scholarly journals Solanaceous Weeds as Possible Sources of Cucumber mosaic virus in Southern Illinois for Aphid Transmission to Pepper

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (11) ◽  
pp. 1221-1224 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Hobbs ◽  
D. M. Eastburn ◽  
C. J. D'Arcy ◽  
J. D. Kindhart ◽  
J. B. Masiunas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Aphid Transmission ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Southern Illinois ◽  
Specific Reactions

Over 5,000 individual plants representing approximately 55 species from an area in southern Illinois where Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) has been a major problem in pepper (Capsicum annuum) were tested for the presence of CMV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Representative ELISA-positive samples were checked by western blot tests to confirm virus-specific reactions. Nearly all of the infected plants detected were either Solanum ptycanthum (eastern black nightshade) or Physalis spp. (principally P. heterophylla, groundcherry). Over 1,000 pepper transplants and approximately 500 tomato transplants, collected prior to planting, were negative for CMV by ELISA. In aphid transmission (arena) experiments, all five aphid species tested were capable of transmitting CMV from nightshade to pepper: Aphis fabae subsp. solanella, Aphis gossypii, Myzus persicae, Rhopalosiphum padi, and Sitobion avenae. Aphis fabae subsp. solanella, A. gossypii, and A. nerii were able to transmit CMV from P. heterophylla to pepper. Aphis fabae subsp. solanella was commonly found colonizing nightshade from May through October in southern Illinois.

Dalmatian Toadflax (Linaria dalmatica): New Host for Cucumber Mosaic Virus

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney L. Pariera Dinkins ◽  
Sue K. Brumfield ◽  
Robert K. D. Peterson ◽  
William E. Grey ◽  
Sharlene E. Sing
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Aphid Transmission ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
New Host ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Linaria Dalmatica ◽  
Mechanical Methods ◽  
Dalmatian Toadflax

To date, there have been no reports of Dalmatian toadflax serving as a host for cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Infestations of Dalmatian toadflax may serve as a reservoir of CMV, thereby facilitating aphid transmission of CMV to both agricultural crops and native plants. The goal of this study was to determine whether Dalmatian toadflax is a host for CMV. Dalmatian toadflax seedlings were randomly assigned to two treatments (18 replicates/treatment): no inoculation (control) and inoculation with CMV (Fast New York strain). The Dalmatian toadflax seedlings were inoculated by standard mechanical methods and tested for the presence of CMV using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Ten of the 18 CMV-inoculated toadflax plants tested positive for the virus; 6 of the 18 displayed systemic mosaic chlorosis and leaf curling. All control plants tested negative. Transmission electron microscopy obtained from CMV-positive plants confirmed the presence of CMV based on physical properties. To verify CMV infestation, tobacco plants were assigned to the following treatments (six replicates/treatment): no inoculation (control), CMV-negative (control) inoculation, and a CMV-positive inoculation. Plants were inoculated by standard methods. Five of the 6 tobacco plants treated with the CMV-positive inoculum tested positive for CMV using ELISA. All control plants tested negative for the virus.

scholarly journals Analysis of Genetic Bottlenecks during Horizontal Transmission of Cucumber Mosaic Virus

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (17) ◽  
pp. 8345-8350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhtar Ali ◽  
Hongye Li ◽  
William L. Schneider ◽  
Diana J. Sherman ◽  
Stewart Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Viral Population ◽  
Infection Site ◽  
Systemic Movement ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Genetic Bottlenecks

ABSTRACT Genetic bottlenecks may occur in virus populations when only a few individuals are transferred horizontally from one host to another, or when a viral population moves systemically from the infection site. Genetic bottlenecks during the systemic movement of an RNA plant virus population were reported previously (H. Li and M. J. Roossinck, J. Virol. 78:10582-10587, 2004). In this study we mechanically inoculated an artificial population consisting of 12 restriction enzyme marker mutants of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) onto young leaves of squash plants and used two aphid species, Aphis gossypii and Myzus persicae, to transmit the virus populations from infected source plants to healthy squash plants. Horizontal transmission by aphids constituted a significant bottleneck, as the population in the aphid-inoculated plants contained far fewer mutants than the original inoculum source. Additional experiments demonstrated that genetic variation in the artificial population of CMV is not reduced during the acquisition of the virus but is significantly reduced during the inoculation period.

scholarly journals Temporal and spatial progress of Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV) in passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims)

2021 ◽  
pp. 284-289
Author(s):  
Roger Yochiharu Kotsubo ◽  
Karina Silva dos Santos ◽  
Lucas Henrique Fantin ◽  
Vitória Carolina Antunes Chaves ◽  
João Valdecir Casaroto Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Incidence Data ◽  
Cowpea Aphid ◽  
Aphid Vectors

Among the diseases that affect passion fruit, those causing fruit woodiness is considered the most important. Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV) is an important vírus that is transmitted by several aphid species during the bite, making the use of insecticides infeasible to control these vectors. In order to understand the epidemiological behavior of the disease, this study aimed to study the temporal progress and spatial pattern of CABMV in the field. Healthy seedlings of passion fruit with 2.0 meters height were implanted in the field condition at the experimental station of the IDR-Paraná, Brazil. The evaluations were performed weekly observing the symptoms of blister, mosaic, chlorosis and crinkled leaves. For the analyses, the logistic, gompertz and monomolecular models were adjusted to CABMV incidence data in passion fruit. The spatial pattern of the disease was characterized by the dispersion index and Taylor's Power Law. The logistic model was the one that best described the progress in the incidence of the disease. The incidence progress rate of CABMV was 0.037, 0.077 and 0.060 % day-1. At the beginning of the epidemic, the pattern was random. The initial dispersion mechanism was occured through aphid vectors, como Aphis gossypii Glover, Aphis fabae Scopoli, Aphis solanella Theobald, Toxoptera citricida Kilkaldy, Uroleucon ambrosiae Thomas and Uroleucon sonchi L. infected with CABMV that starts its test bite randomly. The pattern of disease dispersion began to be added when the incidence of plants reached 10 and 7%, in the 2015/16 and 2017/18 harvests, respectively. The random spatial pattern suggested that infected aphids enter several points of the orchard and infected plants become a source for secondary infections, characterizing aggregate pattern. Thus, the eradication of alternative hosts abroad can be adopted as management strategies of CABMV

scholarly journals Transmission Efficiency of Cucumber mosaic virus by Aphids Associated with Virus Epidemics in Snap Bean

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
pp. 1233-1241 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. E. Gildow ◽  
D. A. Shah ◽  
W. M. Sackett ◽  
T. Butzler ◽  
B. A. Nault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Virus Complex

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is a major component of the virus complex that has become more pronounced in snap bean in the midwestern and northeastern United States since 2001. Multiple-vector-transfer tests were done to estimate the CMV transmission efficiencies (p) of the main aphid species identified in commercial snap bean fields in New York and Pennsylvania. The four most efficient vectors (p > 0.05) were Aphis gossypii, A. glycines, Acyrthosiphon pisum, and Therioaphis trifolii, which were all significant species in the migratory aphid populations in snap bean. Moderately efficient vectors (0.01 < p < 0.04) were A. spiraecola, A. craccivora, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, and Rhopalosiphum maidis. Poor vectors (p < 0.01) included A. fabae, Nearctaphis bakeri, and Myzus persicae. Only one species, Sitobion avenae, failed to transmit CMV in replicated tests. Estimates of p were consistent between different clones of the same aphid species and among three different field isolates of CMV tested. Single-vector-transfer test results for a subset of the species supported those obtained via the multiple-vector-transfer approach. Our results are consistent with the notion that A. glycines is a major vector of recent CMV epidemics in snap bean, but that species is only one of several that are involved.

scholarly journals Flight activity of aphids as potential vectors of viral infection of alfalfa in Serbia

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Jovicic ◽  
Andja Radonjic ◽  
Olivera Petrovic-Obradovic
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Alfalfa Mosaic Virus ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Potential Vector ◽  
Vector Activity

Flight activity of aphids as potential vectors of viral infection of alfalfa plants were monitored in Serbia for the first time in Europe. Research was conducted at the location Progar (Srem) for two years using six yellow water traps. A total of 1626 individual winged aphids were collected. The collected specimens were classified into 49 different taxa. During the two-year study, maximum population density of aphids and maximum potential vector activity were noted at the beginning of June, during the second alfalfa intercut. More than 65% of the collected specimens were potential vectors of the most important alfalfa viruses, Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). The most numerous winged aphid species on alfalfa were Aphis craccivora, Aphis fabae, Aphis gossypii, Aphis pomi/spiraecola and Therioaphis trifolii. The Morisita-Horn similarity index was used to calculate similarities in species composition among the traps. High values of this index showed no significant differences among the aphids in traps. It indicates that one trap alone could provide good insight into the abundance, aphid diversity and number of potential vector species in small alfalfa fields.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Cucumber mosaic virus in Gerbera jamesonii in India

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (10) ◽  
pp. 1161-1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Verma ◽  
A. K. Singh ◽  
L. Singh ◽  
S. Kulshreshtha ◽  
G. Raikhy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Gerbera Jamesonii ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Polyhedral Particles ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Gerbera jamesonii (family Asteraceae) is a popular perennial ornamental cut flower and potted plant with considerable economic importance. In a survey of gerbera grown in floriculture fields at the Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur and nearby nurseries, color break symptoms on the petals, asymmetrical ray florets, and deformed flowers were observed during 2003-2004. The virus evoked chlorotic local lesions on Chenopodium album, C. amaranticolor, and C. quinoa, while systemic mosaic was observed on Cucumis sativus, Nicotiana benthamiana, N. clevelandii, N. glutinosa, and N. tabacum cv. Samsun. The virus was transmitted nonpersistently by Myzus persicae and Aphis gossypii and was identified as Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with CMV-specific antibodies (Agdia, Elkhart, IN). Polyhedral particles approximately 29 nm were observed with electron microscopy of leaf dips from symptomatic gerbera leaves. Total RNA was isolated from the infected gerbera plants and N. glutinosa by using RNAqueous (Ambion, Austin, TX). CMV-specific primers (1) were used to detect the virus with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction that produced an amplicon predicted size of approximately 540 bp, but the virus was not detected in healthy controls. Sequence alignment of the amplicons (533 bp) utilizing BLAST resulted in 91 to 99% homology with the partial intercistronic region and partial coat protein gene (1042-1574 bp) (gene sequence submitted to EMBL database with Accession no. AJ634532) of CMV RNA3 in subgroup I. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CMV on gerbera in India. Reference: (1) C. De Blas et al. J. Phytopathol. 141:323, 1994.

scholarly journals Capsella bursa-pastoris Is a Key Overwintering Plant for Aphids in the Mediterranean Region

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 744
Author(s):  
Serdar Satar ◽  
Nickolas G. Kavallieratos ◽  
Mustafa Tüfekli ◽  
Gül Satar ◽  
Christos G. Athanassiou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Diaeretiella Rapae ◽  
Lipaphis Erysimi ◽  
Aphidius Colemani ◽  
Agricultural Plant ◽  
Globally Distributed

The reproduction of aphids depends to a great extent on their host plants, an integration that impacts on the successful expansion of overwintering populations. Therefore, a survey was conducted to evaluate the globally distributed Capsella bursa-pastoris as an overwintering host of economically important aphid species, their parasitoids and hyperparasitoids in the southern and western regions of Turkey from November to March in 2006 to 2013. During this survey, 395 samples of C. bursa-pastoris were collected with 25 aphid species recorded. Among aphids that feed on this host, Myzus persicae, Aphis gossypii, Rhopalosiphum padi, Aphis fabae, Aphis craccivora, Lipaphis erysimi, and Brevicoryne brassicae were the most frequently recorded. In total, 10,761 individual parasitoids were identified. Binodoxys angelicae, Aphidius colemani, Aphidius matricariae, Diaeretiella rapae, Ephedrus persicae, and Lysiphlebus confusus were the most abundant aphidiines that emerged from the aphids collected from C. bursa-pastoris. Alloxysta spp. (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea), Chalcidoidea (unidentified at genus level), and Dendrocerus spp. (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronoidea) were identified as hyperparasitoids on the parasitoids. These findings indicate that C. bursa-pastoris is a key non-agricultural plant that significantly contributes to the overwintering of numerous aphids and their parasitoids, which should be given serious consideration when biological control strategies are designed.

THE ROLE OF INSECTS IN THE SPREAD OF CUCUMBER MOSAIC VIRUS

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. McClanahan ◽  
G. E. Guyer
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Asclepias Syriaca ◽  
Melanoplus Differentialis ◽  
Aphis Gossypii Glover ◽  
Echinocystis Lobata

Entomological aspects of the epidemiology of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) were studied in Michigan. Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Aphis gossypii Glover were efficient vectors of CMV between various hosts in the laboratory. Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) transmitted CMV between cucumber and Echinocystis lobata (Michx.) T. & G. Myzocallis asclepiadis (Monell) was shown to be a new vector of CMV between Asclepias syriaca L. Neither Melanoplus differentialis (Thomas) nor Acalymma vittata (Fabricius) transmitted the virus in limited trials.There was a small proportion of cucumber plants infected early in July, when alate M. persicae were present. In August the incidence of infection rose rapidly after a period of activity of alate A. gossypii. Alate aphids were trapped in yellow water pans situated in and around cucumbers. Seven known vectors of CMV were caught.

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