scholarly journals The Incidence of Root-Knot Nematodes Meloidogyne arenaria, M. incognita, and M. javanica on Vegetables and Weeds in Montenegro

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (11) ◽  
pp. 1514-1514 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Pajovic ◽  
S. Širca ◽  
B. Geric Stare ◽  
G. Urek
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Species ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Meloidogyne Arenaria ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are common pathogens that parasitize vegetables and other crops and cause significant yield reductions worldwide. In the early spring of 2006, severe plant stunting, chlorosis, and extensive root galling were observed on cucumber plants grown in a greenhouse on Zeta plain, Zetska ravnica, Montenegro. In the summer and autumn of 2006, infected roots of different crops were collected from greenhouses and vegetable production fields of Zeta plain, which represents the largest area of Montenegro's vegetable production. Several vegetable crops were found to be infected with root-knot nematodes, including tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), squash (Cucurbita pepo L.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Symptoms on these crops included root-galling, leaf chlorosis, and stunting. Heavily infected tomato plants growing in two greenhouses also displayed early flower and fruit drop. Nematode species were determined based on characterization of (i) female perineal patterns, (ii) male and second-stage juvenile morphology (2,3), and (iii) esterase and malate dehydrogenase phenotypes (PhastSystem; Amersham Biosciences, Piscataway, NJ) from young egg-laying females (1). The most prevalent species was M. incognita, which was isolated from the roots of tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers, and lettuce from nine locations. Meloidogyne arenaria was detected at three locations from the roots of tomatoes grown in a greenhouse and the weeds Convolvulus arvensis L. and Solanum nigrum L., which were growing in open fields in separate locations. M. javanica was found on tomato and squash in the same field where M. arenaria was also found on S. nigrum. M. javanica was isolated from tomato and squash. In this study, we found high incidence of Meloidogyne spp. in intensive vegetable production areas of Montenegro. The implementation of an effective integrated pest management program is essential for future use of infested areas. To our knowledge, this is the first report of M. arenaria, M. incognita, and M. javanica from Montenegro. References: (1) P. R. Esbenshade and A. C. Triantaphyllou. J. Nematol. 17:6, 1985. (2) S. B. Jepson. Identification of Root-Knot Nematodes. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 1987. (3) G. Karssen. The Plant-Parasitic Nematode Genus Meloidogyne Göldi, 1892 (Tylenchida) in Europe. Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, the Netherlands, 2002.

scholarly journals Differences in Feeding Sites Induced by Root-Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., in Chickpea

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 368-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Vovlas ◽  
Hava F. Rapoport ◽  
Rafael M. Jiménez Díaz ◽  
Pablo Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Giant Cell ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Feeding Site ◽  
Feeding Sites ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Meloidogyne Species

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are sedentary, obligate endoparasites in plants, where they induce specialized feeding sites. The feeding sites act as strong metabolic sinks to which photosynthates are mobilized. The histopathological modifications in the nematode-induced feeding sites of artificially inoculated chickpea cv. UC 27 were qualitatively and quantitatively compared using five isolates of M. artiellia and one isolate each of M. arenaria, M. incognita, and M. javanica. All Meloidogyne isolates infected chickpea plants, but root gall thickening was significantly less for M. artiellia isolates than for the other Meloidogyne species. Nevertheless, neither the number of giant cells in the feeding site (averaging four to six) nor the area of individual giant cells was influenced by nematode species or isolate. However, the number of nuclei per giant cell was significantly smaller, and the maximum diameters of nuclei and nucleoli were significantly greater, in giant cells induced by M. artiellia isolates than in those induced by M. arenaria, M. incognita, or M. javanica. In a second experiment, M. artiellia-induced giant cells in faba bean and rapeseed also contained a small number of large nuclei.

scholarly journals Reaction of weeds, found in vegetable production areas, to root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita and M. enterolobii

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-450
Author(s):  
Jadir B Pinheiro ◽  
Giovani Olegario da Silva ◽  
Danielle Biscaia ◽  
Amanda G Macedo ◽  
Núbia Maria Correia
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Hyptis Suaveolens ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Production Areas

ABSTRACT Root-knot nematodes cause great damage to vegetable crops in Brazil, besides having a large range of host plants, such as weeds. Weeds can maintain the inoculums or even favor the multiplication of these nematodes. In this study we evaluated the reaction of selected weed species, present in a vegetable production area, to root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita and M. enterolobii. The trials were conducted in a greenhouse at Embrapa Hortaliças, Brasília-DF, in a completely randomized design with six replicates. Fifteen weed species were evaluated for M. incognita race 1, and 16 weed species were evaluated for M. enterolobii. Two tomato cultivars were evaluated as resistance and susceptibility standards. Gall index (IG), egg mass index (IMO), number of eggs per gram of roots (eggs/g roots) and reproduction factor (FR) were evaluated. M. enterolobii survives and multiplies more easily in weeds collected in vegetable production areas than M. incognita race 1 and, the great majority of weed species evaluated in this study are hosts of both nematode species. Only the species Urena lobata, Sonchus oleraceus, Euphorbia heterophylla, Melampodium perfoliatum and Tagetes sp. were immune to M. incognita race 1. All evaluated species are either hosts or favor the multiplication of M. enterolobii. The species which are the most susceptible to M. incognita race 1, and therefore require greater control of crops infected by this nematode are Ipomoea nil, I. triloba and Eleusine indica, and for M. enterolobii are I. nil, Solanum americanum, Hyptis suaveolens, Portulaca oleracea, I. triloba and Euphorbia heterophylla.

Greenhouse and field resistance in cucumber to root-knot nematodes

Nematology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Alan Walters ◽  
Todd C. Wehner ◽  
Kenneth R. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Multiple Root ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Meloidogyne Arenaria ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Race 2

Abstract Ten cultigens were evaluated for resistance to Meloidogyne arenaria races 1 and 2, and M. javanica under greenhouse and field conditions. Resistance to M. arenaria races 1 and 2, and M. javanica was verified in Cucumis sativus var. hardwickii line LJ 90430 and to M. arenaria race 2 in C. sativus var. sativus Southern Pickler and Mincu in a greenhouse test. Another cultigen of C. sativus var. hardwickii (PI 215589) was found to be resistant to M. arenaria race 2 but not to other root-knot nematode species tested. LJ 90430 is the cultigen of choice to develop root-knot nematode resistant cucumbers, since it has multiple root-knot nematode resistance and is cross-compatible with cucumber. Greenhouse and field data were positively correlated (r = 0.74) over both years. Experiment repeatabilities were calculated from the cultigens infected with root-knot nematodes under both greenhouse and field conditions. Four environments (greenhouse and field over 2 years) were used in the analysis. Repeatabilities were high in all instances (ranging from 0.83-0.99) and indicated that the environment (field or greenhouse) was not an important factor in assessing root-knot nematode resistance for the cultigens evaluated. Resistenz von Gurkengegen Wurzelgallennematoden im Gewachshaus undim Freiland - Unter Gewachshausund Freilandbedingungen wurden zehn Cultigene auf ihre Resistenz gegen Meloidogyne arenaria Rassen 1 und 2 und gegen M. javanica gepruft. Bei Cucumis sativus var. hardwickii Linie LJ 90430 wurde im Gewachshausversuch Resistenz gegen M. arenaria Rassen 1 und 2 sowie gegen M. javanica nachgewiesen, und in C. sativus var. sativus "Southern Pickler" und "Mincu" Resistenz gegen M. arenaria Rasse 2. Cultigen C. sativus var. hardwickii (PI 215589) war resistent gegen M. arenaria Rasse 2 aber nicht gegen die anderen gepruften Arten von Wurzelgallennematoden. LJ 90430 ist das Cultigen der Wahl bei der Entwicklung von Gurken, die gegen Wurzelgallennematoden resistent sind, da es multiple Resistenzen gegen Wurzelgallennematoden besitzt und kreuzungsvertraglich mit Gurke ist. Die Ergebnisse der Gewachshaus- und Feldversuche waren uber beide Versuchsjahre hin positiv korreliert (r = 0,74). Ausgehend von den Cultigenen, die im Gewachshaus und im Freiland mit Wurzelgallennematoden infiziert waren, wurden die Wiederholbarkeiten der Versuche berechnet. Dabei wurden vier verschiedene Umweltbedingungen (Gewachshaus und Freiland uber zwei Jahre) verwendet. Die Wiederholbarkeiten waren in allen Fallen hoch (0,83-0,99) und zeigten an, dass die Umwelt (Freiland oder Gewachshaus) kein wichtiger Faktor bei der Bestimmung der Resistenz gegen Wurzelgallennematoden bei den gepruften Cultigenen war.

Development of a new management strategy for the control of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp) in organic vegetable production

2003 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon D Atkins ◽  
Leopoldo Hidalgo-Diaz ◽  
Helen Kalisz ◽  
Tim H Mauchline ◽  
Penny R Hirsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategy ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Organic Vegetable Production ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp

Natural occurrence of fungal egg parasites of root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. in organic and integrated vegetable production systems in Spain

BioControl ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariadna Giné ◽  
Manuel Bonmatí ◽  
Angela Sarro ◽  
Alberto Stchiegel ◽  
Jordi Valero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp

scholarly journals Characterization of lettuce genotypes for resistance to root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-245
Author(s):  
Jadir B Pinheiro ◽  
Giovani Olegário da Silva ◽  
Danielle Biscaia ◽  
Amanda G Macedo ◽  
Fábio A Suinaga
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Grand Rapids ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Susceptible Control ◽  
Gall Index

ABSTRACT Genetic resistance is the most suitable mechanism to control root-knot nematodes in lettuce. However, information about the resistance levels of currently used lettuce cultivars is scarce in the literature. Thus, the objective of this research was to characterize lettuce cultivars for resistance to root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita (Mi) and M. javanica (Mj), aiming the identification of resistance sources for breeding, and to transfer information to the productive sector. We evaluated 97 lettuce genotypes in tree trials. In the first one (preliminary assessment), 92 lettuce genotypes were inoculated simultaneously with M. incognita race 1 and M. javanica species, 17 days after sowing. The gall index (GI) was evaluated 41 days after inoculation. In the second trial nine genotypes, selected from the first trial, were evaluated; and in the third trial, two new cultivars from Embrapa were evaluated. In the last two trials, the nematode species were inoculated separately, and the egg mass index (EMI), number of eggs per gram of roots (NEGR) and reproduction factor (RF) were also evaluated. In both trials, the lettuce cultivars Salinas 88 and Grand Rapids were used as resistant controls, as well as cultivar Irene as the susceptible control. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and treatments means grouping by Scott-Knott´s test. The crisp leaf cultivars presented a higher degree of resistance to the root-knot nematodes compared to the smooth leaf type cultivars. Cultivars Vera and Amanda present resistance to M. incognita, and Vanda to M. javanica. ‘Salinas 88’ present resistance mainly to M. javanica; while cultivar Mônica and the Embrapa cultivars BRS Leila and BRS Mediterrânea are resistant to both nematode species.

scholarly journals First Report of Root-Knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) on Sunflowers in Mozambique

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 1333-1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zazzerini ◽  
L. Tosi ◽  
P. M. Vicente
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Personal Communication ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
First Report ◽  
Alternaria Helianthi ◽  
Disease Surveys ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) recently was reintroduced to Mozambique because of renewed interest in oil-seed production for domestic consumption. In April 1997, disease surveys were carried out in two fields in southern Mozambique (Maputo region). Several plants of Pan 735, a South African cultivar, showed yellowing of the leaves and stunting. These plants wilted during the day but recovered their turgidity at night. Diseased plants were easily pulled from the soil due to almost complete destruction of the root system. Numerous galls were found on affected roots, compared with healthy plants. Meloidogyne javanica (Treub) Chitwood and M. incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood were identified by M. Di Vito (personal communication) based on 20 female perineal patterns observed with a light microscope. M. incognita was more prevalent than M. javanica. Also observed were Alternaria helianthi (Hansf.) Tubaki & Nishihara and Sclerotium bataticola Taub. Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), common on sunflower, cause severe damage and reduce both seed yield and seed oil content (1). These two nematode species have also been observed on sunflower in other African countries (Zambia, South Africa, Egypt) but this is the first report of root-knot nematode on sunflower in Mozambique. Reference: (1) M. Di Vito et al. Nematol. Medit. 24:109, 1996.

scholarly journals An update on the occurrence of resistance-breaking populations of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) on resistant tomato in Greece with six new records from Crete

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-65
Author(s):  
E.A. Tzortzakakis ◽  
M.-C. Vieira dos Santos ◽  
I. Conceição
Keyword(s):  
New Records ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Major Area ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Resistance Breaking ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Greenhouse Vegetable ◽  
First Time ◽  
Greenhouse Vegetable Production

Summary The available published information on the occurrence of resistance-breaking populations of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) on resistant tomato in Greece is updated. Within the period 1994-2013, 13 populations (11 M. javanica and 2 M. incognita) able to reproduce on resistant tomato had been recorded in the regions of Crete, Epirus, Thrace, Peloponissos and Macedonia. In the present study six more resistance-breaking populations, four M. javanica and two M. incognita, were detected in the period 2013-2014, all originating from greenhouse vegetables in Crete. Four of these populations, two M. javanica and two M. incognita, originated from the region of Ierapetra. This is the first time that such populations are found in this major area of greenhouse vegetable production of Crete.

scholarly journals Sugarcane Field Residue and Bagasse Allelopathic Impact on Vegetable Seed Germination

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles L. Webber III ◽  
Paul M. White Jr ◽  
Derek S. Landrum ◽  
Douglas J. Spaunhorst ◽  
Darcey G. Wayment
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Sugarcane Field ◽  
Chinese Kale

The chemical interaction between plants, which is referred to as allelopathy, may result in the inhibition of plant growth and development. The objective of this research was to determine the allelopathic impact of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) var. ‘HoCP 96-540’ field residue and sugarcane bagasse extracts on the germination of three vegetable crops. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. alboglabra Bailey), and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seeds were treated with 4 extract concentrations (0, 16.7, 33.3, and 66.7 g/L) from either sugarcane field residue or sugarcane bagasse extracts. Germination of the tomato, Chinese kale, and cucumber seeds decreased as concentration of sugarcane field residue extracts increased. At the highest residue concentration (66.7 g/L), germination decreased by 44%, 82%, and 88% for tomato, Chinese kale, and cucumber, respectively. These results would indicate that sugarcane field residue would not be a suitable natural mulch or soil amendment for local vegetable production, especially where the vegetables were direct-seeded. If evaluated correctly, the sugarcane field residue may be an effective natural mulch for perennial ornamental plants in landscape applications, serving as a physical and chemical barrier to germinating and emerging weed species. Sugarcane bagasse extracts did not inhibit Chinese kale and cucumber germination, and only inhibited tomato germination by 13% at the greatest concentration (66.7 g/L) in 1 experiment. As the first documented bioassay implicating bagasse as allelopathic active, further research should investigate the subject using higher concentrations, and additional sugarcane and tomato varieties. Except for the one instance with tomato germination, it appears that sugarcane bagasse has potential as a natural mulch for vegetable production, although the mulch would only be a physical barrier to weed establishment and not a allelopathic chemical barrier. Future research should determine the allelopathic active compounds in sugarcane field residue and if the concentration of allelopathic chemicals vary by sugarcane variety.

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