First Report of Carnation mottle virus (CarMV) and Carnation etched ring virus (CERV) in Carnation From Mexico

In November 2003, two Phalaenopsis orchids from two different nurseries with symptoms of chlorotic rings on leaves were observed in Changhua County of central Taiwan. Symptomatic plants were collected and examined for the presence of viruses. Electron microscopic examination of ultrathin sections of leaf tissues from the symptomatic orchids found isometric virions of 32 nm in diameter. Subsequently, an isolate (herein designated as ‘92-orchid-1’) with particles of similar size were isolated from one symptomatic orchid and established in Chenopodium quinoa (3). After indirect ELISA tests using antisera against Carnation mottle virus (CarMV), Cucumber mosaic virus, Cymbidium ringspot virus, Tomato bushy stunt virus, Capsicum chlorosis virus, Impatiens necrotic spot virus, Tomato spotted wilt virus, Tomato ringspot virus, and Lisianthus necrosis virus, this isolate reacted positively with the antiserum produced against CarMV (1). CarMV-TW-infected and healthy C. quinoa were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. To further characterize this virus, the conserved region of the polymerase gene (ORF1RT) of Carmoviruses was amplified with degenerate primer pairs, FJJ2003-17 (5′-TATATCTCGAGCAA(A/C)TAGGGG(G/T)GCCT) and FJJ2003-18 (5′-TATAGGATCCCC(C/T)A(A/T)(A/G)GC(A/T)GTGTTCA), by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using the total RNA isolated from the leaves of 92-orchid-1-, CarMV-TW-infected, and healthy C. quinoa (3). The 894-nt ORF1RT conserved region of isolate 92-orchid-1 (GenBank Accession No. HQ117873) shared 97.1, 65.6, 61.7, and 63.5% nucleotide identities and 98.3, 70.2, 66.1, and 64.7% amino acid identities with those of CarMV (X02986), Pelargonium flower break virus (NC_005286), Saguaro cactus virus (NC_001780), and Angelonia flower break virus (NC_007733), respectively. The sequence comparison of the ORF1RT conserved region indicated that 92-orchid-1 was a carmovirus related to CarMV. Sequence analyses of the coat protein (CP) gene (GenBank Accession No. HQ117872) amplified with the specific CP primer pairs of CarMV (FJJ2004-53: 5′-ACTGCGCTCGAGCTACTCTGTTGACAGTTCTA, and 2004-54: 5′-ATATATGGATCCCGTCCCGCCGTGTGTGTCTA) showed the isolate shared 95.8 to 98.8% nucleotide identities and 96.8 to 98.9% amino acid identities with those of 40 CarMV isolates. Furthermore, the CP gene shared 96.9, 97.0, and 98.8% nucleotide identities and 98.0, 95.7, and 98.3% amino acid identities with isolates from carnation (GenBank Accession No. AY383566) (1), calla lily (GenBank Accession No. HQ117870) (2), and lisianthus (GenBank Accession No. FJ843021), respectively, in Taiwan. These results suggested that this isolate was CarMV but distinct from the above-mentioned three isolates and designated CarMV-Ph. From 2004 to 2007, a further survey of 280 symptomatic Phalaenopsis plants by ELISA using CarMV polyclonal antibodies (1) found that approximately 4% of those tested were infected. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CarMV in Phalaenopsis orchids and the occurrence has substantial implications for the important nursery and floral industry in Taiwan. References: (1) C. C. Chen et al. Plant Pathol. Bull. 12:199, 2003. (2) C. C. Chen et al. Plant Dis. 87:1539, 2003. (3) Y. X. Zheng et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 121:87, 2008.

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First Report of Carnation mottle virus in Calla lily (Zantedeschia spp.)

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2003.87.12.1539c ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 87 (12) ◽

pp. 1539-1539 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

C.-C. Chen ◽

W.-F. Ko ◽

C.-Y. Lin ◽

F.-J. Jan ◽

H. T. Hsu

Keyword(s):

Mosaic Virus ◽

Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Dianthus Caryophyllus ◽

Spherical Particles ◽

Mottle Virus ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Infected Leaf ◽

First Report ◽

Cp Gene ◽

Carnation Mottle Virus

Calla lilies are ornamental plants of major economic importance in Taiwan. They are grown in the central and northern areas of the island, and ≈3 million stems are shipped annually. Calla lilies are susceptible to several viruses (1). Infections by Cucumber mosaic virus, Dasheen mosaic virus, Turnip mosaic virus, and Watermelon silver mottle virus were reported in Taiwan. Recently, virus-like symptoms including yellow mottling, light yellow spot, yellow ringspot, and mosaic were observed on leaves of field-grown calla lilies from Changhua County, located in central Taiwan. In March 2001, a virus culture was isolated from diseased calla lilies and established in Chenopodium quinoa Willd. and Nicotiana benthamiana Domin. When inoculated with the virus, healthy calla lilies developed chlorotic spots that enlarged and fused to form large, yellow patches on inoculated leaves. Symptoms were similar to those on the naturally infected plants observed in the fields. The virus induced chlorotic local lesions on C. quinoa, C. ficifolium Sm., C. amaranticolor Coste & Reyn, Cucurbita moschata Duchesne ex Poir, Lisianthus russellianum (Don.) Griseb, Phaseolus angularis Wight, Vigna angularis Willd., and V. radiata (L.) Wilczek. In addition to the localized chlorotic spots on inoculated leaves, systemic invasion of the virus was also observed 8 to 10 days postinoculation in Dianthus caryophyllus L., D. chinensis L., and Glycine max Merr. In N. benthamiana, the only symptom observed was systemic wilting. Examination of 2% of uranyl-acetate-stained samples using electron microscopy revealed the presence of spherical particles ≈34 to 35 nm in diameter in crude extracts of leaves of diseased calla lilies, or infected C. quinoa. Similar particles were also observed in the cytoplasm but not in the nuclei in ultrathin sections of virus-infected leaf tissues of C. quinoa and N. benthamiana. Differential centrifugation followed by sucrose density gradient centrifugation of tissue extracts of infected C. quinoa yielded virions with similar size. Sodium dodesyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified virus showed a single structural polypeptide ith a Mr of 41.6 kDa. The viral antigen reacted positively with its homologous antiserum and an antiserum against Carnation mottle virus (CarMV; Agdia, Inc., Elkhart, IN) in double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Using primers 5′-CTCCATGGTCATGGAA(A/G)ATAAA GGAGAA and 3′-CAACAAATATCCTACACTGTCCTAGGTG specific to the coat protein (CP) gene of CarMV, an expected viral CP gene product of 1.05 kb was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction from total RNA isolated from infected N. benthamiana. Comparisons of the 1,047-nucleotide CP gene with those of 15 CarMV isolates available in GenBank showed 94.6 to 98.2% nucleotide identity and 94.8 to 96.8% amino acid identity. Results from current studies indicate that the virus infecting calla lilies is an isolate of CarMV. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CarMV infection in calla lilies. The occurrence of CarMV in calla lilies has direct implication for the economically important nursery and floral industry in Taiwan. Reference: (1) F. W. Zettler and R. D. Hartman. Dieffenbachia, Caladium, and Zantedeschia. Pages 464–470 in: Virus and Virus-Like Diseases of Bulb and Flower Crops. G. Loebenstein, R. H. Lawson, and A. A. Brunt, eds. John Wiley and Sons, West Sussex, U.K., 1995.

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First report of black raspberry necrosis virus and raspberry leaf mottle virus in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Journal of Plant Pathology ◽

10.1007/s42161-020-00697-x ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mariana Radulović ◽

Irena Mavrič-Pleško ◽

Francois Maclot ◽

Duska Delić ◽

Sebastien Massart

Keyword(s):

Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽

Mottle Virus ◽

Black Raspberry ◽

Necrosis Virus ◽

First Report

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First report of Chilli veinal mottle virus in Naga chilli (Capsicum chinense) in Meghalaya, India

VirusDisease ◽

10.1007/s13337-013-0167-7 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 142-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Amrita Banerjee ◽

Ram Dutta ◽

Somnath Roy ◽

S. V. Ngachan

Keyword(s):

Mottle Virus ◽

Capsicum Chinense ◽

First Report ◽

Chilli Veinal Mottle Virus

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First Report of Peanut Mottle Virus Infecting Peanut in Northeast China

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-06-18-1037-pdn ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 103 (2) ◽

pp. 378

Author(s):

M. N. An ◽

R. Li ◽

W. D. Gao ◽

X. Y. Bi ◽

Y. Liang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Northeast China ◽

Mottle Virus ◽

First Report

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First report of canna yellow mottle virus in China

Journal of Plant Pathology ◽

10.1007/s42161-018-0144-5 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 101 (1) ◽

pp. 193-193

Author(s):

Jianguo Shen ◽

Fangluan Gao ◽

Xihong Chen ◽

Shouling Chen ◽

Weimin Li

Keyword(s):

Mottle Virus ◽

First Report ◽

Yellow Mottle

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First Report of Cherry virus A in Sweet Cherry Trees in China

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-93-4-0425b ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 93 (4) ◽

pp. 425-425 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

W.-L. Rao ◽

Z.-K. Zhang ◽

R. Li

Keyword(s):

Sweet Cherry ◽

Community Gardens ◽

Mottle Virus ◽

Replicase Gene ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

First Report ◽

Type Isolate ◽

The Family ◽

Flowering Cherry ◽

Cherry Trees

Plants in the genus Prunus of the family Rosaceae are important fruit and ornamental trees in China. In June of 2007, sweet cherry (Prunus avium) trees with mottling and mosaic symptoms were observed in a private garden near Kunming, Yunnan Province. Twenty-four samples, six each from sweet cherry, sour cherry (P. cerasus), flowering cherry (P. serrulata), and peach (P. persica) were collected from trees in private and community gardens in the area. The peach and sour and flowering cherry trees did not show any symptoms. Total nucleic acids were extracted using a cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide (CTAB) extraction method, and the extracts were tested for the following eight viruses by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR: American plum line pattern virus, Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus, Cherry green ring mottle virus, Cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus, Cherry virus A (CVA), Little cherry virus 1, Prune dwarf virus, and Prunus necrotic ringspot virus. Only CVA was detected in two symptomatic sweet cherry trees by RT-PCR with forward (5′-GTGGCATTCAACTAGCACCTAT-3′) and reverse (5′-TCAGCTGCCTCAGCTTGGC-3′) primers specific to an 873-bp fragment of the CVA replicase gene (2). The CVA infection of the two trees was confirmed by RT-PCR using primers CVA-7097U and CVA-7383L that amplified a 287-bp fragment from the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of the virus (1). Amplicons from both amplifications were cloned and sequenced. Analysis of the predicted amino acid sequences of the 873-bp fragments (GenBank Accession Nos. EU862278 and EU862279) showed that they were 98% identical with each other and 97 to 98% with the type isolate of CVA from Germany (GenBank Accession No. NC_003689). The 286-bp sequences of the 3′-UTR (GenBank Accession Nos. FJ608982 and FJ608983) were 93% identical with each other and 93 to 98% with the type isolate. The sequence indicated that the three isolates were very similar and should be considered to be the same strain. CVA is a member of the genus Capillovirus in the family Flexiviridae and has been previously reported in Europe, North America, and Japan. The contribution of CVA to the symptoms observed and its distribution in China remain to be evaluated. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CVA in sweet cherry in China. References: (1) M. Isogai et al. J. Gen. Plant Pathol. 70:288. (2) W. Jelkmann. J. Gen. Virol. 76:2015, 1995.

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First Report on Carnation vein mottle virus in Dianthus barbatus in Korea

The Plant Pathology Journal ◽

10.5423/ppj.2004.20.3.224 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 224-228

Author(s):

B.N. Chung ◽

B.D. Kim ◽

G.S. Choi ◽

J.S. Kim

Keyword(s):

Mottle Virus ◽

First Report ◽

Dianthus Barbatus

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First Report of Pepper mild mottle virus in Northeast China

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-06-15-0722-pdn ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 100 (2) ◽

pp. 541-541 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

X.-D. Li ◽

M.-N. An ◽

Y.-H. Wu

Keyword(s):

Northeast China ◽

Mottle Virus ◽

Pepper Mild Mottle Virus ◽

First Report

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Updating the Quarantine Status of Prunus Infecting Viruses in Australia

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v12020246 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 246 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wycliff M. Kinoti ◽

Narelle Nancarrow ◽

Alison Dann ◽

Brendan C. Rodoni ◽

Fiona E. Constable

Keyword(s):

Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Mottle Virus ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Virus Family ◽

First Report ◽

Hop Stunt Viroid ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Stem Pitting

One hundred Prunus trees, including almond (P. dulcis), apricot (P. armeniaca), nectarine (P. persica var. nucipersica), peach (P. persica), plum (P. domestica), purple leaf plum (P. cerasifera) and sweet cherry (P. avium), were selected from growing regions Australia-wide and tested for the presence of 34 viruses and three viroids using species-specific reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests. In addition, the samples were tested using some virus family or genus-based RT-PCR tests. The following viruses were detected: Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV) (13/100), Apple mosaic virus (ApMV) (1/100), Cherry green ring mottle virus (CGRMV) (4/100), Cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus (CNRMV) (2/100), Cherry virus A (CVA) (14/100), Little cherry virus 2 (LChV2) (3/100), Plum bark necrosis stem pitting associated virus (PBNSPaV) (4/100), Prune dwarf virus (PDV) (3/100), Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) (52/100), Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) (9/100) and Peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd) (6/100). The results showed that PNRSV is widespread in Prunus trees in Australia. Metagenomic high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and bioinformatics analysis were used to characterise the genomes of some viruses that were detected by RT-PCR tests and Apricot latent virus (ApLV), Apricot vein clearing associated virus (AVCaV), Asian Prunus Virus 2 (APV2) and Nectarine stem pitting-associated virus (NSPaV) were also detected. This is the first report of ApLV, APV2, CGRMV, CNRNV, LChV1, LChV2, NSPaV and PBNSPaV occurring in Australia. It is also the first report of ASGV infecting Prunus species in Australia, although it is known to infect other plant species including pome fruit and citrus.

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