scholarly journals Molecular Identification of Mating Type Genes in Asexually Reproducing Fusarium Oxysporum and F. Culmorum

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Irzykowska ◽  
Tomasz Kosiada
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Sexual Stage ◽  
Reproduction Mode ◽  
Successful Control ◽  
Mating Type Genes

Molecular Identification of Mating Type Genes in Asexually ReproducingFusarium OxysporumandF. CulmorumSexually (homothallic and heterothallic) and asexually reproducing species belong to theFusariumgenus. So far, there is no known sexual stage of theF. oxysporumSchlechtend.: Fr. andF. culmorum(W.G. Smith) Sacc. Knowing the reproduction mode is important for the design of successful control strategies, since they are different for clonally and sexually reproducing organisms. In examined sets of asexualF. oxysporumandF. culmorumisolates, the DNA sequences of mating type genes (idiomorphsMAT-1andMAT-2) were identified.MAT-1sequence was detected for 33 and 40% ofF. oxysporumandF. culmorumisolates, respectively. For the remaining isolates a sequence specific forMAT-2was amplified.

scholarly journals Mating-Type Genes from Asexual Phytopathogenic Ascomycetes Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria alternata

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1330-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsutomu Arie ◽  
Isao Kaneko ◽  
Takanobu Yoshida ◽  
Masami Noguchi ◽  
Yoshikuni Nomura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Hmg Box ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Mating Type Genes ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Flanking Regions ◽  
Mat Genes

Mating-type (MAT) loci were cloned from two asexual (mitosporic) phytopathogenic ascomycetes, Fusarium oxysporum (a pyrenomycete) and Alternaria alternata (a loculoascomycete), by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based strategy. The conserved high mobility group (HMG) box domain found in the MAT1-2-1 protein was used as a starting point for cloning and sequencing the entire MAT1-2 idiomorph plus flanking regions. Primer pairs designed to both flanking regions were used to amplify the opposite MAT1-1 idiomorph. The MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 idiomorphs were approximately 4.6 and 3.8 kb in F. oxysporum and approximately 1.9 and 2.2 kb in A. alternata, respectively. In both species, the MAT1-1 idiomorph contains at least one gene that encodes a protein with a putative alpha box domain and the MAT1-2 idiomorph contains one gene that encodes a protein with a putative HMG box domain. MAT-specific primers were used to assess the mating type of F. oxysporum and A. alternata field isolates by PCR. MAT genes from A. alternata were expressed. The A. alternata genes were confirmed to be functional in a close sexual relative, Cochliobolus heterostrophus, by heterologous expression.

Global genetic diversity and mating type distribution of Calonectria pauciramosa: an important wide host-range plant pathogen

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
JieQiong Li ◽  
Irene Barnes ◽  
FeiFei Liu ◽  
Mike Wingfield ◽  
ShuaiFei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Reproduction Mode ◽  
Type Distribution ◽  
Plant Hosts ◽  
Global Movement ◽  
Mating Type Genes ◽  
Polymorphic Microsatellite ◽  
Dominant Genotype

The fungal pathogen, Calonectria (Ca.) pauciramosa, has caused serious diseases of many important plants worldwide. Understanding the genetic diversity and mating type distribution of this pathogen provides an essential step towards the development of disease control measures. In this study, we designed 15 polymorphic microsatellite markers using genome sequences of two Ca. pauciramosa isolates having opposite mating type and from different countries. These markers were used to determine the genetic diversity of 145 isolates representing 13 different hosts (12 plant hosts residing in 12 genera, and soil) from 10 countries. In addition, mating type genes were amplified to investigate the reproduction mode of the pathogens in these populations using mating type primers designed for Calonectria spp. Results revealed that a single dominant genotype, isolated from 11 plant genera residing in eight families, was present in seven countries across five continents. Only mating type MAT1-1 or MAT1-2 was amplified in each of the isolates confirming that Ca. pauciramosa is heterothallic. Both mating types were detected in isolates from Eucalyptus in South Africa and Uruguay. The MAT1-2 phenotype was widely distributed in isolates from 12 different hosts (11 plant hosts and soil) collected in 10 countries. Overall, the results suggest that there has been substantial global movement of Ca. pauciramosa, and that this has shaped its current population structure.

scholarly journals Mating Type Sequences in Asexually Reproducing Fusarium Species

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 4419-4423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Kerényi ◽  
Antonio Moretti ◽  
Cees Waalwijk ◽  
Brigitta Oláh ◽  
László Hornok
Keyword(s):  
Mating Type ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Inverse Pcr ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Mating Types ◽  
Hmg Box ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mating Type Genes

ABSTRACT To assess the potential for mating in several Fusarium species with no known sexual stage, we developed degenerate and semidegenerate oligonucleotide primers to identify conserved mating type (MAT) sequences in these fungi. The putative α and high-mobility-group (HMG) box sequences from Fusarium avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. poae, and F. semitectum were compared to similar sequences that were described previously for other members of the genus. The DNA sequences of the regions flanking the amplified MAT regions were obtained by inverse PCR. These data were used to develop diagnostic primers suitable for the clear amplification of conserved mating type sequences from any member of the genus Fusarium. By using these diagnostic primers, we identified mating types of 122 strains belonging to 22 species of Fusarium. The α box and the HMG box from the mating type genes are transcribed in F. avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. poae, and F. semitectum. The novelty of the PCR-based mating type identification system that we developed is that this method can be used on a wide range of Fusarium species, which have proven or expected teleomorphs in different ascomycetous genera, including Calonectria, Gibberella, and Nectria.

scholarly journals Mutations in rik1, clr2, clr3 and clr4 genes asymmetrically derepress the silent mating-type loci in fission yeast.

Genetics ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
K Ekwall ◽  
T Ruusala
Keyword(s):  
Mating Type ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Recessive Mutations ◽  
New Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Active Locus ◽  
Mating Type Genes ◽  
Type Information ◽  
New Mutations ◽  
Silent Mating Type Loci

Abstract In Schizosaccharomyces pombe the mating-type information is stored at two transcriptionally silent loci (mat2 and mat3). The region between these sites (K region) is inert for meiotic crossing over. The mating-type genes (M or P) are expressed only when present at a third, active locus (mat1). We have earlier shown that the positional regulation of P genes is based on repression at the silent site, caused by elements in the flanking DNA sequences. In this study we have mutagenized a sterile mat1 deleted strain and selected for cells that are able to conjugate. Recessive mutations of this type should define genes encoding trans-acting factors involved in repression of the silent mating-type loci. Before this work mutations in two genes, clr1 and swi6, had been shown to allow both expression of the silent loci and recombination in the K region. The sensitivity of the present selection is demonstrated by the isolation of new mutations that derepress one or both of the silent loci (M-mating or bi-mating). The frequency of M-mating mutants was almost two orders of magnitude higher than that of bi-mating mutants and in all mutants analyzed mat3-M expression was significantly higher than mat2-P expression. The mutations define three new genes, clr2, clr3 and clr4. In addition we show that the rik1 mutant previously known to allow recombination in the K region also depresses the silent loci.

scholarly journals Signaling in the Tomato Immunity against Fusarium oxysporum

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1818
Author(s):  
Francisco Hernández-Aparicio ◽  
Purificación Lisón ◽  
Ismael Rodrigo ◽  
José María Bellés ◽  
M. Pilar López-Gresa
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Incompatible Interaction ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Fatty Acid Derivatives ◽  
Resistance Inducers ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interactions

New strategies of control need to be developed with the aim of economic and environmental sustainability in plant and crop protection. Metabolomics is an excellent platform for both understanding the complex plant–pathogen interactions and unraveling new chemical control strategies. GC-MS-based metabolomics, along with a phytohormone analysis of a compatible and incompatible interaction between tomato plants and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, revealed the specific volatile chemical composition and the plant signals associated with them. The susceptible tomato plants were characterized by the over-emission of methyl- and ethyl-salicylate as well as some fatty acid derivatives, along with an activation of salicylic acid and abscisic acid signaling. In contrast, terpenoids, benzenoids, and 2-ethylhexanoic acid were differentially emitted by plants undergoing an incompatible interaction, together with the activation of the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway. In accordance with this response, a higher expression of several genes participating in the biosynthesis of these volatiles, such as MTS1, TomloxC,TomloxD, and AOS, as well as JAZ7, a JA marker gene, was found to be induced by the fungus in these resistant plants. The characterized metabolome of the immune tomato plants could lead to the development of new resistance inducers against Fusarium wilt treatment.

scholarly journals Deletion of the Schizophyllum commune Aα Locus: The Roles of Aα Y and Z Mating-Type Genes

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 144 (4) ◽  
pp. 1437-1444
Author(s):  
C Ian Robertson ◽  
Kirk A Bartholomew ◽  
Charles P Novotny ◽  
Robert C Ullrich
Keyword(s):  
Mating Type ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
Schizophyllum Commune ◽  
Mating Types ◽  
Developmental Pathway ◽  
Mating Type Gene ◽  
Mating Type Genes ◽  
Regulatory Loci ◽  
Type Gene

The Aα locus is one of four master regulatory loci that determine mating type and regulate sexual development in Schizophyllum commune. We have made a plasmid containing a URA1 gene disruption of the Aα Y1 gene. Y1 is the sole Aα gene in Aα1 strains. We used the plasmid construction to produce an Aα null (i.e., AαΔ) strain by replacing the genomic Y1 gene with URA1 in an Aα1 strain. To characterize the role of the Aα genes in the regulation of sexual development, we transformed various Aα Y and Z alleles into AαΔ strains and examined the acquired mating types and mating abilities of the transformants. These experiments demonstrate that the Aα Y gene is not essential for fungal viability and growth, that a solitary Z Aα mating-type gene does not itself activate development, that Aβ proteins are sufficient to activate the A developmental pathway in the absence of Aα proteins and confirm that Y and Z genes are the sole determinants of Aα mating type. The data from these experiments support and refine our model of the regulation of A-pathway events by Y and Z proteins.

Identity and conservation of mating type genes in geographically diverse isolates of Phaeosphaeria nodorum

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.S Bennett ◽  
S.-H Yun ◽  
T.Y Lee ◽  
B.G Turgeon ◽  
E Arseniuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mating Type ◽  
Phaeosphaeria Nodorum ◽  
Mating Type Genes

scholarly journals Cloning and characterization of four SIR genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 688-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Ivy ◽  
A J Klar ◽  
J B Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Blot Analysis ◽  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Genomic Library ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Mating Type Genes ◽  
Rna Blots

Mating type in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is determined by the MAT (a or alpha) locus. HML and HMR, which usually contain copies of alpha and a mating type information, respectively, serve as donors in mating type interconversion and are under negative transcriptional control. Four trans-acting SIR (silent information regulator) loci are required for repression of transcription. A defect in any SIR gene results in expression of both HML and HMR. The four SIR genes were isolated from a genomic library by complementation of sir mutations in vivo. DNA blot analysis suggests that the four SIR genes share no sequence homology. RNA blots indicate that SIR2, SIR3, and SIR4 each encode one transcript and that SIR1 encodes two transcripts. Null mutations, made by replacement of the normal genomic allele with deletion-insertion mutations created in the cloned SIR genes, have a Sir- phenotype and are viable. Using the cloned genes, we showed that SIR3 at a high copy number is able to suppress mutations of SIR4. RNA blot analysis suggests that this suppression is not due to transcriptional regulation of SIR3 by SIR4; nor does any SIR4 gene transcriptionally regulate another SIR gene. Interestingly, a truncated SIR4 gene disrupts regulation of the silent mating type loci. We propose that interaction of at least the SIR3 and SIR4 gene products is involved in regulation of the silent mating type genes.

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