Efficiency of application of mineral fertilizers and bacterial preparations on winter barley in the conditions of the Lower Don

Field experiments on ordinary black soil were conducted in 2018-2021 in the Rostov region. The object of research was a variety of winter barley Master. The predecessor is corn for grain. Bacte-rial preparations developed at the All-Russian Institute of Agricultural Microbiology (VNIISHM) in St. Petersburg contain strains of associative microorganisms-nitrogen fixators: Mizorin, Ri-zoagrin, Extrasol. They were applied to barley seeds in the pre-sowing period. It was found that the use of Mizorin (600 g /ha) for seed treatment before sowing against the background of a near-sowing application of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer in the form of a mixture of ammophos and ammonium nitrate at a dose of N30P30, nitrogen fertilization by a scattered surface method with ammonium nitrate at a dose of 30 kg/ ha of the active substance increased the increase in grain yield on average for 3 years compared with the control variant by 0.71 t/ ha or by 14.4%. The use of the biological preparation Mizorin without mineral fertilizers against the background of natural soil fertility increased the yield compared to the control variant by 0.31 t /ha or by 6.3%. On av-erage, in 2019-2021, the protein content in winter barley grain in the control variant was 10.7%, which provided a protein harvest equal to 528 kg/ha. Against the background of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers at a dose of N30P30 and nitrogen fertilizing at a dose of 30 kg / ha, the max-imum increase in protein content was obtained in the variant with the use of Mizorin, which compared to the control variant was 1.1%, while the protein harvest increased by 138 kg/ha or 26.1%. Keywords: WINTER BARLEY, ORDINARY BLACK SOIL, BACTERIAL PREPARATIONS, MINERAL FERTILIZERS

Vitreoscilla filiformis Extract for Topical Skin Care: A Review

The term probiotic has been defined by experts as live microorganisms, which when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. Probiotics are, thus, by definition, live microorganisms, and the viability of probiotics is a prerequisite for certain benefits, such as the release of metabolites at the site or adhesion properties, for example. However, some semi-active or non-replicative bacterial preparations may retain a similar activity to the live forms. On cosmetic, lysates or fractions are generally used. Topically applied Vitreoscilla filiformis extract has shown to have some similar biological activity of probiotics in the gut, for example, regulating immunity by optimisation of regulatory cell function, protecting against infection, and helping skin barrier function for better recovery and resistance. Due to their mode of action and efficacy, V. filiformis extract (lysate including membrane and cytosol) may be considered as non-replicative probiotic fractions, and this review article presents all its properties.

Aerobic stability of alfalfa silage and methods of its improvement

Alfalfa is a non-silage crop, the silage of which became possible after the effect of drying was detected. A special feature of alfalfa is the intensive proteolysis that occurs during silage, and the prolonged development of undesirable microflora due to the slow acidification of feed. The objective of the research was to determine the effectiveness of the use of Biotrof, Biotrof 111, Biotrof 2+ and Biotal Axfast NS Gold in the silage of dried (37.07% SV) alfalfa mass. It was found that the use of these drugs contributed to the rapid acidification of feed to a pH of 3.97-4.08, against a pH of 4.96 in silage without additives, which led to the suppression of the vital activity of undesirable bacteria, a decrease in the breakdown of nutrients to gaseous products by 1.7-2.3 times and the accumulation of ammonia by 1.5-4.0 times. Due to the high resistance of alfalfa silage to aerobic spoilage, the use of bacterial preparations did not lead to an improvement in the aerobic stability of the silage, but by restraining the development of some yeasts, including pathogenic ones, and fungi of the Aspergillus sp. species, it helped to improve the sanitary status of the feed. Yeasts of the genera C. gattii and D. hansenii serve as marker organisms, an increase in the number of which indicates the occurrence of aerobic spoilage in the feed.

Obtaining viable Azospirillum brasilense SR80 cells encapsulated in alginate hydrogel

Significant researches aimed at the greening of agro-industrial production are focused on obtaining immobilized bacterial preparations with preserved proliferative function and metabolic activity. Herein, we investigated the possibility of bacteria of the genus Azospirillum to be immobilized in Ca-alginate beads. A. brasilense SR80 cells, encapsulated in an alginate hydrogel, were obtained using the “soft” immobilization method based on physical binding. We demonstrated the retained respiratory activity and growth ability of the bacteria during immobilization, thus confirming the advantageous prospects of alginate templates for azospirilla encapsulation.

Positive result from the use of bacterial preparations and mineral fertilizers in the cultivation of safflower in the conditions of the north-eastern zone of the Rostov region

Field experiments to study the effectiveness of the use of mineral fertilizers and biological products with strains of associative nitrogen fixers were conducted in 2016-2018 on dark brown soil in LLC "Zarya" of the Oblivsky district, which is located in the north-eastern zone of the Rostov region. The objects of research were: the variety of safflower Zavolzhsky 1, bacterial preparations Mizorin, Flavobacterin, KL-10, made at the All-Russian Institute of Agricul-tural Microbiology in St. Petersburg. They were mixed immediately before sowing with seeds at a rate of 300 g/ha. Mineral fertilizers were represented by ammonium nitrate (34.4%), ammophos (12:52) and potassium chloride (65%). Safflower was cultivated according to traditional technology. The sowing of safflower was carried out with the SZ-3,6 seeder. The predecessor of safflower is winter wheat. The application of mineral fertilizers was carried out simulta-neously with sowing, as well as manually spreading for pre-sowing cultivation. The yield of safflower seeds in the control variant (without the use of agro-chemicals) was the highest in 2017, which was favorable for moisture-1.11 t / ha, and almost the same in 2016 and 2018 – 0.92-0.94 t/ha, respectively. Av-erage for 2018-2020 the yield of safflower seeds in the control variant was 0.99 t / ha. The highest yield of oilseeds was obtained on the variant with a dose of mineral fertilizers N48P52 1. 22 t / ha, but on the variant with the use of the biological product Flavobacterin, the yield was only 0.05 t / ha less. The oil content in safflower seeds on average for 3 years of research on all variants of the experiment differed slightly. Its content varied from 35.7–36.3% and did not depend on the studied agrochemical techniques. The most optimal indica-tors of economic efficiency in the experiment were obtained from the use of a strain of the associative biological product Flavobacterin on a natural back-ground of fertility. The level of profitability is higher than in the control ver-sion by 28%, with a reduction in the cost of 1.42 rubles/kg. Keywords: SAFFLOWER, MINERAL FERTILIZERS, BACTERIAL PREP-ARATIONS, YIELD

Natural and Synthetic Nanomaterials in Microbial Biotechnologies for Crop Production

Nanoparticles of various materials (up to 100 nm in size) are characterized by a large surface area, which significantly increases their reactive properties. This makes promissing the studies of their possible application in different technologies, including those in the agricultural production sector. This review summarizes the literature on the distribution and properties of natural nanoparticles in the environment. The features of the interaction between various types of microorganisms, nanoparticles of natural minerals, oxides of metals and carbon nanoparticles are analyzed. The review also summarizes the data on the effect of nanoparticles of different origin on microorganisms, plant growth and development. It also presents the information on the effectiveness of the use of clay mineral nanoparticles in the production of complex bacterial preparations for plant growing and the prospects of using nanoparticles of metal oxides in this industry.

Biological systems in the processing of secondary products and agricultural waste

The manual describes technologies for processing secondary products and agricultural waste using macro-and micro-organisms. The regulations of modern biotechnologies of microbial synthesis, bioconversion of secondary raw materials are briefly presented, methods of its processing and characteristics of the obtained target products of bioconversion are described. Practical classes introduce students to modern methods of improving environmental quality and production waste from commercial products (organic fertilizers, bacterial preparations, feed additives, etc.), as well as obtain the cheapest fuel and energy resources (biogas, alcohols, acids, liquid biofuels, etc.). Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation. It is intended for students of higher educational institutions of technological specialties.

Microbiological preparations in increasing the yield of white mustard`s seeds

It is shown that the use of bacterial preparations based on growth-stimulating associative rhizobacterial strains increases the productivity of the dry mass of aboveground organs of white mustard plants. Biologics increase the yield of plant seeds. The most effective strains are mizorin and flavobacterin.

Effect of rhizosphere microorganisms on the adaptation of regenerated plants of apple clonal rootstocks to ex vitro conditions

In a vegetation experiment, the effect of bacterial preparations Extrasol, Fitosporin-M based on bacterial strains Bacillus subtilis and bacteria strains of the genus Pseudomonas – P. chlororaphis OV17, P. protegens 38a, P. putida О9-10 on the number of rhizosphere microorganisms, growth and development of regenerant plants of apple clone rootstocks in ex vitro conditions was studied. After 90 days of growing plants, the greatest number was found in the P. protegens 38a strain – 0.56 million CFU/g roots. Artificial inoculation of the roots of regenerant plants contributed to a significant increase in the total number of native microorganisms as compared to the control. The most diverse bacterial population in terms of cultural and morphological characteristics was revealed in the variant with the treatment of plants with the P. putida O9-10 strain. The introduced bacterial strains contributed to an increase in the adaptive capacity and had a phytostimulating effect on the development of plants. The plant survival rate in the process of adaptation to ex vitro conditions is most influenced by the P. putida 09-10 strain compared to the control. The bacterial preparation Fitosporin-M contributes to the improvement of biometric parameters of plant growth.