scholarly journals Empoasca papayae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)-Mediated Transmission of Papaya Meleira Virus-Mexican Variant in Mexico

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
pp. 2015-2023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel García-Cámara ◽  
Raúl Tapia-Tussell ◽  
Anuar Magaña-Álvarez ◽  
Alberto Cortés Velázquez ◽  
Rodolfo Martín-Mex ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Insect Vectors ◽  
Viral Titer ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Papaya meleira virus (PMeV) causes sticky disease in Carica papaya in Brazil and Mexico. Despite its economic importance and the need for effective phytosanitary control, it remains unknown whether any insect is the vector of this virus. The aim of this work was to identify potential insect vectors of the PMeV-Mexican variant (PMeV-Mx) and determine whether these potential vectors are capable of transmitting the virus. Adult insects were collected in papaya fields in the south-southeast region of Mexico and were identified morphologically and molecularly. Their abundance and frequency were determined, and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed to establish if they carried PMeV-Mx. The Cicadellidae family (Hemiptera) was the most diverse and abundant, and Empoasca papayae was the most abundant species and had the highest virus titers. PMeV-Mx transmission assays were conducted under controlled conditions using E. papayae on C. papaya ‘Maradol’. E. papayae was a carrier of PMeV-Mx at 6 h after exposure, and its viral titer increased with time, peaking at 2.125 pg/μl of PMeV-Mx RNA from 20 ng/µl of cDNA, 5 days after exposure (dae). From 14 days after plants were exposed to insects, PMeV-Mx was detected and quantified in 100% of the evaluated papaya plants, whose viral RNA titer increased from 0.06 (21 dae) to 26.6 pg/μl of PMeV-Mx RNA (60 dae) from 20 ng/µl of cDNA. Three months later, these plants developed sticky disease symptoms, demonstrating that E. papayae is capable of transmitting PMeV-Mx to C. papaya ‘Maradol’.

scholarly journals Four Garlic Viruses Identified by Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction and Their Regional Distribution in Northern Japan

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 694-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miyuki Takaichi ◽  
Mika Yamamoto ◽  
Takayuki Nagakubo ◽  
Kenji Oeda
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Onion Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Indexing Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Northern Japan

A specific and highly efficient indexing method for four major garlic viruses, GV1 carlavirus, GV2 potyvirus, onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV), and mite-borne mosaic virus, was developed using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method (RT-PCR). When specific primers were synthesized to amplify the coat protein genes of these viruses, the amplified PCR bands had the same expected sizes. This indexing method can be performed using an extremely small amount of leaf tissue (50 mg) to obtain reproducible data. Diseased garlic plants collected from five fields in northern Japan were tested using this method. As GV2 was detected in all the fields, and high frequency of disease symptoms was obtained in the case of heavy infection, GV2 may well be a major garlic virus in this region. By contrast, GV1 was detected in only one of the five fields. OYDV and mite-borne mosaic viruses were also detected in various fields and at different frequencies. Judging from the virus indexing data and the disease symptoms, these two viruses appeared to cause severe symptoms in the case of a mixed infection with GV2. The frequency of virus re-infection to virus-free clones was low in isolated fields, and GV2 was the major virus that re-infected virus-free clones.

1504: Molecular Diagnosis and Staging of Prostate Cancer Using Clusterin in Real Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)

2006 ◽  
Vol 175 (4S) ◽  
pp. 485-486
Author(s):  
Sabarinath B. Nair ◽  
Christodoulos Pipinikas ◽  
Roger Kirby ◽  
Nick Carter ◽  
Christiane Fenske
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Molecular Diagnosis ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Expression of hyaluronan synthase-3 in porcine oviducal epithelium during oestrus

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paisan Tienthai ◽  
Naoko Kimura ◽  
Paraskevi Heldin ◽  
Eimei Sato ◽  
Heriberto Rodriguez-Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Hyaluronan Synthase ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Sperm Reservoir ◽  
Oviduct Fluid

Hyaluronan (HA) has been related to fertilization and embryo development in the pig. Furthermore, HA is present in pig oviduct fluid and the lining epithelium, particularly of the pre-ovulatory sperm reservoir. Because the mechanisms that regulate HA synthesis have not yet been clarified, semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was conducted to assess the expression of mRNAs of two HA-synthesizing enzymes (has2 and has3) in the oviduct epithelium (uterotubal junction, isthmus, ampullary–isthmic junction and ampulla segments) of non-inseminated (control) and inseminated (treatment) sows at pre-, peri- and post-ovulatory oestrus. Only has3 mRNA was detected; it was present in all tubal segments of both control and treatment samples. The level of has3 expression did not vary significantly between non-inseminated and inseminated specimens, but there was a tendency (NS) for increased mean values during the peri- and post-ovulatory stages compared with pre-ovulation. It is concluded that has3 is expressed by the porcine endosalpinx epithelium and the levels of expression do not vary during the critical periods of sperm transport and fertilization, despite fluctuating levels of HA in the tubal fluid at corresponding periods.

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