scholarly journals Fusarium spp. Causing Dry Rot of Seed Potato Tubers in Michigan and Their Sensitivity to Fungicides

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (12) ◽  
pp. 1767-1774 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Gachango ◽  
L. E. Hanson ◽  
A. Rojas ◽  
J. J. Hao ◽  
W. W. Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Seed Potato ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Potato Storage ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Dry Rot ◽  
Prevalent Species ◽  
Isolated Species ◽  
Storage Facilities

A survey of seed potato tubers in Michigan seed production storage facilities was carried out during 2009 and 2010. Fusarium spp. associated with tuber dry rot symptoms were identified to species and tested for sensitivity to difenoconazole, fludioxonil, and thiabendazole. Symptomatic tubers (n = 370) were collected from a total of 51 seed lots, from which 228 isolates of Fusarium were recovered and identified to 11 species. Fusarium oxysporum was the most commonly isolated species (30.3%), followed by F. equiseti (19.3%). F. sambucinum and F. avenaceum were third most prevalent (each at 13.6%). Less prevalent species (each at 4 to 10%) included F. cerealis, F. solani, and F. acuminatum; and species present at ≤3% included F. sporotrichioides, F. torulosum, F. tricinctum, and F. graminearum. Representative isolates of all species were pathogenic when inoculated onto seed tubers (‘Dark Red Norland’). Isolates of F. sambucinum were the most virulent. All 228 isolates of Fusarium were sensitive to difenoconazole (effective fungicide concentration that caused 50% inhibition of mycelial growth [EC50] < 5 mg/liter). Insensitivity to fludioxonil (EC50 > 100 mg/liter) was detected only for F. sambucinum and F. oxysporum isolates at 8.9 and 20.4%, respectively. All isolates were sensitive to thiabendazole (EC50 < 5 mg/liter), except for those of F. sambucinum (EC50 > 100 mg/liter). Therefore, knowledge of what Fusarium spp. are present in seed potato storage facilities in Michigan may be important if using fludioxonil or thiabendazole for seed piece treatment but not when using difenoconazole.

scholarly journals Autophagy Related Gene (ATG3) is a Key Regulator for Cell Growth, Development, and Virulence of Fusarium oxysporum

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid ◽  
Lv ◽  
Naeem ◽  
Mehmood ◽  
Shaheen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Yield Enhancement ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Dry Rot ◽  
Genome Database ◽  
Growth Development

Fusarium oxysporum is the most important pathogen of potatoes which causes post-harvest destructive losses and deteriorates the market value of potato tubers worldwide. Here, F. oxysporum was used as a host pathogen model system and it was revealed that autophagy plays a vital role as a regulator in the morphology, cellular growth, development, as well as the pathogenicity of F. oxysporum. Previous studies based upon identification of the gene responsible for encoding the autophagy pathway components from F. oxysporum have shown putative orthologs of 16 core autophagy related-ATG genes of yeast in the genome database which were autophagy-related and comprised of ubiquitin-like protein atg3. This study elucidates the molecular mechanism of the autophagy-related gene Foatg3 in F. oxysporum. A deletion (∆) mutants of F. oxysporum (Foatg3∆) was generated to evaluate nuclear dynamics. As compared to wild type and Foatg3 overexpression (OE) strains, Foatg3∆ strains failed to show positive MDC (monodansylcadaverine) staining which revealed that Foatg3 is compulsory for autophagy in F. oxysporum. A significant reduction in conidiation and hyphal growth was shown by the Foatg3∆ strains resulting in loss of virulence on potato tubers. The hyphae of Foatg3∆ mutants contained two or more nuclei within one hyphal compartment while wild type hyphae were composed of uninucleate hyphal compartments. Our findings reveal that the vital significance of Foatg3 as a key target in controlling the dry rot disease in root crops and potato tubers at the postharvest stage has immense potential of disease control and yield enhancement.

scholarly journals Indole-Containing Phytoalexin-Based Bioisosteres as Antifungals: In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation against Fusarium oxysporum

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Andrea Angarita-Rodríguez ◽  
Diego Quiroga ◽  
Ericsson Coy-Barrera
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Molecular Mechanic ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Molecular Interaction Fields ◽  
Poisson Boltzmann

There is a continuous search for more reliable and effective alternatives to control phytopathogens through different strategies. In this context, indole-containing phytoalexins are stimuli-induced compounds implicated in plant defense against plant pathogens. However, phytoalexins’ efficacy have been limited by fungal detoxifying mechanisms, thus, the research on bioisosteres-based analogs can be a friendly alternative regarding the control of Fusarium phytopathogens, but there are currently few studies on it. Thus, as part of our research on antifungal agents, a set of 21 synthetic indole-containing phytoalexin analogs were evaluated as inhibitors against the phyopathogen Fusarium oxysporum. Results indicated that analogs of the N,N-dialkylthiourea, N,S-dialkyldithiocarbamate and substituted-1,3-thiazolidin-5-one groups exhibited the best docking scores and interaction profiles within the active site of Fusarium spp. enzymes. Vina scores exhibited correlation with experimental mycelial growth inhibition using supervised statistics, and this antifungal dataset correlated with molecular interaction fields after CoMFA. Compound 24 (tert-butyl (((3-oxo-1,3-diphenylpropyl)thio)carbonothioyl)-l-tryptophanate), a very active analog against F. oxysporum, exhibited the best interaction with lanosterol 14α-demethylase according to molecular docking, molecular dynamics and molecular mechanic/poisson-boltzmann surface area (MM/PBSA) binding energy performance. After data analyses, information on mycelial growth inhibitors, structural requirements and putative enzyme targets may be used in further antifungal development based on phytoalexin analogs for controlling phytopathogens.

scholarly journals Diversity of Fusarium spp. associated with dry rot of potato tubers in Poland

2016 ◽  
Vol 145 (4) ◽  
pp. 871-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil Stefańczyk ◽  
Sylwester Sobkowiak ◽  
Marta Brylińska ◽  
Jadwiga Śliwka
Keyword(s):  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Dry Rot

scholarly journals Isolation, Identification and Preservation of Fusarium Spp. Causing Dry Rot of Potato Tubers

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
Emil Stefańczyk ◽  
Sylwester Sobkowiak
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Dry Rot ◽  
Crop Losses ◽  
Genus Fusarium ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Term Storage

Abstract Fungi of the genus Fusarium cause dry rot, a potato disease which develops during long-term storage of tubers. The disease-inducing capabilities differ among Fusarium spp., but may also vary within species universally considered main dry rot agents. Identification of Fusarium spp. present on diseased tubers in a surveyed area can help minimize crop losses and mycotoxin contamination by, for example, applying proper fungicides or planning crop rotation. Here, we present a procedure of obtaining single spore colonies of Fusarium spp. from potato tubers infected by dry rot, their identification using molecular methods and ways of preservation.

scholarly journals Elicitation of Phytoalexin rishitin in Potato Tuber Slices Infected by Fusarium spp., Does it Consider a Factor of Pathogenicity?

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
Mostafa H. Mostafa
Keyword(s):  
Potato Tuber ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Dry Rot ◽  
Fusarium Dry Rot ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Short Time

Potato tubers, under storage conditions, suffer from Fusarium dry rot disease caused by Fusarium spp. leading to devastating losses of stored tubers.  Newly harvested tubers are resistance toward Fusarium infection, but disease becomes more vigorous by increasing storage period.  Inoculation of potato tuber slices of Desiree cv. (highly susceptible) or Spunta cv. (highly resistant) either by a weak pathogen (F. moniliforme) or severe pathogen (F. solani) and tracking accumulation of phytoalexin rishitin in inoculated tissues at different intervals from inoculation revealed that Desiree cv. accumulated high amounts of rishitin in a very short time in comparison to another three tested situations. Dipping of potato tuber slices of both cvs. in different concentrations of the known antibiotic chloramphenicol prior to inoculation with a weak pathogen (F. moniliforme) led to increased disease severity associated with accumulation huge amounts of rishitin in inoculated tissues. The correlation coefficient between disease severity and rishitin production was +0.83.  Moreover, the reaction of spunta cv. toward inoculation by a weak pathogen was changed from the state of resistance to very severe susceptibility.  Since chloramphenicol affects protein synthesis on 70S ribosome’s, it was postulated that it prevents synthesis of factor(s) take a part in cell death during infection. Mitochondria extracted from potato tuber tissues secret compound(s) decreased rishitin synthesis in potato tuber slices treated with mycelia extract of F. solani. Treatment of isolated mitochondria with this antibiotic led to the elimination of this factor(s) from their secretions. Results obtained revealed that the elicitation of phytoalexins may consider one of pathogenicity factor of such system.

scholarly journals Identification and pathogenicity of Fusarium spp. associated with tuber dry rot and wilt of potato in Algeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Azil ◽  
Emil Stefańczyk ◽  
Sylwester Sobkowiak ◽  
Saliha Chihat ◽  
Houda Boureghda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potato Tuber ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Fusarium Sambucinum ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Dry Rot ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Potato Dry Rot ◽  
Potato Wilt

AbstractFusarium is one of the most important genera of phytopathogenic fungi, causing potato wilt in the field and potato tuber dry rot during storage. The objectives of this study were to identify Fusarium species associated with both potato diseases in different growing regions in Algeria, and to assess their pathogenicity. Among the 152 isolates collected from symptomatic potato plants and tubers in different provinces in Algeria, 13 species of Fusarium and Neocosmospora were identified. Among these three species were isolated only from plants showing symptoms of Fusarium potato wilt (F. oxysporum, F. venenatum, Neocosmospora solani). Two species (F. culmorum, N. tonkinensis) and an isolate of Neocosmospora sp. were found exclusively in tubers with potato dry rot and the remaining ones (F. redolens, F. cf. tricinctum, F. sambucinum, F. cf. incarnatum-equiseti, F. nygamai, F. brachygibbosum and N. falciformis) were associated with both sample types. Fusarium sambucinum was the most frequent species (52.6% of isolates). Fusarium oxysporum and F. nygamai isolates were the most aggressive in the potato wilt pathogenicity test, and F. sambucinum isolates were the most aggressive in the potato tuber pathogenicity test. This is the first study identifying and characterizing potato dry rot and potato wilt pathogens in Algeria.

scholarly journals Identification of Fusarium spp. Associated with Potato Tubers in Upper Egypt by Morphological and Molecular Characters

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssuf A. Gherbawy ◽  
Mohamed A. Hussein ◽  
Eman G. A. El-Dawy ◽  
Nabila A. Hassany ◽  
Saad A. Alamri
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Dry Rot ◽  
Upper Egypt ◽  
Fusarium Dry Rot ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Highly Virulent

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important crop which holds promise for food security considering the global population growth rate. Fusarium dry rot is one of the most significant diseases of potato. To build up strategies for the control of this disease, it ought to be made primarily a correct diagnosis and identification of the pathogen. A total of 504 Fusarium isolates were recovered from potato tubers collected from Upper Egypt. Fusarium isolates were identified based on morphology and partial DNA sequencing of β-tubulin (TUB) genes. 62.5% of the isolates were identified as F. sambucinum, followed F. oxysporum (57.5%), then F. verticillioides (56.25%) and F. incarnatum (47.5%). All the tested Fusarium species were able to produce amylase. The pathogenicity of the isolates was tested by inoculation of healthy potato tubers; all of the tested isolates were pathogenic to healthy potato tubers. F. sambucinum had a highly virulent effect.

Chitosan is an effective inhibitor against potato dry rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum

2021 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 101601
Author(s):  
Jie Ren ◽  
Jie Tong ◽  
Peihua Li ◽  
Xiaoqing Huang ◽  
Pan Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Effective Inhibitor ◽  
Dry Rot ◽  
Potato Dry Rot

scholarly journals Use of Quantitative Molecular Diagnostic Assays to Investigate Fusarium Dry Rot in Potato Stocks and Soil

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (12) ◽  
pp. 1462-1471 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Cullen ◽  
I. K. Toth ◽  
Y. Pitkin ◽  
N. Boonham ◽  
K. Walsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Dry Rot ◽  
Diagnostic Assays ◽  
Final Harvest

Specific and sensitive quantitative diagnostics, based on real-time (TaqMan) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, were developed to detect dry-rot-causing Fusarium spp. (F. avenaceum, F. coeruleum, F. culmorum, and F. sulphureum). Each assay detected Fusarium spp. on potato seed stocks with equal efficiency. Four potato stocks, sampled over two seed generations from Scottish stores, were contaminated with F. avenaceum, F. sulphureum, F. culmorum, F. coeruleum or a combination of species, and there was a general trend towards increased Fusarium spp. contamination in the second generation of seed sampled. F. sulphureum and F. coeruleum caused significantly (P < 0.05) more disease in storage than the other species when disease-free tubers of potato cvs. Spunta and Morene were inoculated at a range of inoculum concentrations (0, 104, 105, and 106 conidia/ml). Increased DNA levels were correlated with increased disease severity between 8 and 12 weeks of storage. The threshold inoculum levels resulting in significant disease development on both cultivars were estimated to be 104 conidia/ml for F. sulphureum and 105 conidia/ml for F. coeruleum. To study the effect of soil infestation and harvest date on disease incidence, seed tubers of cvs. Morene and Spunta were planted in a field plot artificially infested with the four Fusarium spp. F. culmorum and F. sulphureum were detected in soil taken from these plots at harvest, and F. sulphureum DNA levels increased significantly (P < 0.05) at the final harvest. All four Fusarium spp. were detected in progeny tubers. There was a trend toward higher levels of F. culmorum detected in progeny tubers at the earliest harvest date, and higher levels of F. sulphureum at the final harvest. The use of diagnostic assays to detect fungal storage rot pathogens and implications for disease control strategies are discussed.

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