scholarly journals First Report of Botryotinia fuckeliana Causing Soft Rots in Potato in Scotland

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (7) ◽  
pp. 806-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Choiseul ◽  
S. F. Carnegie
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Agricultural Science ◽  
Seed Potatoes ◽  
Low Temperature Storage ◽  
Agar Plug ◽  
Mean Width ◽  
Affected Tissue ◽  
Botryotinia Fuckeliana

Botryotinia fuckeliana (de Bary) Whetzel (syn. Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr.) causes gray mold on the foliage of a large range of horticultural and agricultural crops, including potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). This weak pathogen may also produce pit rots on potato tubers (1). In April 1999, two lots of seed potatoes produced in Scotland were found to contain a significant number of tubers with soft rots. The cultivars were Maritiema and Charlotte, with 2.2 and 0.5% of rotted tubers, respectively. The rots on tubers of cv. Maritiema were all soft, wet, and extensive, with a distinct edge, but the proportion of this type of rot was much lower (approximately 30%) on the cv. Charlotte tubers. Gray sporangiophores developed around tuber eyes. When the tubers were cut, the affected tissue was peach to pink-gray in color but darkened on exposure to air, and was soft and water-soaked in appearance with a pale brown or, occasionally, yellow margin. A faint vinegary odor could be detected occasionally. B. fuckeliana was isolated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) from all 15 tubers of cv. Maritiema and from the three (out of 13) tubers of cv. Charlotte that had large, soft rots. Tubers produced at Scottish Agricultural Science Agency's Gogarbank farm near Edinburgh in 1998 were used for confirmatory pathogenicity tests conducted in late April and May 1999. Using a cork borer, a wound 5 mm in diameter and 5 mm deep was made in each tuber and 5-mm-diameter agar plug from either the edge of a colony of B. fuckeliana or of PDA was inserted into the wound. Nine tubers of cvs. Maritiema and Charlotte were inoculated for each treatment and tubers incubated at 5°C in boxes lined with moist filter paper. Rots, similar to those on the commercial seed tubers, developed after 28 days at wound sites inoculated with B. fuckeliana. The fungus was isolated by placing a small piece of rotted tissue from each rot on PDA. B. fuckeliana was recovered from all rots. The mean width of rots was 51 mm for cv. Maritiema compared with 40 mm for cv. Charlotte. Depth of rots was similar for both varieties. Lesions did not develop at wound sites inoculated with PDA agar only. In a second experiment, tubers of cv. Maritiema were inoculated with B. fuckeliana as described above and incubated at 5°C or room temperature (15 to 18°C). There were nine tubers for each temperature. After 21 days, no lesions had developed on tubers incubated at room temperature, but large, soft rots were present on those incubated at 5°C. The lesions produced by B. fuckeliana in these experiments were relatively large compared with the 5-m-deep rots reported previously (1) after 60 days of incubation. The appearance of these rots is similar to that for other diseases, e.g., pink rot and watery wound rot, and infections by this fungus may have been incorrectly diagnosed in the past. Moreover, the development of such rots may be favored by the recent increase in the use of low temperature storage for seed potatoes. Reference: (1) H. W. Platt. Can. J. Plant. Pathol. 16:341, 1994.

scholarly journals Pengaruh suhu penyimpanan dan konsentrasi sitokinin terhadap pematahan dormansi benih kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) G2

Kultivasi ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Nuraini ◽  
Sumadi Sumadi ◽  
Yuyun Yuwariah ◽  
Hanifah Rulistianti
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Seed Potatoes ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Plot Design

Sari. Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) adalah salah satu komoditas yang mendapat prioritas pengembangan, karena produk tanaman ini dipakai sebagai sumber karbohidrat serta memiliki potensi dalam diversifikasi pangan. Salah satu permasalahan dalam produksi kentang adalah terbatasnya persediaan benih kentang, karena adanya fase dormansi. Percobaan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui interaksi antara suhu penyimpanan dan konsentrasi sitokinin terhadap pematahan dormansi benih kentang. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Petak Terbagi (Split Plot Design) dengan tiga ulangan.  Petak utama adalah suhu penyimpanan dengan tiga taraf, yaitu: suhu rendah ±10oC , suhu ruang  ±25oC  dan suhu tinggi ±30oC. Anak petak adalah empat taraf konsentrasi sitokinin, yaitu: 0 mgL-1, 50 mgL-1, 100 mgL-1, dan 150 mgL-1. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh interaksi antara suhu penyimpanan dengan konsentrasi sitokinin dalam mempercepat pematahan dormansi benih kentang. Penyimpanan benih kentang pada suhu ruang disertai pemberian konsentrasi sitokinin 50 mgL-1 dapat mempercepat pematahan dormansi benih kentang G2. Perlakuan suhu rendah menghasilkan tunas yang lebih panjang tapi bobotnya tidak berbeda dengan yang diberi perlakuan suhu ruang dan suhu tinggi, sedangkan pengaruh perlakuan sitokinin tidak berbeda terhadap panjang tunas, persentase tumbuh tunas per ubi, dan bobot segar tunas.Kata Kunci : Benih Kentang, Suhu Penyimpanan, Sitokinin, DormansiAbstract. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the important agriculture commodities, because it contains carbohydrates and can use for food diversification in Indonesia. One of the problems in potato production is the limited of seed potatoes, because of potato seed dormancy. This experiment analyzed the interaction between storage temperature and concentration of cytokinin on dormancy breaking of potato seed. The experimental design used Split Plot Design with three replications. The main plot was the temperature of storage, that consisted of three levels: low temperature ± 10°C, room temperature  ± 25°C and high temperature  ± 30oC. Subplot consisted of four levels of cytokinin concentration: 0 mgL-1, 50 mgL-1, 100 mgL-1 and 150 mgL-1. The results of the experiment showed that there was an interaction effect between storage temperature and cytokinin concentration on accelerating the breakdown of potato seed dormancy. Storage of seed potatoes at room temperature with application of 50 mgL-1 cytokinin accelerated the breakdown of G2 potato seed dormancy.  Low temperature treatment resulted longer shoot but the weight was not different than other temperature treatments, whereas cytokinin treatment did not differ in shoot length, percentage of bud growth per seed, and fresh weight of shoots.Keyword: Potato Seed, Storage Temperature, Cytokinin, Dormancy

scholarly journals First Report of Fenhexamid-Resistant Botrytis cinerea Causing Gray Mold on Heurchera in a North American Greenhouse

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Moorman ◽  
A.-S. Walker ◽  
S. May
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
North Central ◽  
First Report ◽  
Group I ◽  
Central Pennsylvania ◽  
Commercial Operation ◽  
Penn State ◽  
Botryotinia Fuckeliana

Greenhouse-grown Heuchera plants, treated with fenhexamid (Decree, SePRO, Carmel, IN; FRAC group 17 hydroxyanilide), with active gray mold were submitted to the Penn State Plant Disease Clinic in December 2010 from a commercial operation in north-central Pennsylvania. Genetic and phenotypic analyses identified the isolate as Botrytis cinerea Pers. (teleomorph Botryotinia fuckeliana (de Bary) Whetzel), HydR3 phenotype (2) and not B. pseudocinerea (previously Botrytis group I) (4), naturally resistant to fenhexamid (phenotype HydR1) (1). While 0.2 μg of fenhexamid per ml or less is required to slow mycelial growth and germ tube elongation of sensitive isolates by 50% (EC50), the radial growth EC50 of the Heuchera isolate was approximately 2,000 μg of fenhexamid per ml in culture. Five cucumber seedlings receiving 25 μl of 0.1 M dextrose containing the label rate of Decree (1,800 μg/ml) on the growing tip were inoculated with colonized agar in the drop. Five check plants received 25 μl of 0.1 M dextrose. B. cinerea from silica gel storage since 1988 was also tested. This experiment was repeated three times. The 1988 isolate killed all fungicide-free but no fenhexamid-treated plants. The Heuchera isolate killed all fungicide-free and fenhexamid-treated plants within 4 days. To our knowledge, this is the first report of B. cinerea from a greenhouse in North America with fenhexamid resistance. Resistance occurs in U.S. fields (3). The Heuchera isolate's HydR3 resistance phenotype (2) has been detected in Germany, Japan, and France and has mutations affecting the 3-keto reductase protein, encoded by the erg27 gene, the specific target of fenhexamid and involved in Botrytis sterol biosynthesis. The Decree label states that it is to be used only twice on a crop before switching to a different mode of action. Greenhouses have resident Botrytis populations that are likely to be exposed to any fungicide applied in the structure. Growers should consider using fenhexamid only twice in a particular greenhouse, rather than on a particular crop, before switching to a different mode of action. References: (1) P. Leroux et al. Crop Prot. 18:687, 1999.(2) P. Leroux et al. Pest Manag. Sci. 58:876, 2002. (3) Z. Ma and T. J. Michailides. Plant Dis. 89:1083, 2005. (4) A.-S. Walker et al. Phytopathology 101:1433, 2011.

scholarly journals Control of postharvest gray mold of ‘BRS Nubia’ table grape under cold storage

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6supl2) ◽  
pp. 3457-3465
Author(s):  
Ronan Carlos Colombo ◽  
◽  
Deived Uilian de Carvalho ◽  
Maria Aparecida da Cruz ◽  
Ciro Hideki Sumida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Commercial Vineyard ◽  
Solids Content

The demand for high-quality nutritional products has increased fruit consumption, as grapes, for this reason postharvest techniques are required to prevent losses, to preserve quality, to extend shelf life, and to attend to consumer needs. In this way, the objective of this study was to evaluate strategies to control gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea in ‘BRS Nubia’ grapes during cold storage and shelf life periods. Grape bunches were harvested from a commercial vineyard in Marialva, Parana, Brazil. Grapes were subjected to the following treatments: cold storage at 2 ºC (control), cold storage at 2 ºC with SO2-generating pads, cold storage at 2 ºC and inoculated with B. cinerea suspension, and cold storage at 2 ºC with SO2-generating pads and inoculated with B. cinerea suspension. The experiment was conducted in a complete randomized design with five replications per treatment using four bunches per experimental unit. A factorial arrangement (absence/presence of SO2 pads × absence/presence of Botrytis inoculation) was applied. At the end of 30 days of cold storage and 7 days of shelf life (22 ºC), gray mold incidence, shattered berries, and physicochemical parameters were evaluated. The gray mold incidence on ‘BRS Nubia’ grapes decreased when SO2-generating pads were used during cold storage. Berry weight loss was greater in the treatments without SO2-generating pads after 30 days of cold storage followed by 7 days of shelf life. Berry firmness, soluble solids content (SS), total acidity (TA), SS/TA ratio, and anthocyanins concentration were not negatively affected by SO2-generating pad treatments. However, a slight increase in the shattered berries percentage was recorded for the SO2-generating pad treatments. No significant quality loss of ‘BRS Nubia’ grape was evident after 30 days of cold storage followed by 7 days of exposure at room temperature. In this context, SO2-generating pads can be used to control the gray mold incidence on ‘BRS Nubia’ table grapes during cold storage.

Induction of dormancy mechanisms in relation to low temperature storage in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers

1995 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 991-991
Author(s):  
A. Abruzzese ◽  
L. Espen ◽  
S. Morgutti ◽  
M. Quattrini ◽  
N. Negrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Low Temperature Storage ◽  
Temperature Storage

scholarly journals Effect of Mechanical Injury and Low Temperature Storage on the Accumulation of Glycoalkaloids in the Tubers of 7 Varieties of Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) grown in Oman

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Elsadig A. Eltayeb ◽  
Sana Salem Al-Sinani ◽  
I. A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Mechanical Injury ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Low Temperature Storage ◽  
Glycoalkaloid Content ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Safety Limit ◽  
Temperature Storage

Tubers from 7 potato varieties were analyzed for their rates of glycoalkaloid accumulation in response to stresses of three types of mechanical injury and low temperature storage. Mechanical injuries were found to greatly stimulate glycoalkaloid accumulation in both peel and flesh of tubers. The extent of glycoalkaloid accumulation appears to depend on variety, type of mechanical injury, and storage period. Most of the injury-stimulated glycoalkaloid accumulation occurred within 7 and 14 days after treatment. Cutting the tubers resulted in the highest content of glycoalkaloids both in flesh and peel up to levels that exceeded the upper safety limit of 200 mg/kg FW. Injury stimulated α-solanine accumulation in stored potato tubers is more than α-chaconine, resulting in a decrease in the α-chaconine: α-solanine ratio. When tubers were stored at low temperature, the rate of glycoalkaloid accumulation was found to be independent of the glycoalkaloid level at harvest. The greatest increase in total glycoalkaloid content of the seven varieties was found after two weeks of storage at both 4 ºC and 10 ºC. Further storage at these temperatures resulted in a decrease in the rate of glycoalkaloid accumulation in most of them. At 10 ºC glycoalkaloid content tended to increase more rapidly than at 4 ºC. The α-solanine content of the tubers showed an increase following low temperature storage.  

scholarly journals engaruh Dosis Pupuk NPK dan Ordo Tanah terhadap Kdd, Serapan K, dan Hasil Bibit Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) yang Diinokulasi Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula dan Mycorrhiza Helper Bacteria

SoilREns ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Windy Amorita ◽  
Anne Nurbaity ◽  
Diyan Herdiyantoro
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
K Uptake ◽  
Seed Potatoes ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Npk Fertilizer

The productivity of potatoes in Indonesia is relatively low and unstable caused by unsuitable enviromental and soil conditions and bad cultivation system. This research was conducted to study the effect of NPK fertilizer dosages and soil order to soluble K, K Uptake, and yield of seed potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). The experiment design used a factorial randomized block design with two factors and three replication. The first factor was NPK fertilizer dosages with five levels (0, 25, 50, 75, 100% recomendation dosages) and the second factor was soil orders with two levels (Andisols and Inceptisols). The results of experiment showed that the interaction effect between NPK fertilizer dosages and soil orders had significantly effect to soluble K and K Uptake. There were independent effect of NPK dosages to diameter of potatoes tuber and independent effect of soils order to yield of seed potatoes. Andisols with 25% NPK and Inceptisols with 50% NPK were the best combination treatment to increase soluble K while treatment Inceptisols with 25% NPK was the best combination treatment to increase K Uptake. Dosages of 25% NPK was the best treatment to increase diameter of potatoes tuber while Inceptisols was the best treatment to increase yield of seed potatoes.Keywords : NPK Fertilizer Dosages, Andisols, Inceptisols, Potassium, Potatoes

scholarly journals MODIFIED-ATMOSPHERE STORAGE DOES NOT SUBSTITUTE FOR LOW-TEMPERATURE STORAGE OF STRAWBERRY

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 702A-702
Author(s):  
Khalid N. Al-Redhaiman ◽  
Gail R. Nonnecke ◽  
Richard J. Gladon
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Mold Growth ◽  
Low Temperature Storage ◽  
Storage Atmosphere ◽  
Modified Atmosphere Storage ◽  
Air Control ◽  
Atmosphere Storage ◽  
Temperature Storage

'Honeoye' (June-bearing) and 'Tristar' (day-neutral) strawberries were harvested, graded, and then stored for 7 days et 2C or 21C in air (control) or each of these 8 modified atmospheres: 1.5% O2, 3.5% O2, 15% CO2, 25% CO2, 1.5% O2 + 15% CO2, 1.5% O2 + 25% CO2, 3.5% O2 + 15% CO2, and 3.5% O2 + 25% CO2; all balance N2. When compared with storage at 21C, storage at 2C reduced weight loss and gray mold growth in all corresponding sets of storage atmosphere treatments. The combination of increased CO2 and decreased O2 controlled weight loss and gray mold growth more effectively than treatment with reduced O2 alone. Storage at 2C (versus 21C) reduced respiration of both cultivars. Respiration decreased as the O2 concentration decreased. 'Tristar' did not produce C2H4 at either temperature, whereas `Honeoye' produced more C2H4 at 21C than it did at 2C. Increased CO2 and/or decreased O2 concentrations in the storage atmosphere are not satisfactory substitutes for proper low-temperature storage of strawberries.

scholarly journals Perubahan Mutu Tomat (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Pelapisan Gel Lidah Buaya (Aloe vera L.) Dan Suhu Penyimpanan

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 985-994
Author(s):  
Rina Marwina ◽  
Raida Agustina ◽  
Bambang Sukarno Putra
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Low Temperature Storage ◽  
Aloe Vera Gel ◽  
Aloe Gel ◽  
Temperature Storage

Abstrak.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat lama umur simpan buah tomat dengan menggunakan lapisan gel lidah buaya (Aloe vera L.) dengan berbagai variasi konsentrasi dan variasi suhu penyimpanan.Penelitian ini menggunakan tomat dengan tingkat kematangan optimum. Pada variasi konsentrasi gel lidah buaya (A) terdiri atas 4 perlakuan, yaitu tanpa gel lidah buaya (A1), konsentrasi 30% (A2), konsentrasi 50% (A3) dan konsentrasi 70% (A4), dan variasi penyimpanan yaitu suhu penyimpanan (B) terdiri atas 2 perlakuan, yaitu suhu B1 suhu ruang  (28oC) dan  B2 (suhu rendah 10oC ). Analisa data yang diamati meliputi susut bobot, kekerasan, vitamin C, total padatan terlarut, dan uji organoleptik (warna, tekstur, dan aroma).Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan perlakuan terbaik pada tomat dengan perlakuan konsentrasi gel lidah buaya 30% pada penyimpanan suhu rendah 10ºC masih diterima konsumen hingga hari ke 21. Penyimpanan perlakuan terbaik pada hari ke-12 untuk analisis susut bobot terdapat pada perlakuan konsentrasi gel lidah buaya 30% yang disimpan pada suhu 10ºC dengan nilai 15,52%, untuk analisis presentase kekerasanperlakuan terbaik terdapat pada konsentrasi 30% pada suhu rendah 10ºCnilai yaitu 1.357kg/cm2, dan analisis vitamin C perlakuan terbaik terdapat pada konsentrasi 30% pada suhu rendah 10ºCnilai 1,42 mg/50gr, sedangkan TPT perlakuan terbaik terdapat pada suhu rendah 10ºCdengan perlakuan tanpa konsetrasi gel lidah buaya nilai presentase yaitu 4,40 %Brix. Dari hasil pengujian organoleptik, panelis menolak tomat dengan perlakuan konsentrasi gel lidah buaya 30% yang disimpan pada suhu ruang 28oC pada hari penyimpanan ke-12, sedangkan pada penyimpanan suhu rendah 10oC panelis menolak tomatdengan konsentrasi gel lidah buaya 30%pada hari penyimpanan ke-21.Abstract. This study aimed to look at the old the shelf life of tomatoes by using the layer of gels of aloe vera (Aloe vera L.) with various concentrations and a temperature variations in of storage.This study uses the tomatoes with optimum maturity level. In a variation of concentration of aloe gel (A) composed of 4 treatment, ie without aloe vera gel (A1), the concentration of 30% (A2), the concentration of 50% (A3) and a concentration of 70% (A4), and a variety of storage ie storage temperature (B) consisting of two treatments, namely B1 temperature room temperature (28oC) and B2 (low temperature 10oC). Analysis of observed data include weight loss, violence, vitamin C, total dissolved solids, and organoleptic (color, texture, and aroma). From the results, the best treatment in tomatoes by treatment with 30% aloe vera gel at low temperature storage is still acceptable to consumers 10ºC until the 21st day storage best treatment on day 12 for analysis of weight loss treatment concentration contained in aloe vera gel 30% stored at a temperature of 10ºC with a value of 15.52%, for the analysis of the percentage of violence are the best treatment at a concentration of 30% at low temperature 10ºC value is 1,357 kg / cm2, and the analysis of vitamin C are the best treatment at a concentration of 30% at low temperature 10ºC value 1.42 mg / 50gr, while TPT best treatment there at low temperature 10ºC with treatment without concentration of aloe gel percentage value that is 4.40% Brix. From the results of organoleptic tests, the panel rejected the tomatoes by treatment with 30% aloe vera gel is stored at room temperature 28oC on the 12th day of storage, while the low temperature storage 10oC panelists refused tomatoes with aloe vera gel concentration of 30% on the day of deposit of the 21.

scholarly journals INTEGRATION OF PROPAGATION METHODS USED IN THE PRODUCTION OF SEED POTATOES (SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L.) MINI-TUBERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
F. E. Mulet Panoluisa ◽  
◽  
G. H. Andrade Bolagnos ◽  
E.V. Romanova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Seed Potatoes ◽  
Propagation Methods
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