scholarly journals Oversummer Survival of Inoculum for Colletotrichum Crown Rot in Buried Strawberry Crown Tissue

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (7) ◽  
pp. 750-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Ureña-Padilla ◽  
D. J. Mitchell ◽  
D. E. Legard
Keyword(s):  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Spore Morphology ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Crown Tissue ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Dna Primers

The oversummer survival of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in strawberry crown tissue under field conditions was investigated in 1998 and 1999. Strawberry crowns infected naturally with C. gloeosporioides were placed inside cloth bags containing field soil, buried in the field at 5 or 13 cm, then recovered over 6 months of each year. The recovered crowns were plated onto a Colletotrichum spp. semiselective medium and speciated by colony, spore morphology, and molecular markers with species-specific DNA primers. Pathogenicity of selected isolates was confirmed by greenhouse bioassays on strawberry. Of the 428 isolates of Colletotrichum spp. recovered from buried crowns, 96% were C. gloeosporioides and 4% Colletotrichum acutatum. Following an initial increase in the detection of the fungus, survival of C. gloeosporioides was stable for 2 to 3 weeks, then declined. No Colletotrichum spp. were detected after burial for 56 days in 1998 and 98 days in 1999. Because the time between crop seasons is typically more than 170 days, these data support the hypothesis that inoculum of C. gloeosporioides does not survive in buried plant debris between seasons in Florida and, therefore, oversummering crop debris does not contribute inoculum for epidemics of Colletotrichum crown rot in Florida.

scholarly journals Genetic and Pathogenic Analyses of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Isolates from Strawberry and Noncultivated Hosts

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 446-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Xiao ◽  
S. J. MacKenzie ◽  
D. E. Legard
Keyword(s):  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Inoculum Sources ◽  
Marker Data ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp ◽  
Species Specific

Colletotrichum crown rot of strawberry in Florida is caused primarily by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. To determine potential inoculum sources, isolates of Colletotrichum spp. from strawberry and various noncultivated plants growing in the areas adjacent to strawberry fields were collected from different sites. Species-specific internal transcribed spacer primers for C. gloeosporioides and C. acutatum were used to identify isolates to species. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to determine genetic relationships among isolates recovered from noncultivated hosts and diseased strawberry plants. Selected isolates also were tested for pathogenicity on strawberry plants in the greenhouse. In all, 39 C. gloeosporioides and 3 C. acutatum isolates were recovered from diseased strawberry crowns, and 52 C. gloeosporioides and 1 C. acutatum isolate were recovered from noncultivated hosts. In crown inoculation tests, 18 of the 52 C. gloeosporioides isolates recovered from noncultivated hosts were pathogenic to strawberry. Phylogenetic analysis using RAPD marker data divided isolates of C. gloeosporioides from noncultivated hosts into two separate clusters. One cluster contained 50 of the 52 isolates and a second cluster contained 2 isolates that were homothallic in culture. Isolates from strawberry were interspersed within the cluster containing the 50 isolates that were recovered from noncultivated hosts. The results are not inconsistent with the hypothesis that C. gloeosporioides isolates obtained from strawberry and noncultivated hosts adjacent to strawberry fields are from the same population and that noncultivated hosts can serve as potential inoculum sources for Colletotrichum crown rot of strawberry.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Benomyl-Resistant and -Sensitive Populations of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides from Statice (Limonium spp.)

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 542-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Maymon ◽  
Aida Zveibil ◽  
Shimon Pivonia ◽  
Dror Minz ◽  
Stanley Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Tubulin Genes ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Identification And Characterization ◽  
Propagation Material

Sixty-four isolates of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides were isolated from infected Limonium spp. cultivated in 12 different locations in Israel. All isolates were identified as belonging to the C. gloeosporioides complex by species-specific primers. Of these isolates, 46 were resistant to benomyl at 10 μg/ml and 18 were sensitive to this concentration of fungicide. Based on arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction of all isolates and internal transcribed spacer-1 sequence analyses of 12 selected isolates, the benomyl-resistant and -sensitive populations belong to two distinct genotypes. Sequence analyses of the β-tubulin genes, TUB1 and TUB2, of five sensitive and five resistant representative isolates of C. gloeosporioides from Limonium spp. revealed that the benomyl-resistant isolates had an alanine substitute instead of a glutamic acid at position 198 in TUB2. All data suggest that the resistant and sensitive genotypes are two independent and separate populations. Because all Limonium plant propagation material is imported from various geographic regions worldwide, and benomyl is not applied to this crop or for the control of Colletotrichum spp. in Israel, it is presumed that plants are bearing quiescent infections from the points of origin prior to arrival.

scholarly journals Inheritance of Resistance to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and C. acutatum in Strawberry

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond L. Jacobs ◽  
Tika B. Adhikari ◽  
Jeremy Pattison ◽  
G. Craig Yencho ◽  
Gina E. Fernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Additive Variance ◽  
Diallel Mating Design ◽  
Crown Tissue ◽  
Sib Families

Information on the inheritance of resistance to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and C. acutatum hemibiotrophic infections (HBI) in strawberry leaf tissue and the genetic control of anthracnose crown rot (ACR) in crown tissue are relatively unknown. Six parental genotypes were crossed in a half-diallel mating design to generate 15 full-sib families. HBI and ACR experiments were conducted concurrently. Both seedlings and parental clones were inoculated with 1 × 106 conidia/ml of C. gloeosporioides or C. acutatum. Percent sporulating leaf area, wilt symptoms, and relative area under the disease progress curve were calculated to characterize resistance among genotypes and full-sib families. Low dominance/additive variance ratios for C. acutatum HBI (0.13) and C. gloeosporioides ACR (0.20) were observed, indicating additive genetic control of resistance to these traits. Heritability estimates were low for C. acutatum HBI (0.25) and C. gloeosporioides HBI (0.16) but moderate for C. gloeosporioides ACR (0.61). A high genetic correlation (rA = 0.98) between resistance to C. acutatum HBI and C. gloeosporioides HBI was observed, suggesting that resistance to these two Colletotrichum spp. may be controlled by common genes in strawberry leaf tissue. In contrast, negative genetic correlations between ACR and both HBI traits (rA = −0.85 and −0.61) suggest that resistance in crown tissue is inherited independently of resistance in leaf tissue in the populations tested. Overall, these findings provide valuable insight into the genetic basis of resistance, and the evaluation and deployment of resistance to HBIs and ACR in strawberry breeding programs.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Plant-based Pesticide containing Neem Extract (Azadirachta sp.) to Control Anthracnose Growth in Chili Fruits

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-122
Author(s):  
Yashanti Berlinda Paradisa ◽  
Wahyuni ◽  
Enung Sri Mulyaningsih ◽  
Ambar Yuswi Perdani ◽  
Arief Heru Prianto
Keyword(s):  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Neem Extract ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp

Cabai merupakan salah satu produk hortikultura yang banyak dikonsumsi di Indonesia. Antraknosa merupakan salah satu penyakit utama dalam budi daya cabai. Kehilangan hasil akibat antraknosa mencapai 35%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan efektivitas pestisida nabati dengan bahan utama ekstrak mimba dalam mengendalikan antraknosa pada cabai. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Pusat Penelitian Bioteknologi, LIPI. Pengujian in vitro dilakukan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok faktorial yang diulang 4 kali dengan faktor pertama ialah cendawan Colletotrichum acutatum dan Colletotrichum gloeosporioides; faktor kedua ialah pestisida nabati dengan bahan aktif mimba (Agr I dan Agr II); serta faktor ketiga berupa 6 taraf perlakuan konsentrasi pestisida (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%. 3%, 4%, dan 5%). Pada pengujian in vivo dilakukan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok faktorial dengan 4 ulangan. Faktor pertama ialah cabai besar dan cabai keriting; faktor kedua ialah C. acutatum dan C. gloeosporioides; dan faktor ketiga ialah 4 taraf konsentrasi pestisida Agr I (0%, 5%, 10, dan 15%). Berdasarkan hasil pengujian diketahui bahwa pestisida nabati Agr I dan Agr II dapat menghambat pertumbuhan cendawan secara in vitro dan Agr I lebih potensial untuk mengendalikan Colletotrichum spp. Namun pestisida nabati Agr I tidak mampu mengendalikan patogen yang telah berada di dalam jaringan tanaman.

The taxonomy of Colletotrichum isolates associated with lupin anthracnose

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Yang ◽  
M. W. Sweetingham
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Homology ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Specific Primer ◽  
Its1 Sequence ◽  
Compatibility Group ◽  
Traditional Taxonomy ◽  
Species Specific

Forty-three Colletotrichum isolates fromLupinus species worldwide are delineated into 3 groups:vegetative compatibility group (VCG)-1 (4 isolates), VCG-2 (37 isolates), andCOL-3 (2 isolates). The 3 groups are readily distinguishable by randomamplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiles. All Australian lupin isolates areVCG-2. VCG-1 and VCG-2 isolates produce predominantly cylindrical conidia, hadregular colony margins, and were grey to brown, lacking pinkish pigmentationon potato dextrose agar (PDA) consistent with the taxonomic criteria forColletotrichum gloeosporioides. COL-3 isolates producepredominantly fusiform conidia, and had an irregular colony margin and apinkish pigmentation on PDA consistent with C. acutatum.COL-3 isolates are possibly strawberry pathogens which can cross-infectlupins. An examination of reference cultures ofC. gloeosporioides and C. acutatumfound that published ‘species specific primer’ polymerase chainreaction (PCR) tests based on ITS sequence homology produced results contraryto the traditional taxonomy based on morphology. RAPD analysis appears todetect greater genetic variation in Colletotrichumisolates than previously published ITS1 sequence homology data, which does notsupport moving lupin anthracnose pathogens VCG-1 and VCG-2 fromC. gloeosporioides intoC. acutatum.Additional key words: Colletotrichum gloeosporioides,Colletotrichum acutatum, Lupinus,vegetative compatibility, RAPD analysis.

scholarly journals Differential Reactions on Mature Green and Ripe Chili Fruit Infected by Three Colletotrichum spp.

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orarat Mongkolporn ◽  
Paweena Montri ◽  
Thunyawan Supakaew ◽  
Paul W. J. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Green Fruit ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Capsicum Spp ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp ◽  
Differential Hosts ◽  
Fruit Stage

Differential reactions on mature green and ripe chili fruit of 10 genotypes from four cultivated Capsicum spp. (i.e., Capsicum annuum, C. baccatum, C. chinense, and C. frutescens) were investigated after being inoculated with 33 isolates of Colletotrichum capsici, C. gloeosporioides, and C. acutatum originating from Thailand. The inoculation was performed using an injection method. Differential reactions, based on qualitative host reactions (i.e., lesion development versus no infection) grouped the Colletotrichum isolates into different pathotypes. C. capsici was grouped into three pathotypes based on differential reactions on ripe fruit stage of two Capsicum chinense genotypes (PBC932 and C04714) and two pathotypes based on differential reactions on mature green fruit stage of C04714. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was grouped into five and six pathotypes on their reactions in ripe and green fruit maturity stages, respectively. C04714 and two Capsicum annuum genotypes (Jinda and Bangchang) acted as differential hosts with ripe fruit, whereas C04714 with all C. annuum and C. frutescens genotypes acted as differential hosts with green fruit. No pathotype of Colletotrichum acutatum was identified on ripe fruit but three pathotypes were identified on green fruit based on differential reactions in two Capsicum baccatum genotypes (PBC80 and PBC81).

scholarly journals Morphological and molecular identification of Colletotrichum acutatum from tomato fruit

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Zivkovic ◽  
Sasa Stojanovic ◽  
Zarko Ivanovic ◽  
Nenad Trkulja ◽  
Nenad Dolovac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Specific Primer ◽  
Tomato Fruits ◽  
Colletotrichum Dematium ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Species Specific

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Colletotrichum acutatum, Colletotrichum coccodes, and Colletotrichum dematium are the four main species of Colletotrichum that cause tomato anthracnose. In Serbia, the occurrence of anthracnose on tomato fruit has been recorded during the last several years. Typical fruit symptoms include dark, sunken, and circular lesion with orange conidial masses. Pathogen isolates were obtained from a diseased tomato fruits, on PDA medium forming a white to gray colonies. The cultures developed black acervuli around the center of the colony. Conidia were hyaline, aseptate, and fusiform or rarely cylindrical. Appressoria were smooth, simple, clavate to ovate, and varied from light to dark brown. Pathogenicity tests with representative isolates were conducted on symptomless, detached tomato fruits. All tested isolates caused anthracnose lesions on tomato fruit after 7 days of incubation. Koch?s postulates were fulfilled by reisolation from inoculated tomato fruits. PCR analysis (using species-specific primer pair, CaInt2/ ITS4) of genomic DNA from tomato isolates resulted in an amplification product of 490 bp, specific for C. acutatum, further confirming the identity of the pathogen. Based on morphological and molecular characteristics, the isolates from tomato fruit were determined as C. acutatum.

scholarly journals Evaluación in vitro de fungicidas comerciales para el control de Colletotrichum spp., en mora de castilla

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana Gaviria-Hernández ◽  
Luis Fernando Patiño-Hoyos ◽  
Alegría Saldarriaga-Cardona
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp

Se evaluó la eficiencia in vitro de cinco fungicidas de síntesis química, tres extractos vegetales y tres productos a base de biocontroladores, mediante las variables porcentaje de inhibición del crecimiento micelial y porcentaje de inhibición de la biomasa de Colletotrichum gloeosporioides cepa 52 y Colletotrichum acutatum cepa 168. En el grupo de los productos de síntesis química, los mejores resultados en la inhibición del crecimiento micelial en ambas cepas, se obtuvo con hidróxido de cobre y difenoconazol, con 100% de inhibición. En cuanto a inhibición de la biomasa, los productos con mayor porcentaje de efecto inhibitorio en C. gloeosporioides fueron: difenoconazol (100%) y benomil (93% a 99%); en C. acutatum fueron: difenoconazol (100%) y azoxystrobin (91% a 97%). Respecto a los extractos vegetales, el extracto a base de Citrus sinensis y C. grandis presentó 100% de inhibición tanto del crecimiento micelial como de la biomasa, siendo el más efectivo en el control de ambas cepas del hongo. En el grupo de los biocontroladores, el porcentaje de inhibición del crecimiento micelial de los productos a base de Trichoderma lignorum y T. harzianum osciló entre 61% y 65% para C. gloeosporioides, y entre 77% y 79% para C. acutatum, considerados dentro del grupo de los biocontroladores como los más eficientes en el control in vitro de las cepas 52 y 168 de Colletotrichum spp.

scholarly journals The Use of Essential Oils from Thyme, Sage and Peppermint against Colletotrichum acutatum

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Armina Morkeliūnė ◽  
Neringa Rasiukevičiūtė ◽  
Lina Šernaitė ◽  
Alma Valiuškaitė
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp ◽  
Biological Protection

The Colletotrichum spp. is a significant strawberry pathogen causing yield losses of up to 50%. The most common method to control plant diseases is through the use of chemical fungicides. The findings of plants antimicrobial activities, low toxicity, and biodegradability of essential oils (EO), make them suitable for biological protection against fungal pathogens. The aim is to evaluate the inhibition of Colletotrichum acutatum by thyme, sage, and peppermint EO in vitro on detached strawberry leaves and determine EO chemical composition. Our results revealed that the dominant compound of thyme was thymol 41.35%, peppermint: menthone 44.56%, sage: α,β-thujone 34.45%, and camphor: 20.46%. Thyme EO inhibited C. acutatum completely above 200 μL L−1 concentration in vitro. Peppermint and sage EO reduced mycelial growth of C. acutatum. In addition, in vitro, results are promising for biological control. The detached strawberry leaves experiments showed that disease reduction 4 days after inoculation was 15.8% at 1000 μL L−1 of peppermint EO and 5.3% at 800 μL L−1 of thyme compared with control. Our findings could potentially help to manage C. acutatum; however, the detached strawberry leaves assay showed that EO efficacy was relatively low on tested concentrations and should be increased.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Propyl Disulfide from Neem (Azadirachta indica) in Vapor and Agar Diffusion Assays against Anthracnose Pathogens (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Colletotrichum acutatum) in Mango Fruit

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 839
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rafiullah Khan ◽  
Vanee Chonhenchob ◽  
Chongxing Huang ◽  
Panitee Suwanamornlert
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Agar Diffusion ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Diffusion Assay

Microorganisms causing anthracnose diseases have a medium to a high level of resistance to the existing fungicides. This study aimed to investigate neem plant extract (propyl disulfide, PD) as an alternative to the current fungicides against mango’s anthracnose. Microorganisms were isolated from decayed mango and identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Colletotrichum acutatum. Next, a pathogenicity test was conducted and after fulfilling Koch’s postulates, fungi were reisolated from these symptomatic fruits and we thus obtained pure cultures. Then, different concentrations of PD were used against these fungi in vapor and agar diffusion assays. Ethanol and distilled water were served as control treatments. PD significantly (p ≤ 0.05) inhibited more of the mycelial growth of these fungi than both controls. The antifungal activity of PD increased with increasing concentrations. The vapor diffusion assay was more effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth of these fungi than the agar diffusion assay. A good fit (R2, 0.950) of the experimental data in the Gompertz growth model and a significant difference in the model parameters, i.e., lag phase (λ), stationary phase (A) and mycelial growth rate, further showed the antifungal efficacy of PD. Therefore, PD could be the best antimicrobial compound against a wide range of microorganisms.

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