scholarly journals Genetic and Virulence Analysis of Rhizoctonia spp. Associated with Sugar Beet Root and Crown Rot in the Northeast Region of Iran

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parissa Taheri ◽  
Saeed Tarighi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Anastomosis Group ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Aflp Data ◽  
Beet Root ◽  
Root And Crown Rot ◽  
Sugar Beet Root ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

Rhizoctonia spp. are the main causal agents of root and crown rot on sugar beet. In this study, isolates of Rhizoctonia spp. were obtained from diseased sugar beet in Iran over 2 years. Of 68 isolates, 61 were R. solani and 7 were R. cerealis. The anastomosis group (AG) of all isolates was determined on glass slides against the testers. Characterization of intraspecific groups (ISGs) of R. solani isolates revealed that, of 61 isolates, 43 were AG2-2 IIIB and 18 were AG2-2 IV. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analyses were used to investigate genetic structure of Rhizoctonia populations. Principal coordinate plots and cluster analysis differentiated R. solani from R. cerealis isolates and separated the R. solani isolates belonging to different ISGs. AFLP data indicated that the R. solani and R. cerealis populations are not clonal. Analysis of molecular variance in AG2-2 IIIB isolates showed that geographic region was the main factor determining genetic structure of the populations. Sampling year had no significant effect on the genotypes. Pathogenicity tests on Beta vulgaris ‘FD0432’ revealed that R. solani AG2-2 IIIB and AG2-2 IV isolates were more virulent than R. cerealis.

Computing Model for Vibratory Digging-Out of Sugar Beet Roots

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
V. Bulgakov ◽  
V. Adamchuk ◽  
H. Kaletnyk
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equations ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Forward Motion ◽  
Admissible Velocity ◽  
Beet Root ◽  
Optimum Speed ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
Sugar Beet Root ◽  
The Given

The new design mathematical model of the sugar beet roots vibration digging-out process with the plowshare vibration digging working part has been created. In this case the sugar beet root is simulated as a solid body , while the plowshare vibration digging working part accomplishes fl uctuations in the longitudinal - vertical plane with the given amplitude and frequency in the process of work . The aim of the current research has been to determine the dependences between the design and kinematic parameters of the sugar beet roots vibra- tion digging-out technological process from soil , which provide the ir non-damage. Methods . For the aim ac- complishment, the methods of design mathematical models constructing based on the classical laws of me- chanics are applied. The solution of the obtained differential equations is accomplished with the PC involve- ment. Results . The differential equations of the sugar beet root’s motion in course of the vibration digging-out have been comprised . They allow to determine the admissible velocity of the vibration digging working part’s forward motion depending on the angular parameters of the latter. In the result of the computational simula- tion i.e., the solution of the obtained analytical dependence by PC, the graphic dependences of the admissible velocity of plowshare v ibration digging working part’s forward motion providing the extraction of the sugar beet root from soil without the breaking-off of its tail section have been determined. Conclusions . Due to the performed analytical research , it has been established that γ = 13 ... 16 ° , β = 20 ... 30 ° should be considered as the most reasonable values of γ and β angles of the vibration digging working part providing both its forward motion optimum speed and sugar beet root digging-out from the soil without damage . On the ground of the data obtained from the analytical rese arch, the new vibration digging working parts for the sugar beet roots have been designed; also the patents of Ukraine for the inventions have been obtained for them.

Notes on Behaviour of Pemphigus betae Doane (Homoptera: Aphididae) Infected with Entomophthora aphidis Hoffm.

1958 ◽  
Vol 90 (7) ◽  
pp. 439-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Harper
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
First Record ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Beet Root ◽  
Pemphigus Betae ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Sugar Beet Root ◽  
Annapolis Valley

Normally the sugar-beet root aphid, Pemphigus betae Doane, lives and feeds on sugar-beet roots below ground during the summer and fall. However, in many beet fields between Lethbridge and Monarch, Alberta, in September, 1956, a large number of these aphids were found on the soil surface and on the crowns and leaves of the plants. Many of the aphids had crawled up the plants and, even after death, remained clinging to the leaves (Fig. 1). This clinging reaction seemed similar to that of grasshoppers infected with Entomophthora grylli Fresen. Mr. R. B. Baird, Entomology Laboratory, Canada Department of Agriculture, Belleville, Ontario, identified the organism causing the disease destroying these aphids as Entomophthora aphidis Hoffm. This is the first record of this disease killing subterranean aphids in Canada. The only other reports of E. aphidis on root aphids are those of Maxson (1916) in Colorado and Charles (1941) in California. In Canada, it has been previously reported as a factor in control of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harr.), in the Annapolis Valley, Nova Scotia (MacLeod, 1953).

scholarly journals Control of Volunteer Glyphosate-Resistant Canola in Glyphosate-Resistant Sugar Beet

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vipan Kumar ◽  
Prashant Jha
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Beet Root ◽  
Control Volunteer ◽  
Sugar Beet Root ◽  
Herbicide Programs

Occurrence of glyphosate-resistant (GR) canola volunteers in GR sugar beet is a management concern for growers in the Northern Great Plains. Field experiments were conducted at the Southern Agricultural Research Center near Huntley, MT, in 2011 and 2012 to evaluate effective herbicide programs to control volunteer GR canola in GR sugar beet. Single POST application of triflusulfuron methyl alone at the two-leaf stage of sugar beet was more effective at 35 compared with 17.5 g ai ha−1. However, rate differences were not evident when triflusulfuron methyl was applied as a sequential POST (two-leaf followed by [fb] six-leaf stage of sugar beet) program (17.5 fb 17.5 or 35 fb 35 g ha−1). Volunteer GR canola plants in the sequential POST triflusulfuron methyl–containing treatments produced little biomass (11 to 15% of nontreated plots) but a significant amount of seeds (160 to 661 seeds m−2). Ethofumesate (4,200 g ai ha−1) PRE followed by sequential POST triflusulfuron methyl (17.5 or 35 g ha−1) provided effective control (94 to 98% at 30 d after treatment [DAT]), biomass reduction (97%), and seed prevention of volunteer GR canola. There was no additional advantage of adding either desmedipham + phenmedipham + ethofumesate premix (44.7 g ha−1) or ethofumesate (140 g ha−1) to the sequential POST triflusulfuron methyl–only treatments. The sequential POST ethofumesate-only (140 fb 140 g ha−1) treatment provided poor volunteer GR canola control at 30 DAT, and the noncontrolled plants produced 6,361 seeds m−2, which was comparable to the nontreated control (7,593 seeds m−2). Sequential POST triflusulfuron methyl–containing treatments reduced GR sugar beet root and sucrose yields to 18 and 20%, respectively. Consistent with GR canola control, sugar beet root and sucrose yields were highest (95 and 91% of hand-weeded plots, respectively) when the sequential POST triflusulfuron methyl–containing treatments were preceded by ethofumesate (4,200 g ha−1) PRE. Growers should utilize these effective herbicide programs to control volunteer GR canola in GR sugar beet. Because of high canola seed production potential, as evident from this research, control efforts should be aimed at preventing seed bank replenishment of the GR canola volunteers.

scholarly journals Influence of fertilization and nitrate-nitrogen position in soil profile on the sugar beet root yield and quality

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Goran Jacimovic ◽  
Branko Marinkovic ◽  
Jovan Crnobarac ◽  
Darinka Bogdanovic ◽  
Lazar Kovacev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Beet Root ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Sugar Beet Root ◽  
Root Quality

Researches, which have lasted for two years, were carried out on long-term trial field at Rimski Sancevi, Novi Sad, Serbia. In this trial, the eight fertilization variants of N, P2O5 and K2O increased amounts were studied. Sugar beet root and tops yields were determined, as well as the elements of technological sugar beet root quality. Based on these results, percentage of sugar utilization and refined sugar yield was defined. In the spring, before applying of N fertilizer, amount of nitrate nitrogen in the soil and its influence on yield and quality was determined. The highest root yield in 2002 was produced at the variant N100 P150 K150, and in 2003 at the variant N150 P150 K150. However, in both years, referring to the variant N100 P100 K100, the differences were not statistically significant. Increasing of nitrogen amounts had negative effects on refined sugar yield. Amounts of NO3-N in the soil in spring, before sugar beet sowing, in 2002 had significant influence on root yield and refined sugar yield. In the year 2003, which was highly dry, high correlation ratio were gained between amounts of NO3-N in the soil and root quality parameters, but it wasn't significant between nitrogen amounts and root and refined sugar yield.

Sugar beet root as an organ for sucrose accumulation

1981 ◽  
pp. 209-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina P. Kholodova ◽  
Yuliya P. Bolyakina ◽  
Anatoli B. Meshcheriakov ◽  
Marina S. Orlova
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Sucrose Accumulation ◽  
Beet Root ◽  
Sugar Beet Root

scholarly journals The effect of bacterial preparations on the growth, development and quality indicators of sugar beet yield

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00250
Author(s):  
Rogat Minikayev ◽  
Lilia Gaffarova
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
Beet Root ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Sugar Beet Root ◽  
Bacterial Preparations ◽  
Endophytic Microorganism

Experimental samples of biological products based on endophytic microorganism strains were tested on sugar beet root plants. The studies were carried out at ZAI Agrofirm LLC, Zay District, the Republic of Tatarstan. The most effective preparations applied at the early stages (3–4 leaf phase) were RECB – 31 B (1.5 l/ha), RECB – 74 B (1.5 l/ha), RECB – 74 B (1.5 l/ha), RECB – 44 B (2.0 l/ha), RECB – 50 B (2.0 l/ha), and RECB – 74 B (2.0 l/ha). Biological preparations applied in the row closing leaf phase have an advantage over chemical preparations when applying RECB – 14 B (1.5 l/ha), RECB – 31 B (1.5 l/ha), RECB – 74 B (1.5 l/ha), RECB – 74 B (2.0 l/ha). At the late vegetation stages, experimental preparations increased the yield. A significant increase was observed when applying RECB – 95 B (1.5 l/ha).

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