scholarly journals Fusarium Species Pathogenic to Barley and Their Associated Mycotoxins

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
pp. 667-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Salas ◽  
B. J. Steffenson ◽  
H. H. Casper ◽  
B. Tacke ◽  
L. K. Prom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Dakota ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Red River ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Red River Valley ◽  
Fusarium Poae ◽  
Respective Species

Epidemics of Fusarium head blight (FHB) occurred on barley in Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota from 1993 to 1998. The Red River Valley region was most severely impacted by the disease based on assessments of FHB severity in grain samples harvested from commercial fields. Fusarium graminearum was the primary pathogen causing these FHB epidemics. It comprised from 62 to 64% of all Fusarium species isolated from infected kernels from 1994 to 1996. Fusarium poae (range of isolation 13 to 20%),F. sporotrichioides (10 to 17%), and F. avenaceum (6 to 10%) also were isolated from barley kernels and were likely involved in causing some FHB infection, but to a very limited extent. All four Fusarium species were pathogenic on barley in inoculation tests conducted in both the greenhouse and the field. Mycotoxin screens were performed on barley spikes inoculated with the respective species in the greenhouse. Spikes infected with F. graminearum contained deoxynivalenol and 15-acetyldeoxyni-valenol; those infected with F. sporotrichioides contained T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, and T-2 tetraol; and those infected with F. poae contained nivalenol. Some isolates of F. poae also produced 15-acetoxyscirpenol and scirpentriol. Although F. graminearum and DON are recognized as the primary FHB pathogen and mycotoxin, respectively, in barley, the possible presence of other Fusarium species and mycotoxins should not be overlooked.

scholarly journals Agronomic and Economic Responses of Spring Wheat to Management of Fusarium Head Blight

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (9) ◽  
pp. 1339-1348 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Hollingsworth ◽  
C. D. Motteberg ◽  
J. V. Wiersma ◽  
L. M. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Red River ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Cultivar Resistance ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fungicide Treatment ◽  
Red River Valley ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) crop losses in the Red River Valley of Minnesota and North Dakota caused by Fusarium head blight (FHB) epidemics incited by Fusarium graminearum are common. Fungicide application is often recommended when environments promote disease development but benefits have not been fully evaluated when environment, cultivar resistance, and economic outcome are considered. Agronomic and economic characters were determined for cultivars with various resistance levels when treated with no fungicide; propiconazole at 63 g active ingredient (a.i.)/ha applied at Feekes growth stage (FGS) 2, tebuconazole at 126 g a.i./ha applied at FGS 10.51, or propiconazole at 63 g a.i./ha applied at FGS 2 followed by tebuconazole at 126 g a.i./ha applied at FGS 10.51. Revenue returned from FHB moderately susceptible (MS) cultivars was 8% greater than moderately resistant (MR) cultivars in low-disease environs but differences were not significant when disease was moderate. Deoxynivalenol accumulation in grain of MS and MR cultivars was unchanged by fungicide treatment. MS cultivars were economically more adventitious to grow than MR cultivars in both disease environments.

scholarly journals Effects of fungicides applied at anthesis on Fusarium head blight and mycotoxins in wheat

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 341-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.G. Cromey ◽  
R.A. Parkes ◽  
K.I. Sinclair ◽  
D.R. Lauren ◽  
R.C. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Microdochium Nivale ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Strobilurin Fungicides

Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat can cause yield losses of 3070 More importantly affected grain may be less palatable to stock than healthy grain and may contain mycotoxins A field trial in 2000/01 tested several fungicides and fungicide combinations for FHB control FHB incidence was 91 in untreated plots The greatest reduction of FHB incidence grain Fusarium and mycotoxins was achieved with triazoles a benzimadazole or a combination of these Strobilurin fungicides reduced FHB although less effectively than the triazoles and carbendazim but Fusarium incidence was greater in grain harvested from strobilurintreated plots than in grain from untreated plots Combining strobilurin fungicides with fungicides from other groups did not further reduce Fusarium levels in harvested grain Nine Fusarium species and Microdochium nivale were isolated from grain harvested from the trial Fusarium graminearum and F avenaceum were most commonly isolated with F crookwellense and F culmorum also common

Fusarium graminearum populations from maize and wheat in Ontario, Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-366
Author(s):  
T. Crippin ◽  
V. Limay-Rios ◽  
J.B. Renaud ◽  
A.W. Schaafsma ◽  
M.W. Sumarah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Potential Toxicity ◽  
Large Gradient ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Dominant Genotype

Ontario has suffered widespread epidemics of Fusarium Head Blight or Gibberella Ear Rot roughly every five years since the late 1970s. We undertook a study of the chemotype and genotype of Fusarium graminearum isolated from 1,800 samples of wheat and maize collected across the cereal growing areas over three years. 468 isolates obtained were genotyped and 60 were selected for chemotyping. The dominant genotype has remained the native 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON) population. Approximately 20% of the strains tested were of the native chemotype producing only 15-ADON and one strain producing solely 7α-hydroxy,15-deacetylcalonectrin (3ANX) was observed. The majority of the 15-ADON strains were also capable of producing 3ANX. There was consistent mismatch between chemotype and genotype. This reflects the considerable plasticity in the genes associated with trichothecene biosynthesis documented in several Fusarium species. Although there is a large gradient in climate from southern to eastern Ontario, we did not detect differences in the distribution of the chemotypes. Grain from which strains were isolated for chemotyping were analysed. Approximately half of the 53 samples had >2 mg/kg deoxynivalenol with a maximum of 400 mg/kg and median of 14 mg/kg. 7α-hydroxy,3,15-dideacetylcalonectrin (NX toxin) was detected in three of these samples at an average of 4.5 mg/kg. The stability of the F. graminearum genotype in Ontario can be explained by several factors. Since 1980, the area planted to maize has remained stable, however, the area given to wheat has about doubled. Minimum tillage was rare in 1980 but it is now the norm. Increased crop residue on the soil has greatly increased the biomass of ascocarps that overwinter. Overall, these data demonstrate the need to monitor the mycotoxins in Fusarium populations and for the need to consider the potential toxicity of NX in the feed supply.

scholarly journals Fusarium head blight (FHB) and Fusarium populations in grain of winter wheat grown in different cultivation systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leszek Lenc
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Poae ◽  
Conventional Systems ◽  
Wheat Kernels

Abstract Fusarium head blight (FHB) incidence, and colonisation of grain by Fusarium species on winter wheat grown in organic, integrated, and conventional systems as well as in monoculture, were studied locally in Poland, from 2002 to 2010. Fusarium head blight incidence differed throughout the study years. It was found to occur the most where rainfall was highest and where rainfall was the most prolonged before, during, and after flowering of wheat. Fusarium head blight incidence was generally less on wheat grown organically than on wheat grown in other systems. In some years, FHB was noted more in monocultures than in other systems. Fusarium poae was the most common species of FHB populations in wheat kernels, followed by F. avenaceum and F. tricinctum. Other species which occurred more rarely or sporadically were: F. culmorum, F. equiseti, F. graminearum, F. langsethiae, F. oxysporum, and F. sporotrichioides. There were found to be significant effects of the cropping system on grain colonisation by Fusarium in some years. There was a positive correlation between FHB incidence and number of kernels colonised and damaged by Fusarium, in all four systems. Inferences were drawn concerning the effects of different procedures in different production systems and the possible value for controlling FHB

scholarly journals Apicidin biosynthesis is linked to accessory chromosomes in Fusarium poae isolates

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Witte ◽  
Linda J. Harris ◽  
Hai D. T. Nguyen ◽  
Anne Hermans ◽  
Anne Johnston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene ◽  
Metabolome Analysis ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Fusarium Poae ◽  
Accessory Chromosomes

Abstract Background Fusarium head blight is a disease of global concern that reduces crop yields and renders grains unfit for consumption due to mycotoxin contamination. Fusarium poae is frequently associated with cereal crops showing symptoms of Fusarium head blight. While previous studies have shown F. poae isolates produce a range of known mycotoxins, including type A and B trichothecenes, fusarins and beauvericin, genomic analysis suggests that this species may have lineage-specific accessory chromosomes with secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters awaiting description. Methods We examined the biosynthetic potential of 38 F. poae isolates from Eastern Canada using a combination of long-read and short-read genome sequencing and untargeted, high resolution mass spectrometry metabolome analysis of extracts from isolates cultured in multiple media conditions. Results A high-quality assembly of isolate DAOMC 252244 (Fp157) contained four core chromosomes as well as seven additional contigs with traits associated with accessory chromosomes. One of the predicted accessory contigs harbours a functional biosynthetic gene cluster containing homologs of all genes associated with the production of apicidins. Metabolomic and genomic analyses confirm apicidins are produced in 4 of the 38 isolates investigated and genomic PCR screening detected the apicidin synthetase gene APS1 in approximately 7% of Eastern Canadian isolates surveyed. Conclusions Apicidin biosynthesis is linked to isolate-specific putative accessory chromosomes in F. poae. The data produced here are an important resource for furthering our understanding of accessory chromosome evolution and the biosynthetic potential of F. poae.

scholarly journals Screening of Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.) Italian Cultivars for Susceptibility to Fusarium Head Blight Incited by Fusarium graminearum

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Gaetano Bentivenga ◽  
Alfio Spina ◽  
Karim Ammar ◽  
Maria Allegra ◽  
Santa Olga Cacciola
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Italian Origin

In 2009, a set of 35 cultivars of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.) of Italian origin was screened for fusarium head blight (FHB) susceptibility at CIMMYT (Mexico) and in the 2019–20 cropping season, 16 of these cultivars, which had been included in the Italian National Plant Variety Register, were tested again in southern and northern Italy. Wheat cultivars were artificially inoculated during anthesis with a conidial suspension of Fusarium graminearum sensu lato using a standard spray inoculation method. Inoculum was a mixture of mono-conidial isolates sourced in the same areas where the trials were performed. Isolates had been characterized on the basis of morphological characteristics and by DNA PCR amplification using a specific primer set and then selected for their virulence and ability to produce mycotoxins. The susceptibility to FHB was rated on the basis of the disease severity, disease incidence and FHB index. Almost all of the tested cultivars were susceptible or very susceptible to FHB with the only exception of “Duprì”, “Tiziana” and “Dylan” which proved to be moderately susceptible. The susceptibility to FHB was inversely correlated with the plant height and flowering biology, the tall and the late heading cultivars being less susceptible.

Near-infrared versus visual sorting of Fusarium-damaged kernels in winter wheat

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 1087-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen N Wegulo ◽  
Floyd E Dowell
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Key Words Wheat

Fusarium head blight (scab) of wheat, caused by Fusarium graminearum, often results in shriveled and/or discolored kernels, which are referred to as Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK). FDK is a major grain grading factor and therefore is routinely determined for purposes of quality assurance. Measurement of FDK is usually done visually. Visual sorting can be laborious and is subject to inconsistencies resulting from variability in intra-rater repeatability and/or inter-rater reliability. The ability of a single-kernel near-infrared (SKNIR) system to detect FDK was evaluated by comparing FDK sorted by the system to FDK sorted visually. Visual sorting was strongly correlated with sorting by the SKNIR system (0.89 ≤ r ≤ 0.91); however, the SKNIR system had a wider range of FDK detection and was more consistent. Compared with the SKNIR system, visual raters overestimated FDK in samples with a low percentage of Fusarium-damaged grain and underestimated FDK in samples with a high percentage of Fusarium-damaged grain. Key words: Wheat, Fusarium head blight, Fusarium-damaged kernels, single-kernel near-infrared

scholarly journals Survival of Fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of Fusarium head blight. A review

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann Leplat ◽  
Hanna Friberg ◽  
Muhammad Abid ◽  
Christian Steinberg
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Head Blight

Impact of the biofungicide tetramycin on the development of Fusarium head blight, grain yield and deoxynivalenol accumulation in wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-246
Author(s):  
W.Q. Shi ◽  
L.B. Xiang ◽  
D.Z. Yu ◽  
S.J. Gong ◽  
L.J. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Key Aspects

Fusarium graminearum causes Fusarium head blight (FHB), a devastating disease that leads to extensive yield and quality loss in wheat and barley production. Integrated pest management (IPM) is required to control this disease and biofungicides, such as tetramycin, could be a novel addition to IPM strategies. The current study investigated in vitro tetramycin toxicity in Fusarium graminearum and evaluated its effectiveness for the control of Fusarium head blight FHB. Tetramycin was shown to affect three key aspects of Fusarium pathogenicity: spore germination, mycelium growth and deoxynivalenol (DON) production. The in vitro results indicated that tetramycin had strong inhibitory activity on the mycelial growth and spore germination. Field trials indicated that tetramycin treatment resulted in a significant reduction in both the FHB disease index and the level of DON accumulation. The reduced DON content in harvested grain was correlated with the amount of Tri5 mRNA determined by qRT-PCR. Synergistic effects between tetramycin and metconazole, in both the in vitro and field experiments were found. Tetramycin could provide an alternative option to control FHB.

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