A Distinct Strain of Tomato leaf curl Sudan virus Causes Tomato Leaf Curl Disease in Oman

Tomato leaf curl disease (ToLCD) is a significant constraint for tomato production in the Sultanate of Oman. The disease in the north of the country has previously been shown to be caused by the monopartite begomoviruses (family Geminiviridae) Tomato yellow leaf curl virus and Tomato leaf curl Oman virus. Many tomato plants infected with these two viruses were also found to harbor a symptom enhancing betasatellite. Here an analysis of a virus isolated from tomato exhibiting ToLCD symptoms originating from south and central Oman is reported. Three clones of a monopartite begomovirus were obtained. One of the clones was shown to be infectious to tomato and Nicotiana benthamiana and to induce symptoms typical of ToLCD. Analysis of the cloned sequences show them to correspond to isolates of Tomato leaf curl Sudan virus (ToLCSDV), a virus that occurs in Sudan and Yemen. However, the sequences showed less than 93% nucleotide sequence identity to previously characterized ToLCSDV isolates, indicating that the viruses represent a distinct strain of the species, for which we propose the name “Oman” strain (ToLCSDV-OM). Closer analysis of the sequences showed them to differ from their closest relative, the “Tobacco” strain of ToLCSDV originating from Yemen, in three regions of the genome. This suggests that the divergence of the “Oman” and “Tobacco” strains has occurred due to recombination. Surprisingly, ToLCSDV-OM was not found to be associated with a betasatellite, even though the isolates of the other ToLCSDV strains have been shown to be. The significance of these findings and the possible reasons for the distinct geographic distributions of the tomato-infecting begomoviruses within Oman are discussed.

Download Full-text

Evidence for the Association of a Bipartite Geminivirus with Tomato Leaf Curl Disease in Pakistan

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.1997.81.8.958c ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 81 (8) ◽

pp. 958-958 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

S. Mansoor ◽

S. H. Khan ◽

M. Saeed ◽

A. Bashir ◽

Y. Zafar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tomato Leaf ◽

Cotton Leaf ◽

Degenerate Primers ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Tomato Leaf Curl Disease ◽

Eastern Hemisphere ◽

Tomato Leaf Curl ◽

Leaf Curl Virus ◽

Leaf Curl Disease ◽

Leaf Curl

Tomato leaf curl disease is the most important constraint on tomato production in Pakistan, where it is found throughout the country. The disease, which occurs in high incidence in Punjab and Sindh provinces, causes 30 to 40% yield losses in the spring crop and uneconomically high losses when grown as an autumn crop. The symptoms of the disease include upward or downward leaf curling, vein thickening, and stunting of the plant. The disease is transmitted by Bemisia tabaci whiteflies (non-B, biotype K) and is suspected to be caused by a geminivirus. For the detection of geminivirus, total DNA was extracted from infected plants, fractionated in an agarose gel, transferred to a nylon membrane, and Southern blotted. A full-length clone of DNA-A of cotton leaf curl virus from Pakistan (S. Mansoor, I. Bedford, M. S. Pinner, A. Bashir, R. Briddon, J. Stanley, Y. Zafar, K. A. Malik, and P. G. Markham, unpublished) was labeled with [32P]dCTP by the oligo-labeling method and hybridized at medium stringency. Geminivirus DNA forms that are normally found in infected plants were detected in plants with tomato leaf curl disease but not in healthy plants. To further confirm the presence of a whiteflytransmitted geminivirus, universal primers for dicot-infecting geminiviruses (1) were used in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a product of expected size (approximately 2.7 kb) was detected. The 2.7-kb PCR-amplified DNA from diseased tomato plants was labeled with [32P]dCTP and used as probe in Southern hybridization. This probe also detected geminivirus DNA forms at medium stringency. Both monopartite and bipartite geminiviruses transmitted by whiteflies have been reported to cause leaf curl symptoms on tomato from the Eastern hemisphere. Degenerate primers (PBLv2040 and PCRc1), which amplify B component DNA, were used to determine if tomato leaf curl was monopartite or bipartite (2). A product of expected size (0.65 kb) was amplified, suggesting this virus to be bipartite. DNA-B PCR product obtained from diseased tomato plants was hybridized as described above and detected geminivirus DNA forms at medium stringency. Samples of diseased tomato plants were collected from tomato fields throughout Punjab. DNA-A was detected in all 20 samples whereas DNA B was detected in 17 samples when hybridized by dot blot method at medium stringency. Our data show that tomato leaf curl virus from Pakistan is a bipartite geminivirus. This is the first evidence for a bipartite geminivirus in tomato plants from Pakistan. References: (1) R. W. Briddon and P. G. Markham. Mol. Biotechnol. 1:202, 1993. (2) M. R. Rojas et al. Plant Dis. 77:340, 1993.

Download Full-text

Tomato leaf curl Patna virus causing tomato leaf curl disease in Bangladesh

Bangladesh Journal of Botany ◽

10.3329/bjb.v48i1.47434 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 153-161

Author(s):

Mohammad Nurul Islam ◽

Aneesa Ansari ◽

RH Sarker

Keyword(s):

Sequence Similarity ◽

Rolling Circle Amplification ◽

Monopartite Begomoviruses ◽

Tomato Leaf ◽

Potential Threat ◽

Tomato Production ◽

Tomato Leaf Curl Disease ◽

Begomovirus Genome ◽

Tomato Leaf Curl ◽

Leaf Curl

Tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV) has appeared as a potential threat to the tomato production in the world. ToLCV, a member of the family Geminiviridae may contain either bipartite or monopartite genome. The genetic nature of a monopartite ToLCV isolate characterized from the tomato leaf curl diseased samples of Jamalpur district, Bangladesh (ToLCV-JB) has been reported. The products of rolling circle amplification (RCA) were digested, cloned and sequenced. Sequence analysis revealed the features of begomovirus genome organization in the ToLCV-JB isolate, containing six open reading frames. BLAST analysis showed 100% sequence similarity with tomato leaf curl Patna virus (EU862323.1) and more than 80% similarity with other reported monopartite begomoviruses. Hence, the virus isolate was registered as Tomato leaf Curl Patna virus-[Bangladesh:Jamalpur:2014] isolate ToLCV-JB (Genebank Accession: KU933675.1) according to the suggestion of NCBI. Recombination analysis also did not show any genetic exchange between ToLCV-JB and ToLCV-Patna virus. Moreover, they belong to the same cluster as observed in phylogenetic analysis. The present work suggests the possibility of cross-border spread of ToLCV-Patna viruses without mutation and this could pose a threat to tomato production in Bangladesh as well as in the Asian continent.

Download Full-text

Molecular Characterization of a Begomovirus, α-Satellite, and β-Satellite Associated with Leaf Curl Disease of Parthenium hysterophorus in India

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-09-15-0982-re ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 100 (11) ◽

pp. 2299-2305 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Susheel Kumar ◽

Ashish Srivastava ◽

Meraj Jaidi ◽

Puneet Singh Chauhan ◽

S. K. Raj

Keyword(s):

Satellite Dna ◽

Rolling Circle Amplification ◽

Tomato Leaf ◽

Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽

Alternate Host ◽

Invasive Weed ◽

Tomato Leaf Curl Disease ◽

Tomato Leaf Curl ◽

Leaf Curl Disease ◽

Leaf Curl

Parthenium hysterophorus plants exhibiting severe leaf curl and stunting symptoms were observed near agriculture fields in Lucknow, India. The association of a begomovirus, β-satellite, and α-satellite with these symptoms of a Parthenium disease was investigated by sequence analyses of virus and satellite DNA amplified by rolling circle amplification and polymerase chain reaction. The highest sequence identities and closest phylogenetic relationships for the begomovirus, β-satellite, and α-satellite detected in P. hysterophorus plants were to Tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV), papaya leaf curl β-satellite (PaLCuB), and Ageratum yellow vein India α-satellite (AYVIA), respectively. These findings identified the virus and satellites infecting the Parthenium sp. as ToLCV, PaLCuB, and AYVIA, respectively. P. hysterophorus and tomato seedlings infected with cloned ToLCV, PaLCuB, and AYVIA by agroinoculation developed leaf curl symptoms, whereas plants infected with ToLCV alone or with ToLCV and AYVIA developed mild yellowing. The results show that this complex infects and causes disease in P. hysterophorus and tomato. P. hysterophorus is an invasive weed commonly found around agricultural fields and along roadsides in India. These results indicate that P. hysterophorus plants infected with ToLCV and associated satellite DNA act as an alternate host (reservoir), and that could lead to increased incidence of tomato leaf curl disease.

Download Full-text

Performance of Some Cultivars of Tomato Against Tomato Leaf Curl Disease

Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.3923/pjbs.2001.528.530 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

pp. 528-530

Author(s):

Afia Akhtar . ◽

M. A. Rahman khokon . ◽

Bimal Kumar Pramanik . ◽

M. Ashrafuzzaman .

Keyword(s):

Tomato Leaf ◽

Tomato Leaf Curl Disease ◽

Tomato Leaf Curl ◽

Leaf Curl Disease ◽

Leaf Curl

Download Full-text

Molecular Variability in the Replicase Gene of Viruses Causing Tomato Leaf Curl Disease in India

Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology ◽

10.1007/bf03263189 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 43-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Subodh Kumar Sinha ◽

Arupratan Dasgupta ◽

Anita Baranwal ◽

Shelly Praveen

Keyword(s):

Tomato Leaf ◽

Replicase Gene ◽

Molecular Variability ◽

Tomato Leaf Curl Disease ◽

Tomato Leaf Curl ◽

Leaf Curl Disease ◽

Leaf Curl

Download Full-text

Frequent occurrence of Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus in tomato leaf curl disease affected tomato in Oman

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-53106-4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. S. Shahid ◽

M. Shafiq ◽

M. Ilyas ◽

A. Raza ◽

M. N. Al-Sadrani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rolling Circle Amplification ◽

Monopartite Begomoviruses ◽

Tomato Leaf ◽

Bipartite Begomovirus ◽

Rolling Circle ◽

Tomato Leaf Curl Disease ◽

Planting Material ◽

Next Generation Sequencing Ngs ◽

Tomato Leaf Curl ◽

Leaf Curl

Abstract Next generation sequencing (NGS) of DNAs amplified by rolling circle amplification from 6 tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants with leaf curl symptoms identified a number of monopartite begomoviruses, including Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), and a betasatellite (Tomato leaf curl betasatellite [ToLCB]). Both TYLCV and ToLCB have previously been identified infecting tomato in Oman. Surprisingly the NGS results also suggested the presence of the bipartite, legume-adapted begomovirus Mungbean yellow mosaic Indian virus (MYMIV). The presence of MYMIV was confirmed by cloning and Sanger sequencing from four of the six plants. A wider analysis by PCR showed MYMIV infection of tomato in Oman to be widespread. Inoculation of plants with full-length clones showed the host range of MYMIV not to extend to Nicotiana benthamiana or tomato. Inoculation to N. benthamiana showed TYLCV to be capable of maintaining MYMIV in both the presence and absence of the betasatellite. In tomato MYMIV was only maintained by TYLCV in the presence of the betasatellite and then only at low titre and efficiency. This is the first identification of TYLCV with ToLCB and the legume adapted bipartite begomovirus MYMIV co-infecting tomato. This finding has far reaching implications. TYLCV has spread around the World from its origins in the Mediterranean/Middle East, in some instances, in live tomato planting material. The results here may suggest that begomoviruses which do not commonly infect tomato, such as MYMIV, could be spread as a passenger of TYLCV in tomato.

Download Full-text

Association of chili leaf curl betasatellite with tomato leaf curl disease

Journal of General Plant Pathology ◽

10.1007/s10327-017-0743-6 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 83 (6) ◽

pp. 402-405 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Muhammad Qasim Aslam ◽

Khalid P. Akhtar ◽

Mohy-u-Din Akram ◽

Muhammad Y. Saleem ◽

Nighat Sarwar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tomato Leaf ◽

Tomato Leaf Curl Disease ◽

Chili Leaf Curl Betasatellite ◽

Tomato Leaf Curl ◽

Leaf Curl Disease ◽

Leaf Curl

Download Full-text

A New Begomovirus Species Causing Tomato Leaf Curl Disease in Varanasi, India

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2003.87.3.313a ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 87 (3) ◽

pp. 313-313 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

S. Chakraborty ◽

P. K. Pandey ◽

M. K. Banerjee ◽

G. Kalloo ◽

C. M. Fauquet

Keyword(s):

Infectious Clone ◽

Uttar Pradesh ◽

Tomato Leaf ◽

Full Length ◽

Degenerate Primers ◽

Tomato Leaf Curl Disease ◽

Leaf Curling ◽

Tomato Leaf Curl ◽

Leaf Curl Disease ◽

Leaf Curl

In November 2001, a leaf curl disease of tomato, manifested by yellowing of leaf lamina, upward leaf curling, leaf distortion, shrinking of leaf surface, and stunted plant growth was observed in tomato-growing areas in the Varanasi and Mirzapur districts of eastern Uttar Pradesh, India, which caused yield losses up to 100%. The causal agent was infective to tomato cv. Punjab Chuhara by whiteflies and grafting. Inoculated plants developed symptoms observed in naturally infected tomatoes. Viral DNA was isolated from artificially inoculated tomato plants using 1% CTAB (2) followed by a concentration of supercoiled DNA by alkaline denaturation (1). A geminivirus was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction using DNA-A degenerate primers (3), and a 550-bp amplified product was obtained from artificially and naturally infected plants. Full-length viral genomes of DNA-A and DNA-B were cloned in plasmid pUC18 at HindIII and XbaI sites, respectively. Partial tandem dimers of the viral clones were infective to Nicotiana benthamiana and tomato cv. Organ Spring through particle bombardment. Infected N. benthamiana plants exhibited downward and upward leaf curling, big veins, leaf puckering with interveinal chlorosis, and stunting. On tomato, symptoms were the same as those seen on naturally infected plants. Cloned DNA also infected Capsicum annuum cv. California Wonder (upward leaf curling and stunting) and tobacco cv. Xanthi (leaf curling and crinkling) but failed to infect Phaseolus vulgaris, okra, cotton, and N. glutinosa. The Varanasi isolate was sap transmissible (0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0) from the bombarded plants to N. benthamiana and tomato cv. Organ Spring. DNA-A alone infected N. benthamiana (upward leaf curling and big veins) and tomato cv. Organ Spring (mild leaf curl), but symptoms were delayed and milder. Full-length genome sequencing revealed DNA-A (AY190290) contained 2,757 nt and DNA-B (AY190291) contained 2,688 nt. DNA-A of the Varanasi isolate shares 98.4% identity with a DNA-A sequence (AF449999) obtained from a tomato showing leaf curl symptoms from the same region and 97.1% identity with an isolate from Gujarat (900 km from Varanasi). All three sequences represent isolates of the same species, herein called Tomato leaf curl Gujarat virus, based on the priority of submission of the DNA sequence for the Gujarat region (ToLCGV; AF 413671). All isolates noted were obtained from GenBank. However, except for the DNA-A sequence, no other information is available for these ToLCGV isolates. DNA-A of the ToLCGV-Varanasi isolate shares 66.8% identity with Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus, severe strain (ToLCNdV-Svr) (U15015), and 84.1% with Tomato leaf curl Karnataka virus (U38239). No DNA-B has been reported for these two ToLCGV isolates, and no infectious clone proving the etiology of the disease has been constructed, except for ToLCGV-Varanasi. DNA-B of ToLCGV-Varanasi shares 79.2% homology with ToLCNdV-Svr and 84.1% with ToLCNdV-Luc (X89653). These results suggest that the isolate from Varanasi belongs to ToLCGV, a previously undescribed geminivirus species causing a devastating tomato leaf curl disease in Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh. References: (1) H. C. Birnboim and J. Doly. Nucleic Acids Res. 7:1513, 1979. (2) K. M. Srivastava et al. J. Virol. Methods 51:297, 1995. (3) S. D. Wyatt and J. K. Brown. Phytopathology 86:1288, 1996.

Download Full-text