scholarly journals First Record in Syria of Didymella fabae, the Teleomorph of Ascochyta fabae and Causal Organism of Faba Bean Blight

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (9) ◽  
pp. 1044-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Bayaa ◽  
S. Kabbabeh
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
First Record ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Plant Pathol ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Ascochyta Fabae

Ascochyta blight, caused by Ascochyta fabae Speg., is a common and destructive disease of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in the Middle East, Europe, Canada, New Zealand (4), and Australia. The main sources of inoculum are debris and seeds from which spores are air- and splashborne. The teleomorph of A. fabae has been reported previously only from England (2). The presence of the teleomorph supports the variability reported in the fungus populations from Canada (3) and Poland (1). Stems of faba bean plants, severely infected with A. fabae, were collected in July 1999 from Tel Hadya, Syria. The plants previously had been inoculated with a mixture of isolates of the pathogen, collected from the main faba bean-growing regions in Syria between 1996 and 1998, and kept under shade. The infested stems were used to inoculate the ICARDA Faba Bean Ascochyta Nursery planted on 29 November 1999. During late January 2000, symptoms appeared on the susceptible faba bean genotype. Stem pieces from debris used for inoculations were collected from the field and examined microscopically for the presence of ascomata. The maximum, minimum, and mean temperatures and rainfall at Tel Hadya during December 1999 were 16.5, 5.8, and 8.7°C and 22.4 mm, respectively. There were 16 nights when temperatures dropped below 0°C, and 10 nights when temperatures were between 0 and 5°C. Ascomata of A. fabae ranged from 76 to 209 μm wide (average 158 ± 3.9 μm) and 101 to 285 μm in length (average 178 ± 4.1 μm). Asci were 10 to 15 μm wide (average 14 ± 0.3 μm) and 51 to 96 μm long (average 63 ± 1.1 μm). Ascospores were 5 to 8 μm wide (average 7 ± 0.2 μm) and 15 to 20 μm in length (average 17 ± 0.3 μm). These measurements are comparable to those reported from England. Individual ascomata were dissected from stem tissue and fixed to the lids of petri dishes containing 2% water agar. After 24 h, the petri dishes were examined microscopically to locate ascospores on the surface of the medium. Germinating ascospores and developing colonies were transferred from water agar to faba bean dextrose agar. Colonies characteristic of A. fabae developed on the latter medium within 7 days of incubation at 20 ± 2°C. Pathogenicity tests of developing colonies were carried out on 3-week-old faba bean plants (Giza 4) using a spore suspension (2.5 × 105 spores per ml) of each of the isolates. Both inoculated seedlings and control seedlings inoculated with sterile water were covered with plastic bags for 48 h in a plastic house maintained at 18 ± 2°C. After removal of the plastic bags, seedlings were wetted four times per day by spraying with tap water to runoff. Inoculated plants showed characteristic symptoms of Ascochyta blight 15 days after inoculation. The fungus was reisolated from lesions that developed on leaflets of all inoculated seedlings, but not from any of the control seedlings. This is the first report of the occurrence of A. fabae, the sexual stage of Didymella fabae Jellis & Punithalingam in Syria, and indicates that the fungus could develop population variants. These findings have implications for breeding for resistance to Ascochyta blight. References: (1) A. Filipowicz. Faba Bean Abstr. 4:47, 1983. (2) G. J. Jellis and E. Punithalingam. Plant Pathol. 40:150, 1991. (3) P. D. Kharbanda and C. C. Bernier. Can. J. Plant. Pathol. 2:139, 1980. (4) K. Y. Rachid et al. Plant Dis. 75:852, 1991.

Temporal and spatial dynamics of ascochyta blight caused by Ascochyta fabae speg. In faba bean fields in Tunisia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noura Omri Ben Youssef ◽  
Hatem Chaar ◽  
Zayneb Bessaidi ◽  
Imen Halila ◽  
Noura Jammezi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Ascochyta Fabae

scholarly journals Response of Vicia species to Ascochyta fabae and Uromyces viciae-fabae

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Sillero ◽  
D. Rubiales
Keyword(s):  
High Resistance ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Compatible Interaction ◽  
Bean Rust ◽  
High Susceptibility ◽  
Vicia Species ◽  
Ascochyta Fabae

A collection of 267 accessions belonging to 61 Vicia species other than V. faba was screened under growth chamber conditions for response to Ascochyta fabae and Uromyces viciae-fabae, causal agents of ascochyta blight and faba bean rust, respectively. High resistance to both diseases was very frequently detected in Vicia spp. in contrast to the high susceptibility previously reported in most V. faba accessions. Most of the Vicia spp. accessions studied here were very resistant or even immune to A. fabae with only one per cent of the accessions allowing development of small lesions bearing pycnidia. High resistance or immunity to U. viciae-fabae was also frequently found in the collection, with only ten per cent of the accessions showing compatible interaction although with reduced disease severity. These findings reinforce the specificity of A. fabae and U. viciae-fabae and clarify the potential role of cultivated and wild Vicia spp. in the epidemiology of these faba bean diseases.

scholarly journals QTL dissection and mining of candidate genes for Ascochyta fabae and Orobanche crenata resistance in faba bean (Vicia faba L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Gutierrez ◽  
Ana M. Torres
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Orobanche Crenata ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Mapping Process ◽  
Qtl Dissection ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Ascochyta Fabae

Abstract Background Ascochyta blight caused by Ascochyta fabae Speg. and broomrape (Orobanche crenata) are among the economically most significant pathogens of faba bean. Several QTLs conferring resistance against the two pathogens have been identified and validated in different genetic backgrounds. The aim of this study was to saturate the most stable QTLs for ascochyta and broomrape resistance in two Recombinant Inbred Line (RIL) populations, 29H x Vf136 and Vf6 x Vf136, to identify candidate genes conferring resistance against these two pathogens. Results We exploited the synteny between faba bean and the model species Medicago truncatula by selecting a set of 219 genes encoding putative WRKY transcription factors and defense related proteins falling within the target QTL intervals, for genotyping and marker saturation in the two RIL populations. Seventy and 50 of the candidate genes could be mapped in 29H x Vf136 and Vf6 x Vf136, respectively. Besides the strong reduction of the QTL intervals, the mapping process allowed replacing previous dominant and pedigree-specific RAPD flanking markers with robust and transferrable SNP markers, revealing promising candidates for resistance against the two pathogens. Conclusions Although further efforts in association mapping and expression studies will be required to corroborate the candidate genes for resistance, the fine-mapping approach proposed here increases the genetic resolution of relevant QTL regions and paves the way for an efficient deployment of useful alleles for faba bean ascochyta and broomrape resistance through marker-assisted breeding.

scholarly journals First Record of Faba Bean Necrotic Yellows Virus and Beet Western Yellows Luteovirus Affecting Lentil and Chickpea in Pakistan

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 591-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled M. Makkouk ◽  
Muhammad Bashir ◽  
Roger Jones
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
First Record ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Virus Incidence ◽  
Tissue Blot Immunoassay ◽  
Plant Pathol ◽  
Pea Seed

In an intensive survey of lentil and chickpea fields and Research Station plots in the Punjab province of Pakistan, more than 6,505 samples were collected and tested for presence of 14 different viruses by the tissue-blot immunoassay (TBIA) procedure (2). All antisera used were virus specific, including those for faba bean necrotic yellows virus (FBNYV) (1) and beet western yellows luteovirus (BWYV) (ATCC 647). Counting plants with virus symptoms greatly underestimated virus incidence in lentil crops but was a better guide to virus occurrence in chickpeas. Overall, about 1 in 5 plants of lentil were virus infected with 15% of fields having incidence over 50%. In contrast, levels of infection were mostly low in chickpea. Pea seed-borne mosaic virus (PSbMV) followed by cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), both of which are aphid- and seed-borne, were the most abundant viruses in lentils, but also occurred in chickpea. PSbMV incidence was 17% in lentil and 0.1% in chickpea fields, whereas CMV incidence was 1% in lentil and 0.1% in chickpea fields. The other viruses found on both lentil and chickpea were FBNYV, BWYV, chickpea chlorotic dwarf geminivirus, chickpea luteovirus, and alfalfa mosaic alfamovirus. Because of yield losses associated with PSbMV infection, the high levels of infection in lentils are cause for concern. This is the first record of FBNYV and BWYV affecting lentil and chickpea in Pakistan, but their incidence in the fields where they have been detected was low (less than 1%). FBNYV was detected in three of the 33 lentil and two of the 34 chickpea fields surveyed. BWYV was detected in two of the 33 lentil and three of the 34 chickpea fields surveyed. References: (1) A. Franz et al. Ann. Appl. Biol. 128:255, 1996. (2) K. M. Makkouk and A. Comeau. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 100:71, 1994.

QTLs for ascochyta blight resistance in faba bean (Vicia faba L.): validation in field and controlled conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 216 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Atienza ◽  
C. Palomino ◽  
N. Gutiérrez ◽  
C. M. Alfaro ◽  
D. Rubiales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Chromosome Iii ◽  
Chromosome Ii ◽  
Ascochyta Fabae ◽  
Important Disease

Ascochyta blight is an important disease of faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Yield losses can be as high as 90% and losses of 35–40% are common. The line 29H is one of the most resistant accessions to the pathogen (Ascochyta fabae Speg.) ever described. In this work, we aimed to validate across generations the main quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for ascochyta blight resistance identified in the cross 29H × Vf136 and to test their stability under field conditions. QTLs located on chromosomes II and III have been consistently identified in the recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of this cross, in both controlled (growth chamber) and field conditions and, thus they are good targets for breeding. In addition, a new QTL for disease severity on pods has been located on chromosome VI, but in this case, further validation is still required. A synteny-based approach was used to compare our results with previous QTL works dealing with this pathogen. Our results suggest that the QTL located on chromosome II, named Af2, is the same one reported by other researchers, although it is likely that the donors of resistance differ in the allele conferring the resistance. By contrast, the location of Af3 on chromosome III does not overlap with the position of Af1 reported by other authors, suggesting that Af3 may be an additional source of resistance to ascochyta blight.

Confirmation of QTLs controlling Ascochyta fabae resistance in different generations of faba bean (Vicia faba L.)

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Díaz-Ruiz ◽  
Z. Satovic ◽  
C. M. Ávila ◽  
C. M. Alfaro ◽  
M. V. Gutierrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Recombinant Inbred ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Ascochyta Fabae

Ascochyta blight, caused by Ascochyta fabae Speg., is a disease of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) of worldwide distribution. In this study we have conducted an experiment on Ascochyta fabae resistance in 165 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) developed by single-seed descent from the cross between resistant and susceptible lines (Vf6 × Vf136) in which A. fabae resistance QTLs (quantitative trait loci) have been previously reported in the original F2 population. Recombinant inbred lines were inoculated under controlled growth chamber conditions and evaluated for disease severity and infection type index. The linkage map was constructed by MAPMAKER V2.0 and the QTL analysis was carried out using QTL Cartographer. Two hundred and seventy-seven markers (238 RAPDs, 4 isozymes, 5 ESTs, 1 SCAR, 6 SSRs, 2 STSs, and 21 intron-spanning markers) mapped into 21 linkage groups covering 2.856.7 cM, with a mean inter-marker distance of 12.72 cM. Composite interval mapping identified two zones of putative QTL action in the RIL population for DSL (disease severity on leaves) and DSS (disease severity on stems) traits. Putative QTLs (Af1 and Af2) were identified on chromosome 3 and chromosome 2, respectively, and jointly explained 24% of the phenotypic variance of DSL and 16% of DSS. With this study we have (1) confirmed the QTLs for ascochyta blight resistance found in F3 families in the derived RILs (F6), (2) re-estimated their position and genetic effects, and (3) assessed the stability of these QTLs in different genetic backgrounds by comparison of the mapping data with a previous QTL study.

scholarly journals Enhanced Abiotic Stress Tolerance of Vicia faba L. Plants Heterologously Expressing the PR10a Gene from Potato

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Abeer F. Desouky ◽  
Ahmed H. Ahmed ◽  
Hartmut Stützel ◽  
Hans-Jörg Jacobsen ◽  
Yi-Chen Pao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Stress Injury ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Vicia Faba L

Pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins are known to play relevant roles in plant defense against biotic and abiotic stresses. In the present study, we characterize the response of transgenic faba bean (Vicia faba L.) plants encoding a PR10a gene from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) to salinity and drought. The transgene was under the mannopine synthetase (pMAS) promoter. PR10a-overexpressing faba bean plants showed better growth than the wild-type plants after 14 days of drought stress and 30 days of salt stress under hydroponic growth conditions. After removing the stress, the PR10a-plants returned to a normal state, while the wild-type plants could not be restored. Most importantly, there was no phenotypic difference between transgenic and non-transgenic faba bean plants under well-watered conditions. Evaluation of physiological parameters during salt stress showed lower Na+-content in the leaves of the transgenic plants, which would reduce the toxic effect. In addition, PR10a-plants were able to maintain vegetative growth and experienced fewer photosystem changes under both stresses and a lower level of osmotic stress injury under salt stress compared to wild-type plants. Taken together, our findings suggest that the PR10a gene from potato plays an important role in abiotic stress tolerance, probably by activation of stress-related physiological processes.

scholarly journals Foliar-Applied Potassium Silicate Coupled with Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Improves Growth, Physiology, Nutrient Uptake and Productivity of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Irrigated with Saline Water in Salt-Affected Soil

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 894
Author(s):  
Emad M. Hafez ◽  
Hany S. Osman ◽  
Usama A. Abd El-Razek ◽  
Mohssen Elbagory ◽  
Alaa El-Dein Omara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

The continuity of traditional planting systems in the last few decades has encountered its most significant challenge in the harsh changes in the global climate, leading to frustration in the plant growth and productivity, especially in the arid and semi-arid regions cultivated with moderate or sensitive crops to abiotic stresses. Faba bean, like most legume crops, is considered a moderately sensitive crop to saline soil and/or saline water. In this connection, a field experiment was conducted during the successive winter seasons 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 in a salt-affected soil to explore the combined effects of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and potassium (K) silicate on maintaining the soil quality, performance, and productivity of faba bean plants irrigated with either fresh water or saline water. Our findings indicated that the coupled use of PGPR and K silicate under the saline water irrigation treatment had the capability to reduce the levels of exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) in the soil and to promote the activity of some soil enzymes (urease and dehydrogenase), which recorded nearly non-significant differences compared with fresh water (control) treatment, leading to reinstating the soil quality. Consequently, under salinity stress, the combined application motivated the faba bean vegetative growth, e.g., root length and nodulation, which reinstated the K+/Na+ ions homeostasis, leading to the lessening or equalizing of the activity level of enzymatic antioxidants (CAT, POD, and SOD) compared with the controls of both saline water and fresh water treatments, respectively. Although the irrigation with saline water significantly increased the osmolytes concentration (free amino acids and proline) in faba bean plants compared with fresh water treatment, application of PGPR or K-silicate notably reduced the osmolyte levels below the control treatment, either under stress or non-stress conditions. On the contrary, the concentrations of soluble assimilates (total soluble proteins and total soluble sugars) recorded pronounced increases under tested treatments, which enriched the plant growth, the nutrients (N, P, and K) uptake and translocation to the sink organs, which lastly improved the yield attributes (number of pods plant−1, number of seeds pod−1, 100-seed weight). It was concluded that the combined application of PGPR and K-silicate is considered a profitable strategy that is able to alleviate the harmful impact of salt stress alongside increasing plant growth and productivity.

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