay ◽  
Isothermal Amplification ◽  
Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification ◽  
Villosiclava Virens ◽  
False Smut ◽  
Mating Type Genes ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Rice false smut (RFS), caused by Villosiclava virens, is an important fungal disease in panicle of rice. V. virens is a heterothallic ascomycete that controlled by two opposite idiomorphs, MAT1-1 and MAT1-2. Previous study showed sexual reproduction of V. virens plays an important role in the epidemic of RFS. In this study, we have developed a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay to detect mating type of V. virens easily and rapidly by using specific primers designed on the mating type genes MAT1-1-2 and MAT1-2-1, respectively. The LAMP assay required only a water/dry bath and could recognize the mating type of V. virens in just 45 min. The LAMP assay was so sensitive that could detect small amounts of V. virens genomic DNA (as low as 2.0 pg of MAT1-1, and 200.0 pg of MAT1-2), which was 10-fold more sensitive than polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In addition, the application of mating type using LAMP assay was demonstrated feasibly by assessing the genomic DNA of V. virens isolated from rice fields. The high efficiency and specificity of this LAMP assay suggested it can be used as a rapid testing tool in mating type recognition of V. virens isolates in the field.

scholarly journals Structure of the SAD mutation and the location of control sites at silent mating type genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

1984 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 1278-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Hicks ◽  
J Strathern ◽  
A Klar ◽  
S Ismail ◽  
J Broach
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Flanking Sequences ◽  
Mating Type Genes ◽  
Weak Expression ◽  
The Right ◽  
Flanking Regions

The SAD mutation, an extra mating type cassette, has been shown to arise from an unequal mitotic crossover between the MAT and HMR loci, resulting in the formation of a hybrid cassette and a duplication of the MAT-HMR interval. The SAD cassette contains the "a" information and left-hand flanking regions from the parental HMRa cassette and the right-hand flanking sequences of the parental MAT cassette. This arrangement of flanking sequences causes a leaky but reproducible mating phenotype correlated with a low-level expression of the cassette as measured by RNA blotting. This weak expression is attributed to the loss of one flanking control site normally present at the silent HM storage loci.

Detection and phylogenetic analysis of mating type genes ofOphiosphaerella korrae

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Hsiang ◽  
Fajun Chen ◽  
Paul H Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Mating Type ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Total Evidence ◽  
Bootstrap Support ◽  
Evidence Analysis ◽  
Mating Type Genes ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Leptosphaeria Korrae ◽  
Ophiosphaerella Korrae ◽  
Basal Position

Portions of the mating type genes from Ophiosphaerella korrae (J. Walker & A.M. Smith) R.A. Shoemaker (=Leptosphaeria korrae J. Walker & A.M. Smith), a pathogenic fungus of grasses, were examined by PCR (polymerase chain reaction). For nine isolates of O. korrae from North America, both mating type genes were amplified, demonstrating that both MAT idiomorphs are detectable in this homothallic ascomycete. Amplified fragments from three isolates were sequenced, and parsimony analyses of MAT1 nucleotide and protein sequences placed O. korrae in the basal position of a clade of Phaeosphaeriaceae and Pleosporaceae, whereas the MAT2 nucleotide and protein data placed O. korrae in a clade with Pleosporaceae. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 18S ribosomal DNA of O. korrae were also sequenced. The 18S sequences had insufficient variability to resolve the placement of O. korrae, whereas the ITS data placed it in Phaeosphaeriaceae. A total evidence analysis of Dothideomycetes with 18S, ITS, and MAT data placed O. korrae alongside Phaeosphaeria species, with moderate bootstrap support. However, the Kishino–Hasegawa test did not demonstrate this topology to be significantly different from one where O. korrae was placed with Pleosporales. Although O. korrae does not belong in Leptosphaeria based on ITS data, MAT data do not strongly support its placement in Phaeosphaeriaceae.Key words: ascomycetes, mating type genes, ribosomal genes, taxonomy.

scholarly journals Functional analyses of the Neurospora crassa MT a-1 mating type polypeptide.

Genetics ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
pp. 715-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
M L Philley ◽  
C Staben
Keyword(s):  
Dna Binding ◽  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Binding Motif ◽  
Vegetative Incompatibility ◽  
Hmg Box

Abstract The Neurospora crassa mt a-1 gene, encoding the MT a-1 polypeptide, determines a mating type properties: sexual compatibility and vegetative incompatibility with A mating type. We characterized in vivo and in vitro functions of the MT a-1 polypeptide and specific mutant derivatives. MT a-1 polypeptide produced in Escherichia coli bound to specific DNA sequences whose core was 5'-CTTTG-3'. DNA binding was a function of the MT a-1 HMG box domain (a DNA binding motif found in high mobility group proteins and a diverse set of regulatory proteins). Mutation within the HMG box eliminated DNA binding in vitro and eliminated mating in vivo, but did not interfere with vegetative incompatibility function in vivo. Conversely, deletion of amino acids 216-220 of MT a-1 eliminated vegetative incompatibility, but did not affect mating or DNA binding. Deletion of the carboxyl terminal half of MT a-1 eliminated both mating and vegetative incompatibility in vivo, but not DNA binding in vitro. These results suggest that mating depends upon the ability of MT a-1 polypeptide to bind to, and presumably to regulate the activity of, specific DNA sequences. However, the separation of vegetative incompatibility from both mating and DNA binding indicates that vegetative incompatibility functions by a biochemically distinct mechanism.

scholarly journals DNA Sequence Characterization and Molecular Evolution of MAT1 and MAT2 Mating-Type Loci of the Self-Compatible Ascomycete Mold Neosartorya fischeri

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 868-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Rydholm ◽  
P. S. Dyer ◽  
F. Lutzoni
Keyword(s):  
Mating Type ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Functional Explanation ◽  
Sequence Characterization ◽  
Neosartorya Fischeri ◽  
Self Fertilization ◽  
Opportunistic Human Pathogen ◽  
Flanking Regions ◽  
Genome Comparisons

ABSTRACT Degenerate PCR and chromosome-walking approaches were used to identify mating-type (MAT) genes and flanking regions from the homothallic (sexually self-fertile) euascomycete fungus Neosartorya fischeri, a close relative of the opportunistic human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. Both putative alpha- and high-mobility-group-domain MAT genes were found within the same genome, providing a functional explanation for self-fertility. However, unlike those in many homothallic euascomycetes (Pezizomycotina), the genes were not found adjacent to each other and were termed MAT1 and MAT2 to recognize the presence of distinct loci. Complete copies of putative APN1 (DNA lyase) and SLA2 (cytoskeleton assembly control) genes were found bordering the MAT1 locus. Partial copies of APN1 and SLA2 were also found bordering the MAT2 locus, but these copies bore the genetic hallmarks of pseudogenes. Genome comparisons revealed synteny over at least 23,300 bp between the N. fischeri MAT1 region and the A. fumigatus MAT locus region, but no such long-range conservation in the N. fischeri MAT2 region was evident. The sequence upstream of MAT2 contained numerous candidate transposase genes. These results demonstrate a novel means involving the segmental translocation of a chromosomal region by which the ability to undergo self-fertilization may be acquired. The results are also discussed in relation to their significance in indicating that heterothallism may be ancestral within the Aspergillus section Fumigati.

scholarly journals Mating-Type Gene Structure and Spatial Distribution of Didymella tanaceti in Pyrethrum Fields

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (12) ◽  
pp. 1521-1529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamieka L. Pearce ◽  
Jason B. Scott ◽  
Frank S. Hay ◽  
Sarah J. Pethybridge
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
Mating Types ◽  
Tanacetum Cinerariifolium ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Type Gene ◽  
Mat Genes

Tan spot of pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium) is caused by the ascomycete Didymella tanaceti. To assess the evolutionary role of ascospores in the assumed asexual species, the structure and arrangement of mating-type (MAT) genes were examined. A single MAT1-1 or MAT1-2 idiomorph was identified in all isolates examined, indicating that the species is heterothallic. The idiomorphs were flanked upstream and downstream by regions encoding pyridoxamine phosphate oxidase-like and DNA lyase-like proteins, respectively. A multiplex MAT-specific polymerase chain reaction assay was developed and used to genotype 325 isolates collected within two transects in each of four fields in Tasmania, Australia. The ratio of isolates of each mating-type in each transect was consistent with a 1:1 ratio. The spatial distribution of the isolates of the two mating-types within each transect was random for all except one transect for MAT1-1 isolates, indicating that clonal patterns of each mating-type were absent. However, evidence of a reduced selection pressure on MAT1-1 isolates was observed, with a second haplotype of the MAT1-1-1 gene identified in 4.4% of MAT1-1 isolates. In vitro crosses between isolates with opposite mating-types failed to produce ascospores. Although the sexual morph could not be induced, the occurrence of both mating-types in equal frequencies suggested that a cryptic sexual mode of reproduction may occur within field populations.

scholarly journals Molecular Identification of Mating Type Genes in Asexually Reproducing Fusarium Oxysporum and F. Culmorum

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Irzykowska ◽  
Tomasz Kosiada
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Sexual Stage ◽  
Reproduction Mode ◽  
Successful Control ◽  
Mating Type Genes

Molecular Identification of Mating Type Genes in Asexually ReproducingFusarium OxysporumandF. CulmorumSexually (homothallic and heterothallic) and asexually reproducing species belong to theFusariumgenus. So far, there is no known sexual stage of theF. oxysporumSchlechtend.: Fr. andF. culmorum(W.G. Smith) Sacc. Knowing the reproduction mode is important for the design of successful control strategies, since they are different for clonally and sexually reproducing organisms. In examined sets of asexualF. oxysporumandF. culmorumisolates, the DNA sequences of mating type genes (idiomorphsMAT-1andMAT-2) were identified.MAT-1sequence was detected for 33 and 40% ofF. oxysporumandF. culmorumisolates, respectively. For the remaining isolates a sequence specific forMAT-2was amplified.

scholarly journals Molecular Analysis of pcc1, a Gene That Leads to A-Regulated Sexual Morphogenesis in Coprinus cinereus

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 149 (4) ◽  
pp. 1753-1761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukio Murata ◽  
Motohiro Fujii ◽  
Miriam E Zolan ◽  
Takashi Kamada
Keyword(s):  
Mating Type ◽  
Fruit Body ◽  
Podospora Anserina ◽  
Coprinus Cinereus ◽  
Northern Analysis ◽  
Recessive Mutation ◽  
Hmg Box ◽  
C Terminus ◽  
Developmental Sequences ◽  
Mating Type Genes

Abstract A homokaryotic strain (5337) in our culture stock of Coprinus cinereus produced fertile fruit bodies after prolonged culture. Microscopic examination revealed that hyphae dedifferentiated from the tissues of one of the fruit bodies, as well as all basidiospore derivatives from the fruit body, exhibited pseudoclamps, whereas vegetative hyphae of 5337, from which the fruit body developed, had no clamp connections. Genetic analysis showed that the formation of pseudoclamps results from a recessive mutation in a gene designated pcc1 (pseudoclamp connection formation), which is distinct from the A and B mating type genes. Cloning and sequencing of the pcc1 gene and cDNA identified an ORF of 1683 bp interrupted by one intron. Database searches revealed that pcc1 encodes an SRY-type HMG protein. The HMG box shared 44, 41, and 29% sequence identities (>80 amino acids) to those of FPR1 of Podospora anserina, MAT-Mc of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and prf1 of Ustilago maydis, respectively. Northern analysis revealed that the level of pcc1 expression is higher in the dikaryon, in homokaryons in which the A and B mating type developmental sequences are individually activated, than in the homokaryon in which these sequences are not active. Sequencing of the pcc1-1 mutant allele revealed that the mutant carries a nonsense mutation at serine 211, a residue located between the HMG box and the C terminus. Based on these results, possible roles of the pcc1 gene in the sexual development of homobasidiomycetes are discussed.

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