scholarly journals First Report of Pyricularia oryzae Causing Blast on Sorghum halepense (Johnson Grass) in Iran

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 3061-3061
Author(s):  
Adel Pordel ◽  
Didier Tharreau ◽  
Golzar Ghorbani ◽  
Mohammad Javan-Nikkhah
Keyword(s):  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
First Report ◽  
Johnson Grass

Population variation in Sorghum halepense, Johnson grass, at the northern limits of its range

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 1781-1790 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. Warwick ◽  
B. K. Thompson ◽  
L. D. Black
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Johnson Grass ◽  
Allocation Patterns ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Enzyme Patterns

Thirteen populations of Sorghum halepense, Johnson grass, were sampled from fields in Ontario, Canada, and Ohio and New York, United States. Only four of these populations were reported to overwinter as rhizomes. The morphology, phenology, resource allocation patterns, and growth of seedling and mature plants of the overwintering and the non-overwintering populations were compared. Field-collected specimens from the nonoverwintering populations had wider culms and leaves and larger seeds and inflorescences. Analysis of material grown in a 5-month greenhouse trial indicated similar differences. Greenhouse plants from the nonoverwintering populations were also characterized by greater percent emergence, larger and faster growing seedlings, earlier flowering, larger culms and seeds, greater reproductive dry weight per plant, and about 1/10th the rhizome dry weight of overwintering plants. Differences between populations within a biotype were evident for both biotypes, although there was little within-population variation, except in rhizome production, where certain individuals of some nonoverwintering populations did not produce extended rhizomes. Among the five enzymes which were examined electrophoretically, only one, phosphoglucomutase (PGM), showed variable isozyme patterns. No differences in enzyme patterns were apparent between the overwintering and the nonoverwintering biotypes. The relationship of the nonoverwintering populations to the cultivated species, Sorghum bicolor and S. almum, an introgressant between S. halepense and S. bicolor, is discussed.

scholarly journals First Report of the Blast Pathogen, Pyricularia oryzae, on Eragrostis tef in the United States

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (12) ◽  
pp. 3266
Author(s):  
Mostafa Rahnama ◽  
Timothy D. Phillips ◽  
Mark L. Farman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Eragrostis Tef ◽  
First Report

scholarly journals First Report of Sorghum Ergot Caused by Sphacelia sorghi in Mexico

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 831-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Aguirre R. ◽  
H. Williams A. ◽  
N. Montes G. ◽  
H. M. Cortinas-Escobar
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Forage Sorghum ◽  
First Report ◽  
San Fernando ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Made In

In the winter of 1996-1997 ergot was observed in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) plants growing in several locations of Tamaulipas, Mexico, including San Fernando, Soto La Marina, Manuel, Cuahutemoc, and Altamira. The disease in sorghum plants was associated with high humidity and low temperatures during the blooming stage in February, 1997. The most obvious symptom was the exudation of honeydew from the infected flowers. Microscopic analysis of the honeydew revealed the presence of the asexual conidia of a Claviceps sp. The abundance, size, and shape of conidia were characteristic of Sphacelia sorghi (1). Honeydew was also observed in plants of Sorghum halepense, forage sorghum and volunteer plants of sorghum, which are also hosts. The first report of ergot in the Americas was made in 1995 in Brazil (2), where it was probably introduced via contaminated seed from Africa. The disease spread rapidly from Brazil to Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Paraguay, and Venezuela. The pathogen was probably dispersed and introduced to Mexico by contaminated seed, wind, or insects from South America. The disease represents a serious threat to the 800,000 ha of sorghum grown in Tamaulipas. Due to its confirmed extraordinary capacity to spread rapidly, ergot could affect sorghum growing in regions adjacent to Tamauli-pas, including Nuevo Leon in Mexico, and Texas in the U.S. References: (1) D. E. Frederickson et al. Mycol. Res. 95:1101, 1991. (2) E. M. Reis et al. Plant Dis. 80:463, 1996.

scholarly journals CONTROL OF PERENNIAL GRASSES ON CULTIVATED AND UNCULTIVATED LAND

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1078d-1078
Author(s):  
Bakir A. Al-Juboory
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Bermuda Grass ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Johnson Grass ◽  
Successful Control ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Uncultivated Land

This experiment was conducted to determine effects of herbicides on the control of noxious perennial grass weeds. The results indicate that the rate, timing, duration and number of applications employed were the major factors in the successful control of perennial grass weeds such as Cogon Grass (Imperala cylindrica), Johnson Grass (Sorghum halepense), Bermuda Grass (Cynodon dactylon), Nut Grass (Cyperus rotundus) and Common Red (Phragmites spp.), commonly found in Iraq growing both in cultivated fields and wild on uncultivated land.

scholarly journals Original Article. Effects of loose kernel smut caused by Sporisorium cruentum onrhizomes of Sorghum halepense

2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Monica Astiz Gassó ◽  
Marcelo Lovisolo ◽  
Analia Perelló
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Structural Morphology ◽  
Johnson Grass ◽  
Fungal Hyphae

Abstract The effect of loose kernel smut fungus Sporisorium cruentum on Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass) was investigated in vitro and in greenhouse experiments. Smut infection induced a decrease in the dry matter of rhizomes and aerial vegetative parts of the plants evaluated. Moreover, the diseased plants showed a lower height than controls. The infection resulted in multiple smutted buds that caused small panicles infected with the fungus. In addition, changes were observed in the structural morphology of the host. Leaf tissue sections showed hyphae degrading chloroplasts and vascular bundles colonized by the fungus. Subsequently, cells collapsed and widespread necrosis was observed as a symptom of the disease. The pathogen did not colonize the gynoecium of Sorghum plants until the tassel was fully developed. The sporulation process of the fungus led to a total disintegration of anthers and tissues. When panicles were inspected before emergence, fungal hyphae were observed on floral primord. Histological sections of panicles showed fungal hyphae located in the parenchyma tissue and the nodal area. Infection occurred in the floral primordium before the tassel had fully developed and emerged from the flag leaf. Grains were replaced by sori surrounded by a thin membrane that usually was broken before or after the emergence of the panicle. The results, together with the significant decrease of the dry matter of rhizomes and seeds of S. halepense, suggest that S. cruentum could be considered as a potential biocontrol agent in the integrated management of this weed.

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