scholarly journals Analysis of Genetic Bottlenecks during Horizontal Transmission of Cucumber Mosaic Virus

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (17) ◽  
pp. 8345-8350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhtar Ali ◽  
Hongye Li ◽  
William L. Schneider ◽  
Diana J. Sherman ◽  
Stewart Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Viral Population ◽  
Infection Site ◽  
Systemic Movement ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Genetic Bottlenecks

ABSTRACT Genetic bottlenecks may occur in virus populations when only a few individuals are transferred horizontally from one host to another, or when a viral population moves systemically from the infection site. Genetic bottlenecks during the systemic movement of an RNA plant virus population were reported previously (H. Li and M. J. Roossinck, J. Virol. 78:10582-10587, 2004). In this study we mechanically inoculated an artificial population consisting of 12 restriction enzyme marker mutants of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) onto young leaves of squash plants and used two aphid species, Aphis gossypii and Myzus persicae, to transmit the virus populations from infected source plants to healthy squash plants. Horizontal transmission by aphids constituted a significant bottleneck, as the population in the aphid-inoculated plants contained far fewer mutants than the original inoculum source. Additional experiments demonstrated that genetic variation in the artificial population of CMV is not reduced during the acquisition of the virus but is significantly reduced during the inoculation period.

scholarly journals Transmission Efficiency of Cucumber mosaic virus by Aphids Associated with Virus Epidemics in Snap Bean

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
pp. 1233-1241 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. E. Gildow ◽  
D. A. Shah ◽  
W. M. Sackett ◽  
T. Butzler ◽  
B. A. Nault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Virus Complex

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is a major component of the virus complex that has become more pronounced in snap bean in the midwestern and northeastern United States since 2001. Multiple-vector-transfer tests were done to estimate the CMV transmission efficiencies (p) of the main aphid species identified in commercial snap bean fields in New York and Pennsylvania. The four most efficient vectors (p > 0.05) were Aphis gossypii, A. glycines, Acyrthosiphon pisum, and Therioaphis trifolii, which were all significant species in the migratory aphid populations in snap bean. Moderately efficient vectors (0.01 < p < 0.04) were A. spiraecola, A. craccivora, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, and Rhopalosiphum maidis. Poor vectors (p < 0.01) included A. fabae, Nearctaphis bakeri, and Myzus persicae. Only one species, Sitobion avenae, failed to transmit CMV in replicated tests. Estimates of p were consistent between different clones of the same aphid species and among three different field isolates of CMV tested. Single-vector-transfer test results for a subset of the species supported those obtained via the multiple-vector-transfer approach. Our results are consistent with the notion that A. glycines is a major vector of recent CMV epidemics in snap bean, but that species is only one of several that are involved.

scholarly journals Solanaceous Weeds as Possible Sources of Cucumber mosaic virus in Southern Illinois for Aphid Transmission to Pepper

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (11) ◽  
pp. 1221-1224 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Hobbs ◽  
D. M. Eastburn ◽  
C. J. D'Arcy ◽  
J. D. Kindhart ◽  
J. B. Masiunas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Aphid Transmission ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Southern Illinois ◽  
Specific Reactions

Over 5,000 individual plants representing approximately 55 species from an area in southern Illinois where Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) has been a major problem in pepper (Capsicum annuum) were tested for the presence of CMV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Representative ELISA-positive samples were checked by western blot tests to confirm virus-specific reactions. Nearly all of the infected plants detected were either Solanum ptycanthum (eastern black nightshade) or Physalis spp. (principally P. heterophylla, groundcherry). Over 1,000 pepper transplants and approximately 500 tomato transplants, collected prior to planting, were negative for CMV by ELISA. In aphid transmission (arena) experiments, all five aphid species tested were capable of transmitting CMV from nightshade to pepper: Aphis fabae subsp. solanella, Aphis gossypii, Myzus persicae, Rhopalosiphum padi, and Sitobion avenae. Aphis fabae subsp. solanella, A. gossypii, and A. nerii were able to transmit CMV from P. heterophylla to pepper. Aphis fabae subsp. solanella was commonly found colonizing nightshade from May through October in southern Illinois.

THE ROLE OF INSECTS IN THE SPREAD OF CUCUMBER MOSAIC VIRUS

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. McClanahan ◽  
G. E. Guyer
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Asclepias Syriaca ◽  
Melanoplus Differentialis ◽  
Aphis Gossypii Glover ◽  
Echinocystis Lobata

Entomological aspects of the epidemiology of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) were studied in Michigan. Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Aphis gossypii Glover were efficient vectors of CMV between various hosts in the laboratory. Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) transmitted CMV between cucumber and Echinocystis lobata (Michx.) T. & G. Myzocallis asclepiadis (Monell) was shown to be a new vector of CMV between Asclepias syriaca L. Neither Melanoplus differentialis (Thomas) nor Acalymma vittata (Fabricius) transmitted the virus in limited trials.There was a small proportion of cucumber plants infected early in July, when alate M. persicae were present. In August the incidence of infection rose rapidly after a period of activity of alate A. gossypii. Alate aphids were trapped in yellow water pans situated in and around cucumbers. Seven known vectors of CMV were caught.

scholarly journals Transmissibility of Cucumber mosaic virus by Aphis gossypii Correlates with Viral Accumulation and Is Affected by the Presence of Its Satellite RNA

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (10) ◽  
pp. 1068-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Escriu ◽  
Keith L. Perry ◽  
Fernando García-Arenal
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Infected Tomato ◽  
Satellite Rnas ◽  
Viral Accumulation ◽  
Test Plants

Satellite RNAs (satRNAs) are associated with Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in tomato, most often causing severe epidemics of necrotic plants, and not associated with specific host symptoms. Laboratory studies on virus transmission by the aphid vector Aphis gossypii were performed to better understand the dynamics of field populations of CMV. The presence of satRNAs correlated with lower concentrations of virus in infected plants and with a decrease in the efficiency of transmission from satRNA-infected plants. Both the concentration of virus in CMV-infected tomato and the efficiency of transmission varied more extensively with nonnecrogenic satRNAs than with necrogenic satRNAs. A negative effect of satRNAs on virus accumulation can account, in part, for a decrease in the field transmission and recovery of CMV + satRNAs. Aphids behaved differently and probed less readily on plants infected with CMV + necrogenic satRNAs compared with plants containing non-necrogenic satRNAs. Aphid-mediated satRNA-free CMV infections were observed in test plants when aphids were fed on source plants containing CMV + nonnecrogenic satRNA; no comparable satRNA-free test plants occurred when aphids were fed on source plants containing necrogenic satRNAs. These results indicate that factors associated with transmission can be a determinant in the evolution of natural populations of CMV and its satRNA.

scholarly journals Transmission of Moroccan watermelon mosaic virus (MWMV) by Aphids in Greece

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisavet K. Chatzivassiliou ◽  
Aristeidis P. Papapanagiotou ◽  
Panagiotis D. Mpenardis ◽  
Dionyssios Ch. Perdikis ◽  
George Menexes
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Watermelon Mosaic Virus ◽  
Efficient Vector ◽  
Probe Transmission ◽  
Macrosiphum Rosae ◽  
Mass Inoculation

The aphid-transmitted Moroccan watermelon mosaic virus (MWMV; Potyvirus, Potyviridae) is an emerging pathogen in cucurbit crops in the Mediterranean basin but information on its transmitting vector species is limited. This study aimed to record the competence of 22 species of the Greek aphid fauna to vector MWMV. Timed-probe transmission experiments and arena tests were performed using laboratory colonies of aphid species abundant in field surveys; less common species were tested as apterous individuals collected directly from field plants in mass-inoculation (nonpersistent) tests. Depending on the test, aphids were tested in cohorts of 10 or 20 individuals on zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) plants and the frequency of transmission was calculated for a single aphid. Among 12 species tested in timed-probe transmission tests, Myzus persicae nicotianae (74.0%) appeared to be the most efficient vector, followed by M. persicae (48.0%), Aphis gossypii (11.8%), an unidentified Aphis sp. (11.8%), and A. spiraecola (11.0%). Alatae of nine species tested in arena tests transmitted the virus in rates varying from 0.7 to 53.6%; M. persicae was the most efficient species in virus spread. In mass-inoculation tests, the probability that apterae of 12 aphid species collected from field plants transmitted MWMV fluctuated from 0.3 to 5.3%. No transmission was obtained by Brevicoryne brassicae. The following species are reported as new vectors of MWMV: A. fabae, A. nerii, A. spiraephaga, A. umbrella, Capitophorus eleaegni, Dysaphis (Pomaphis) pyri, Macrosiphoniella sanborni, Macrosiphum rosae, Myzocallis castanicola, Myzus persicae nicotianae, M. cerasi, M. varians, Phorodon humuli, Ovatus crataegarius, Takecallis arundicolens (first report in Greece), Uroleucon sonchi, and U. (Uromelan) aeneum. These results contribute to a better understanding of MWMV epidemiology.

scholarly journals Detection and molecular characterization of the cucumber mosaic virus in chili pepper (Capsicum spp. L.) crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-225
Author(s):  
Diana Marcela Rivera-Toro ◽  
Juan Carlos Vaca-Vaca ◽  
Karina López-López
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Capsicum Spp ◽  
Valle Del Cauca ◽  
First Time

The chili pepper (Capsicum spp. L.) is a vegetable of economic importance that has been affected worldwide by the cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), a pathogen that causes a devastating disease in this crop. The aim of this research was the detection and characterization of CMV in chili pepper crops in Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Leaves of three chili pepper varieties (tabasco, cayenne and habanero) with viral symptoms were collected in four municipalities of Valle del Cauca. Total RNA was purified and a fragment of capsid protein (CP) from CMV was amplified by RT‑PCR. Then, it was sequenced and bioinformatically analyzed, and from these sequences, specific primers were designed. From 71 chili pepper samples collected in Palmira, Yumbo, Vijes and Yotoco, 37 were positive for CMV (52.1%). The CMV chili pepper sequence analysis showed that they had their highest identity (98.5%) with a CMV isolated from bananas in Ecuador. Specific primers designed for CMV chili pepper showed greater sensitivity for detecting this virus (64.7% vs. 52.1%). The CMV chili pepper CP analysis indicated that it could be transmitted by the species Aphis gossypii. This r the first time, the molecular characterization of CMV in three chili pepper varieties.

scholarly journals Ocurrence of pepper yellow mosaic virus and cucumber mosaic virus on Capsicum chinense in the state of Amazonas, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-7
Author(s):  
Leonor Cristina Silva SOUZA ◽  
Rogerio Eiji HANADA ◽  
Luiz Alberto Guimarães ASSIS ◽  
Viviana M. CAMELO-GARCÍA ◽  
Jorge Alberto Marques REZENDE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
The State ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Capsicum Chinense ◽  
Chilli Pepper ◽  
First Occurrence

ABSTRACT The habanero chilli pepper, Capsicum chinense is an important crop in the Amazon Basin, mainly grown by small-scale producers. Capsicum chinense plants in an experimental field in the northern Brazilian state of Amazonas were found exhibiting characteristic symptoms of viral infection. Leaf sap from symptomatic plants examined under a transmission electron microscope revealed the presence of elongated flexuous particles and isometric particles. Using molecular assays, the viruses were identified as pepper yellow mosaic virus (PepYMV) and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Aphids, identified as Aphis gossypii, were found colonizing the C. chinense plants in the field and may be the vector for both PepYMV and CMV. We report the first occurrence of these viruses infecting C. chinense in the state of Amazonas.

Effectiveness of coat protein and defective replicase gene-mediated resistance against Australian isolates of cucumber mosaic virus

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Singh ◽  
M. G. K. Jones ◽  
R. A. C. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Coat Protein ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Extreme Resistance ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Systemic Movement ◽  
Cp Gene ◽  
Subgroup Ii

Summary. Transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants of (i) cv. Samsun NN containing the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S constitutive promoter linked to a defective replicase (DR) gene derived from cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) subgroup I isolate Fny, and (ii) cv. Xanthi containing the CaMV 35S promoter linked to the coat protein (CP) gene of CMV subgroup I isolate C were tested for resistance to various Australian isolates of CMV. The tobacco plants were challenged with 3 CMV subgroup 1 isolates (BNRR, BMR and B6) using sap inoculation. When used to challenge non-transgenic tobacco plants with 5 subgroup II CMV isolates from lupins (LY, LCH, LAcc, LGu and LD), this inoculation method did not result in systemic infection so graft inoculation was used instead to challenge transgenic plants with these 5 isolates. When plants of the line with the DR gene were challenged with the 3 subgroup I isolates, extreme resistance was revealed as none showed symptoms and CMV was not detectable by ELISA. When the same 3 isolates were inoculated to the 3 lines with the CP gene, resistance was characterised by fewer plants becoming virus infected, delayed systemic movement and, in the plants that were infected, partial remission of symptoms plus somewhat decreased virus concentration. Challenge of transgenic plants with DR or CP with the 5 subgroup II isolates resulted in fewer plants becoming infected. Actual numbers of plants infected varied with line and subgroup II isolate and the DR gene was as effective as the CP gene at decreasing infection. With subgroup II isolate LY, infection was associated with remission of symptoms and with the other 4 isolates with delayed systemic movement. Thus the DR gene approach was more effective than the CP approach in obtaining extreme resistance against Australian subgroup I isolates of CMV. These results suggest that introducing a similar DR gene construct made from a subgroup II isolate from lupins into commercial lupin cultivars may be a suitable strategy for obtaining extreme resistance to subgroup II isolates from lupins.

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